scholarly journals Comparative seasonal assessment of pollution and health risks associated with heavy metals in water, sediment and Fish of Buriganga and Turag River in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Hossain ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Md. Jawad Hasan ◽  
Md. Minhaz Uddin ◽  
Nazma Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fish Samples

AbstractHeavy-metal pollution of surface water, sediment and fish have been seen as a major global problem, with a significant proportion of developing countries like Bangladesh. This study assessed the intensity of alarming six toxic substances (Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and Ni) throughout the River water, sediments as well as soft tissues of three widely consumed fishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Channa punctatus and Channa striata) obtained from two urban streams of the Buriganga and Turag in the Dhaka metropolitan. For evaluating the comparative seasonal variation of heavy-metal concentration, water and sediment samples were collected from five selected sites for two different seasons (viz. 10 from winter seasons and 10 from summer seasons). Finally, a total of 20 water samples, 20 sediment and 12 fish samples were investigated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) corrected with the Zeeman effect background correction system. The hierarchy of mean concentration of selected heavy metals in Buriganga water is found to be Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb in the winter season whereas during the summer season the order is Fe > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb. For the River Turag, the order is Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb and Fe > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb during winter and summer season, respectively. The level of metals studied surpassed the acceptable level of drinkable water, implying the ineptitude of drinking and cooking water from these Rivers. However, this hierarchy of heavy metals for sediments of Buriganga River changed to Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb for the winter season and Fe > Cr > Ni > Cu > Zn > Pb for the summer season. Whereas, for the Turag River, the decreasing trend of metal concentration found in sediment was Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb for both seasons. For probable human health hazard implications, contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were studied. The CF values revealed the low-to-moderate pollution of sediment. The PLI value above one shows the degradation of the consistency of the sediments. Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu concentrations in fish species were found to be 19.66–45.1, 0.07–12.18, 1.2–10.18, 20.18–187.07, 11.08–68.25, 2.07–10.4 mg/kg, respectively. The metals studied differed considerably among organisms and seasons. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), the daily average consumption of metal (EDI), as well as target threat quotients (THQs) for specific metal indicated that Cr and Pb are harmful in fish muscles and possible risks remain for fish consumers. The obtained concentrations of some metals are higher than the WHO/FAO’s permissible limit, suggesting that the water and fish found in these Rivers are like to be harmful to the human being. This study shows that attention should be given to the risk assessment for heavy metals in these Rivers.

scholarly journals The Occurrence, Pathways, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Raw Milk from Industrial Areas in China

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Chuanyou Su ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Xueyin Qu ◽  
Xuewei Zhou ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

This study evaluated chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contamination in raw milk from industrial areas in China, identified the possible pathways of heavy metals from the environment to raw milk, and made a risk assessment of the consumption of heavy metals from milk consumption. The Cr, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in raw milk, water and silage were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Cr and As in soil were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Cd and Pb in soil were determined by a Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Cr and As concentrations in milk from industrial areas were 2.41 ± 2.12 and 0.44 ± 0.31 μg/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those from non-industrial areas, which had levels of 1.10 ± 0.15 and 0.25 ± 0.09 μg/kg, respectively. Chromium was mainly transferred through the soil-silage-milk pathway, As was transferred through the water-silage-milk pathway, while Cd was mainly transferred through the soil (water)-silage-milk pathway. The contributions of each metal to the overall hazard index (HI) followed a descending order of As, Cr, Pb, and Cd, with values of 46.64%, 25.54%, 24.30%, and 3.52%, respectively. Children were at higher risk than adults.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Concentration in Eight Fish Species from Epe Lagoon (Nigeria)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82
Author(s):  
Iyabode Olusola Taiwo ◽  
Olaniyi Alaba Olopade ◽  
Nathanael Akinsafe Bamidele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract This research was undertaken to find out the levels of five heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in the muscles of eight fish species from Epe Lagoon. The levels of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using Kjldahl heating digester. The heavy metal concentrations among the fish species were statistically dissimilar (P < 0.5). The heavy metals of Pb, Fe, and Mn were above the FAO/WHO agreeable limits for human consumption.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Two Edible Fish Species and Water from North Patagonia Estuary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2492
Author(s):  
Pablo Fierro ◽  
Jaime Tapia ◽  
Carlos Bertrán ◽  
Cristina Acuña ◽  
Luis Vargas-Chacoff
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Metal Levels

Estuaries worldwide have been severely degraded and become reservoirs for many types of pollutants, such as heavy metals. This study investigated the levels of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in water and whole fish. We sampled 40 juvenile silversides Odontesthes regia and 41 juvenile puye Galaxias maculatus from the Valdivia River estuary, adjacent to the urban area in southern South America (Chile). Samples were analyzed using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In water samples, metals except Zn were mostly below the detection limits and all metals were below the maximum levels established by local guidelines in this estuary. In whole fish samples, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cd were significantly higher in puyes than in silversides. Additionally, Zn, Pb, and Mn were correlated to body length and weight in puyes, whereas Cd was correlated to body length in silversides. The mean concentration of heavy metals in silverside and puyes were higher than those reported in the literature. In silversides, all heavy metal levels were below the limits permitted by current legislation (FAO), whereas in puyes Pb and Cd levels were above the recommended maximum level established by international guidelines, therefore putting the human population at risk.

Health Risk Assessment of Six Heavy Metals in Different Sources of Honey Consumed in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 680 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Zhe He ◽  
Qiang Feng ◽  
Pei Long Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

As the consumption of honey is booming because of its multiple health-promoting effects, the possible health risks resulting from long-term exposure to metals contained in this honey need to be evaluated. The concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, As,Hg and Zn) in three sources of honeys collected from China, were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS), graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) and hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS) after microwave-assisted digestion. The rangs obtained for the element analyzed in ug kg-1 were as follow:Cd(4.9)Comparing with safety intake levels for these heavy metals recommended by US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), both the Hazard Quotient (HQ) values for single heavy metal and the Hazard Index (HI) value for all six heavy metals were far below 1, indicating no chronic-toxic risks from these heavy metals due to daily consumption of 0.01 kg of honey for a 70 kg individual.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Species of Goby (Porogobius Schelegelii and Bathygobius Soporator) From Buguma Creek, Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations in different organs such as gills, muscles, liver and gatro-intestinal tract (GIT) of two species of Goby: Porogobius schelegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the creek and were preserved in ice chest box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested by using standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of metals were analyzed using a Varian AA240 Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Results obtained indicated that heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the liver of the two species than in the muscle, gills and the GIT. Comparatively, the concentrations of these metals were higher in the specie B.soporator than P. schelegelii in all the organs of the fishes under consideration. The heavy metal concentrations recorded in this study were above the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization. The high concentration of heavy metals above permissible level suggests the need for caution during the consumption of these species from Buguma Creek due to health implications associated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Concentration of Heavy Metals in Vegetables Cultivated around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore Areas, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1040
Author(s):  
D.C. Sakiyo ◽  
G. Chessed ◽  
J. Eli ◽  
Y.J. Usongo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Significant Difference

The study analyses the health risk assessment of the concentration of Iron, Lead, Copper, Chromium, and Cadmium heavy metals in vegetables grown near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vegetables mainly Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were collected in triplicates and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Buck 210VGP (AAS). The result revealed that heavy metals detected in spinach at Jimeta dumpsite decreased in the following order: Fe (3.7 mg/kg) > Pb (0.18 mg/kg) > Cu (0.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection), compared to the metal concentration in spinach at Ngorure dumpsite with lower concentration of heavy metal which decreased in the order of: Fe (2.5 mg/kg) > Pb (0.16 mg/kg) > Cu (0.14 mg/kg) > Cr (0.02 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection). Other result for Spinach in Jimeta decreased in the order Fe (3.31mg/kg) > Pb (0.2mg/kg) > Cu (0.11mg/kg) > Cr (0.05mg/kg) > Cd (ND) beyond the limit of detection while Lettuce decreased in the order Fe (22.54mg/kg) > Cu (0.31mg/kg) > Pb (0.12mg/kg) > Cr (0.07mg/kg) > Cd (ND) beyond the limit of detection. Fe is the most abundant element in the vegetables with a mean value of 21 mg/kg followed by Pb (0.177 mg/kg). The analyses of paired T-test for vegetables in Ngurore and Jimeta at 0.05 level of significant confirmed that Cu and Cr showed no statistically significant difference in their concentration level while Fe and Pb confirmed that there was statistically significant difference in their concentration level. However, the detection of heavy metals in these vegetables calls for close environmental monitoring and adequate public awareness. This is necessary to discourage further pollution which could lead to high metal concentration and metal poisoning in vegetables and invariably humans that consume them. Keywords: Spinacia oleracea, Lactuca sativa, Heavy metal, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

scholarly journals Determination of Metal Concentration in Fat Supplements for Swine Nutrition by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Cocchi ◽  
Valerio Faeti ◽  
Matteo Manfredini ◽  
Daniela Manzini ◽  
Andrea Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fat Supplements

Abstract The presence of some essential and toxic metals in fat supplements for swine diet was investigated. Collected samples represented a relevant production of the Italian industry. In particular, some samples were enriched with antioxidants or waste cooking oils. The method for the determination of Ca, Cu, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in fat samples was developed by means of a certified reference material (CRM 186) and a representative fatty sample (RFS). All samples were digested in closed vessels in a microwave oven and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The entire analytical method provided a satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility confirmed by agreement between the experimental recovery data obtained for the CRM 186 sample and, with the method of standard additions, for the RFS material. The samples generally showed a small amount of metals compared with the recommended daily intake for the essential elements. On the other hand, some samples contained a significant concentration, from an analytical point of view, of Cd, Ni, and Pb. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to inspect the experimental data obtained from samples analysis. Basically no differences were detected in terms of metal concentration among the fat supplements analyzed.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengaruh Kandungan Logam Berat Terhadap Energi Pembakaran Batubara

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Combustion Energy

The research has been conducted to determine the effect of heavy metals on coal, where the coal comes from three different places in Indonesia. The collection and testing of samples was conducted by PT Sucofindo Padang branch. From the sample tested, the combustion energy is 6562 Kkal / Kg, 6331 Kkal / Kg and 6375 Kkal / Kg, for coal with initials A, B and C. Heavy metal testing is done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA). From the test, the biggest metal concentration is metal potassium (K) followed by other metal. From the data it can be seen that Iron (Fe), Mangan (Mn), Lead (Pb) and Potassium (K) if the concentration is large, the combustion energy is small. While the two metals of Magnesium (Mg) and Calcium (K) have no effect at all. In Aluminum (Al) and Copper (Cu) metals if the concentration is large the energy is also large.

Heavy Metals in Processed Fish Commercially Available in the Philippines: An Environmental Toxicology Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDILYNN N. SOLIDUM
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Nemipterus Japonicus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Dried Fish

Fish is the staple viand for Filipinos. Unsurprisingly, fish processing becomes a livelihood in the Philippines. Lead, cadmium and chromium contamination in fish may result to adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine such heavy metals in processed fish (dried and smoked) in both head and meat sold in the markets of Metro Manila, Philippines. The levels were compared with each other. The levels of heavy metals obtained were also compared with standard limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The samples were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. All processed fish smoked and dried fish samples contained lead, cadmium and chromium. Smoked Bisugo (Nemipterus japonicus) head had lead that went beyond the allowed limit. All dried fish samples contained cadmium beyond the acceptable limit. Smoked Galunggong (Decapterus macrosoma) meat went beyond the acceptable cadmium limit. Chromium in all samples went beyond the acceptable limit. Using Student’s t-test, the levels of lead and cadmium (head, meat) in processed fish showed statistically insignificant difference similar to chromium in smoked but not for dried fish. Hence, all processed fish samples contain lead, cadmium and chromium. The species and body parts with heavy metals beyond the acceptable limits vary. Keywords - Environmental toxicology, acid digestion, fl ame atomic absorption spectroscopy, lead, cadmium, chromium, experimental design, Philippines

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