Heavy Metals in Processed Fish Commercially Available in the Philippines: An Environmental Toxicology Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JUDILYNN N. SOLIDUM
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Environmental Toxicology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Nemipterus Japonicus ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Dried Fish

Fish is the staple viand for Filipinos. Unsurprisingly, fish processing becomes a livelihood in the Philippines. Lead, cadmium and chromium contamination in fish may result to adverse health effects. This study aimed to determine such heavy metals in processed fish (dried and smoked) in both head and meat sold in the markets of Metro Manila, Philippines. The levels were compared with each other. The levels of heavy metals obtained were also compared with standard limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization, and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The samples were analyzed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. All processed fish smoked and dried fish samples contained lead, cadmium and chromium. Smoked Bisugo (Nemipterus japonicus) head had lead that went beyond the allowed limit. All dried fish samples contained cadmium beyond the acceptable limit. Smoked Galunggong (Decapterus macrosoma) meat went beyond the acceptable cadmium limit. Chromium in all samples went beyond the acceptable limit. Using Student’s t-test, the levels of lead and cadmium (head, meat) in processed fish showed statistically insignificant difference similar to chromium in smoked but not for dried fish. Hence, all processed fish samples contain lead, cadmium and chromium. The species and body parts with heavy metals beyond the acceptable limits vary. Keywords - Environmental toxicology, acid digestion, fl ame atomic absorption spectroscopy, lead, cadmium, chromium, experimental design, Philippines

scholarly journals Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals Levels In Borehole Water In Ongata Rongai, Kajiado County, Kenya.

2020 ◽  
pp. 09-15
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Borehole Water

The study was carried out to assess the levels of heavy metals in ground water sampled from ten selected borehole sites in Ongata Rongai town, Kajiado County. The levels of selected heavy metals analyzed were: Zinc, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, Cadmium and Chromium in dry and wet seasons the analysis was done by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Seasonal variation was considered as an aspect of pollution to the subsurface environment where there was no obvious observable environmental degradation or where unknown contaminants could have been disposed of, privately, without any matrix being charged. The analysis of water samples was done using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and the results for the metal levels were in the range of: Zinc Below Detectable Limits- 0.73±0.01 (mgl-1 ); lead 0.21±0.01- 0.33±0.01 (mgl-1 ), mercury 0.0010 ± 0.0001 - 0.0019±0.0001(mgl-1 ); 0.256±0.01 (mgl-1 ); manganese 0.03±0.01- 0.26±0.01 (mgl-1 ). Cadmium and chromium had levels below detectable limits in dry and wet seasons. The levels of zinc and manganese were higher in the dry season than those recommended by World Health Organization of 3.0mgl-1 and 0.01mgl-1 respectively. The presence of the heavy metals in the borehole water is of concern since they could impact negatively on human health even at low levels due their accumulation. Stringent management and public awareness are required in order to safeguard the environment and human health in Ongata Rongai town.

scholarly journals Comparative seasonal assessment of pollution and health risks associated with heavy metals in water, sediment and Fish of Buriganga and Turag River in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Hossain ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Md. Jawad Hasan ◽  
Md. Minhaz Uddin ◽  
Nazma Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Fish Samples

AbstractHeavy-metal pollution of surface water, sediment and fish have been seen as a major global problem, with a significant proportion of developing countries like Bangladesh. This study assessed the intensity of alarming six toxic substances (Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and Ni) throughout the River water, sediments as well as soft tissues of three widely consumed fishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Channa punctatus and Channa striata) obtained from two urban streams of the Buriganga and Turag in the Dhaka metropolitan. For evaluating the comparative seasonal variation of heavy-metal concentration, water and sediment samples were collected from five selected sites for two different seasons (viz. 10 from winter seasons and 10 from summer seasons). Finally, a total of 20 water samples, 20 sediment and 12 fish samples were investigated by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS) corrected with the Zeeman effect background correction system. The hierarchy of mean concentration of selected heavy metals in Buriganga water is found to be Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb in the winter season whereas during the summer season the order is Fe > Cr > Zn > Ni > Cu > Pb. For the River Turag, the order is Fe > Zn > Cu > Ni > Cr > Pb and Fe > Zn > Ni > Cu > Cr > Pb during winter and summer season, respectively. The level of metals studied surpassed the acceptable level of drinkable water, implying the ineptitude of drinking and cooking water from these Rivers. However, this hierarchy of heavy metals for sediments of Buriganga River changed to Fe > Cr > Ni > Zn > Cu > Pb for the winter season and Fe > Cr > Ni > Cu > Zn > Pb for the summer season. Whereas, for the Turag River, the decreasing trend of metal concentration found in sediment was Fe > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu > Pb for both seasons. For probable human health hazard implications, contamination factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) were studied. The CF values revealed the low-to-moderate pollution of sediment. The PLI value above one shows the degradation of the consistency of the sediments. Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu concentrations in fish species were found to be 19.66–45.1, 0.07–12.18, 1.2–10.18, 20.18–187.07, 11.08–68.25, 2.07–10.4 mg/kg, respectively. The metals studied differed considerably among organisms and seasons. Bioconcentration factor (BCF), the daily average consumption of metal (EDI), as well as target threat quotients (THQs) for specific metal indicated that Cr and Pb are harmful in fish muscles and possible risks remain for fish consumers. The obtained concentrations of some metals are higher than the WHO/FAO’s permissible limit, suggesting that the water and fish found in these Rivers are like to be harmful to the human being. This study shows that attention should be given to the risk assessment for heavy metals in these Rivers.

Analysis of Heavy Metals in Soils around a Scrap Metal Recycling Company in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluseyi Orisadare ◽  
Hezekiah Efunwole ◽  
Mufutau Raimi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Metal Recycling

Contamination of soils by heavy metals has severely increased over the last few decades due to industrial wastes and human activities. Contaminated soils can constitute sources of health hazard to humans globally. However, there is paucity of information on the level of heavy metal concentration in the study area. This study therefore made a pioneering effort in investigating the concentration of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn and Fe) in soils around a scrap metal recycling company in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Thirty soil samples and solid wastes were collected from four sides of the scrap metal recycling company. The samples were air-dried, digested using standard method and analyzed for the selected heavy metals using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results of the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis revealed that for heavy metals, the concentrations in the soils were below the background levels and permissible limits recommended for soils in some countries. The value of the mean concentration of the analyzed heavy metals in the soils around the scrap metal recycling company ranged from 0.0040 – 0.0140 mg/kg for Cd, 0.061 – 0.108 mg/kg for Fe, 0.037 – 0.047 mg/kg for Cu, 0.003 – 0.0064 mg/kg for Pb and 0.019 – 0.121 mg/kg for Zn. The results from the study indicated that the concentrations of heavy metals around the scrap metal recycling company did not appear to be of serious concern. The concentrations of all the heavy metals were below the background level proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) residential soil standards.

scholarly journals Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Species of Goby (Porogobius Schelegelii and Bathygobius Soporator) From Buguma Creek, Niger Delta

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Wilfred–Ekprikpo P. C.
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Health Organization

This study investigated the heavy metal concentrations in different organs such as gills, muscles, liver and gatro-intestinal tract (GIT) of two species of Goby: Porogobius schelegelii and Bathygobius soporator from Buguma Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria. The fish samples were collected from the creek and were preserved in ice chest box and transported to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were digested by using standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of metals were analyzed using a Varian AA240 Fast Sequential Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The Results obtained indicated that heavy metals such as Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd), and Nickel (Ni) were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the liver of the two species than in the muscle, gills and the GIT. Comparatively, the concentrations of these metals were higher in the specie B.soporator than P. schelegelii in all the organs of the fishes under consideration. The heavy metal concentrations recorded in this study were above the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization. The high concentration of heavy metals above permissible level suggests the need for caution during the consumption of these species from Buguma Creek due to health implications associated with heavy metals.

scholarly journals Different analytical methods for estimating the heavy metals in fish products available in the Iraqi local markets by atomic absorption technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hamad F. Musa Al – Jubouri ◽  
, Sarhan A Salman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fish Fillet ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Carp Fish

The present study aims to estimate heavy metals (Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Zinc and Iron) by different analytical methods in local and imported fish products such as the following samples: (White tuna meat small pieces) Thailand produce, (Sardines with vegetable oil pepper, slices without heads) produced by Morocco, (Fish fillet without bones) Vietnam production (live Carp fish from ponds and live Carp fish from the Tigris River) Iraq production, and (Tuna cut small) Turkey production, The concentrations of above-mentioned elements in the target samples were determined by the flame atomic absorption device . Concentrations of heavy metals were estimated at (ppm) as follows : Cadmium values (0.48 - 2.05 ppm) , While Lead values (0.66- 2.90 ppm), The values of Zinc (2.99 - 19.14 ppm) , Copper values (0.15 - 2.66 ppm) , The values of Iron (15.47-3.28 ppm), The results showed that the best method of extraction was the method of digestion which showed better results than the other two methods (ultrasound method and Ashing method). The results showed that the levels of Cadmium and Copper in some products are higher than the limits allowed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Food Organization (FAO) while the values ​​of Lead, Iron and Zinc were within the limits allowed .    http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.084

scholarly journals The Occurrence, Pathways, and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Raw Milk from Industrial Areas in China

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Chuanyou Su ◽  
Yanan Gao ◽  
Xueyin Qu ◽  
Xuewei Zhou ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Graphite Furnace ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

This study evaluated chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contamination in raw milk from industrial areas in China, identified the possible pathways of heavy metals from the environment to raw milk, and made a risk assessment of the consumption of heavy metals from milk consumption. The Cr, As, Cd, and Pb concentrations in raw milk, water and silage were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The Cr and As in soil were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry, respectively. Cd and Pb in soil were determined by a Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The Cr and As concentrations in milk from industrial areas were 2.41 ± 2.12 and 0.44 ± 0.31 μg/kg, respectively, which were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those from non-industrial areas, which had levels of 1.10 ± 0.15 and 0.25 ± 0.09 μg/kg, respectively. Chromium was mainly transferred through the soil-silage-milk pathway, As was transferred through the water-silage-milk pathway, while Cd was mainly transferred through the soil (water)-silage-milk pathway. The contributions of each metal to the overall hazard index (HI) followed a descending order of As, Cr, Pb, and Cd, with values of 46.64%, 25.54%, 24.30%, and 3.52%, respectively. Children were at higher risk than adults.

Co-precipitation of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples with copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodele Rotimi Ipeaiyeda ◽  
Adekunle Johnson Odola
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Precipitation Procedure ◽  
Co Precipitation

A co-precipitation technique for nickel(II), chromium(II), manganese(II), lead(II) and zinc(II) with the aid of copper(II) cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate was established. The influences of some analytical parameters such as pH, sample volume, amounts of cyclo-hexylmethyldithiocarbamate and copper(II) on the recovery of metal ions were investigated. The heavy metals in the precipitate were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The range of detection limits for the heavy metals was 0.003–0.005 mg/L. The atomic spectrometric technique with co-precipitation procedure was successfully applied for the determination of Ni, Cr, Mn, Pb and Zn in industrial wastewater and sediment samples from Ladipo stream in Lagos, Nigeria. The mean concentrations for these metals using co-precipitation procedure were not significantly different from corresponding concentrations obtained using spectrometric techniques without co-precipitation procedure.

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