scholarly journals Enhancing design method training with insights from educational research–improving and evaluating a training course for a qualitative modelling method

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patric Grauberger ◽  
Matthias Eisenmann ◽  
Julian Stoitzner ◽  
Sven Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Qualitative Modelling ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Embodiment Design ◽  
Modelling Method

Abstract This study presents an approach for identification and elimination of challenges in modelling in embodiment design. These challenges can be caused either by the modelling method or the corresponding training course. To investigate the efficacy of a modelling method, first challenges of the corresponding training course need to be addressed. The study is conducted at a training course of the modelling method of the Contact and Channel Approach. A situation analysis of the training course is conducted in three application with 45 participants. Based on the findings, the training course is improved through application of insights from educational research that correspond to the identified challenges. A concluding evaluation takes place with 20 participants. The improvement of the training course takes place based on identification of challenges in the four areas of didactic elements, content structure, visualization and practical modelling in evaluations. Modularization is needed for purposeful training of different target groups. An issue regarding the practical modelling indicates a clearer view on the efficacy of the modelling method. Article highlights Identification of challenges in a training course for qualitative modelling in embodiment design through free text evaluation in three applications. Clustering of the evaluation results enabled identification of suitable findings from educational research to eliminate challenges in the training course. Conflicts of objectives regarding content and time can be addressed by modularization, however, this increases the effort needed for investigations.

scholarly journals Burnout in gastroenterology registrars: a pilot study of trainees in the East of England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ong ◽  
Carla Swift ◽  
Wanyen Lim ◽  
Sharon Ong ◽  
Yasseen Al-Naeeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Human Services ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Professional Support ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
Item Questionnaire

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe scale of burnout in UK gastroenterology trainees and the feasibility to determine its prevalence using the validated Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) tool are unknown. A region-wide pilot study was conducted to determine the uptake of a 31-item questionnaire and estimate the prevalence of burnout in gastroenterology trainees within the East of England deanery (EoE). Symptom severity across the three domains of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low personal accomplishment), and frequently experienced stressors by gastroenterology trainees were also studied.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study involving gastroenterology trainees from 16 hospitals across EoE using a 31-item questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of the 22-item MBI-HSS and 9 additional free-text questions. All gastroenterology trainees in EoE were invited to complete the anonymized survey online. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.ResultsUptake of the survey was above-average; 44.0% (40/91) response rate. 57.5% (23/40) of gastroenterology trainees suffered emotional exhaustion. 23.5% (8/34) had depersonalisation and 63.9% (23/36) experienced low professional accomplishment. Burnout prevalence was 35.3% (12/34). Only 48.4% (15/31) of gastroenterology trainees were aware of professional support services within EoE. Stressors related to service requirements and professional relationships were commonly reported; 65.6% and 25.0% respectively.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use a 31-item questionnaire to detect and study burnout in a national cohort of gastroenterology trainees. Burnout in EoE gastroenterology trainees was high and this may reflect the national prevalence within the specialty. Larger studies, greater awareness of burnout, and better access to professional support services are needed.Summary BoxWhat is already known about the subject?Burnout in physicians is a growing problem worldwide which can lead to personal ill-health and suboptimal patient care.Burnout in young gastroenterology fellows in the US are reported as high as 50% but the prevalence in UK gastroenterology trainees is unknown.The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) is the most validated tool to determine physician burnout but survey length may affect uptake by UK gastroenterology trainees and the feasibility of future studies.What are the new findings?This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of a 31-item questionnaire which included the MBI-HSS in studying burnout in UK gastroenterology trainees.Emotional exhaustion and a sense of low personal accomplishment affect more than half of gastroenterology trainees within the East of England.The prevalence of burnout in UK gastroenterology trainees is estimated to be high (35.3%) but larger studies are needed.Approximately half of gastroenterology trainees in the East of England were not aware of existing support services to help them cope with burnout.How might it impact on clinical practice in the foreseeable future?This pilot study may increase the awareness of burnout among UK trainees and trainers in gastroenterology.An estimate of burnout prevalence in UK gastroenterology trainees is provided so future research and remediation measures in the specialty can be justified.

scholarly journals The British Thoracic Society survey of rehabilitation to support recovery of the Post Covid-19 population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Singh ◽  
A Barradell ◽  
N Greening ◽  
CE Bolton ◽  
G Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractObjectivesThose discharged from hospital after treatment for Covid-19 are likely to have significant and ongoing symptoms, functional impairment and psychological disturbances. There is an immediate need to develop a safe and efficient discharge process and recovery programme. Pulmonary rehabilitation is well placed to deliver a rehabilitation programme for this group but will most likely need to be adapted for the post Covid-19 population. The purpose of this survey was to rapidly identify the components of a post-Covid-19 rehabilitation assessment and elements of a successful rehabilitation programme that would be required to deliver a comprehensive service for those post Covid-19 to inform service delivery.DesignA survey comprising a series of closed questions and a free text comments box allowing for a qualitative analysis.SettingOnline survey.ParticipantsBritish Thoracic Society members and multi-professional clinicians, across specialities were invited to take part.Results1031 participants responded from a broad range of specialities over 6 days. There was overwhelming support for early post discharge from hospital phase of the recovery programme to advise patients about the management of fatigue (95% agreed/ strongly agreed), breathlessness (94%), and mood disturbances (including symptoms of anxiety and depression) 92%. At the 6-8-week time point an assessment was considered important, focusing on the assessment of a broad range of possible symptoms and the need to potentially return to work. Recommendations for the intervention described a holistic programme focusing on symptom management, return of function and return to employment. The free text comments added depth to the survey and the need ‘not to reinvent the wheel’ rather adapt well established (pulmonary rehabilitation) services to accommodate the needs of the post Covid-19 population.ConclusionThe responses indicate the huge interest and the urgent need establish a programme to support and mitigate the long term impact of Covid-19.Strengths and limitationsLarge and comprehensive survey conducted to guide the provision of post Covid-19 rehabilitation.The survey provides clear recommendations for the provision of advice and support immediately upon discharge, and recommendations for a programme of holistic rehabilitation 6-8 weeks post discharge based upon the existing pulmonary rehabilitation model.The survey engaged a wide range of specialities and experiences managing Covid-19The opinions of patients and carers be sought in an additional surveyFunding statementThis research received no specific grant funding from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector.Competing interestsAll authors have completed the Unified Competing Interests Form at http://www.icmie.org.coi_disclosure.pdfDr. Singh reports grants from Actegy, grants from Pfizer, outside the submitted work.Dr. Jenkins reports grants from Astra Zeneca, grants from Biogen, personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, personal fees from Daewoong, personal fees from Galapagos, grants from Galecto, grants from GlaxoSmithKline, personal fees from Heptares, non-financial support from NuMedii, grants and personal fees from Pliant, personal fees from Promedior, non-financial support from Redx, personal fees from Roche, other from Action for Pulmonary Fibrosis, outside the submitted work.Data sharing statementNo additional data are available.

Layout Design of a Wii™ Remote Motion Capture System: Formulation and Solution

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukul Singhee ◽  
Jonathan F. Holmes ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Motion Capture ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Layout Design ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Motion Capture System ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Embodiment Design

In this paper, a method is proposed to design intelligent systems with the fundamental function of facilitating information flow from the environment and its subsequent integration. We use the Pahl and Beitz systematic design method to tease out the salient requirements for the design of a motion capture system for ergonomic worker safety and training. The current devices employed for this purpose have drawbacks in the form of a need for a controlled environment and a high cost of implementation. A systematic consideration of the requirements for the intended application and ongoing efforts in the Georgia Tech Research Institute led us to consider the platform of the Nintendo Wii™ remote. The system is designed to be inexpensive and usable in any environment with minimum intrusion to the subject. Our example system is based on the custom requirements for a manufacturing environment where workers are at a high risk for repetitive stress injuries. We select appropriate physiological measures and capture the associated data using our designed system. We utilize our adapted method by describing the conceptual design and selection of a novel approach to the mounting of the Nintendo Wii Remote™. In the embodiment design phase, we describe how we determine key parameters for the layout design of the system. The decisions made in the process are verified by the generation of a prototype system that was tested on human subjects.

scholarly journals Event-driven Modelling Method for Sub-assembly Intelligent Production Line

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 03035
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Diao ◽  
Jing Rao ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Event Driven ◽  
Manufacturing Activity ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Future Work

Focusing on the design of sub-assemble intelligent production line, an event-driven design method for production line was proposed. With the method, the manufacturing activity was defined as event, and then the relationships among events are analysed to define the input-output and execution behaviours digitally in each stage. Furthermore, the event-driven execution mechanism for multi-stage process was built to describe the production line in digital. The digital model of production line was conducted to explore the event behaviours, which will support the research about data-driven production line simulation in future work.

scholarly journals Malaria vector control tools in emergency settings: What do experts think? Results from a DELPHI survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Boëte ◽  
Sakib Burza ◽  
Estrella Lasry ◽  
Silvia Moriana ◽  
William Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vector Control ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Delphi Survey ◽  
Malaria Vector Control ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
Snowball Sampling

Abstract Background The use and implementation of novel tools for malaria control such as long lasting impregnated bednets (LLINs) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) over the last decade has contributed to a substantial reduction in malaria burden globally. However numerous challenges exist particularly in relation to vector control in emergency settings. This study seeks to explore expert opinion on the utility of existing tools within the emergency context setting and to better understand the attitude towards emerging and innovative tools (including Genetically Modified Mosquitoes) to augment current approaches. Methods 80 experts in the field of malaria and vector control were invited to participate in a two-round Delphi survey. They were selected through a combination of literature (academic and policy publications) review and snowball sampling reflecting a range of relevant backgrounds including vector control experts, malaria programme managers and emergency response specialists. The survey was conducted online through a questionnaire including the possibility for free text entry, and concentrated on the following topics: Utility and sustainability of current vector control tools, both in and outside emergency settings Feasibility, utility and challenges of emerging vector control tools, both in and outside emergency settings Current and unmet research priorities in malaria vector control and in malaria control in general. Results 37 experts completed the first round and 31 completed the second round of the survey. There was a stronger consensus about the increased utility of LLIN compared to IRS in all settings, while insecticide-treated covers and blankets ranked very high only in emergency settings. When considering the combination of tools, the ones deemed most interesting always involved LLINs and IRS regardless of the setting, and the acceptability and the efficacy at reducing transmission are essential characteristics. Regarding perceptions of tools currently under development, consensus was towards improvement of existing tools rather than investing in novel approaches and the majority of respondents expressed distrust for genetic approaches. Conclusion Malaria vector control experts expressed more confidence for tools whose efficacy is backed up by epidemiological evidence, hence a preference for the improvement rather than the combination of existing tools. Moreover, while several novel tools are under development, the majority of innovative approaches did not receive support, particularly in emergency settings. Stakeholders involved in the development of novel tools should involve earlier and raise awareness of the potential effectiveness amongst a wider range of experts within the malaria community to increase acceptability and improve early adoption once the evidence base is established.

scholarly journals Agentes del aprendizaje. Docentes en el proceso educativo para la retención positiva

2015 ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Gabriel Vázquez Dzul
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Quintana Roo ◽  
School Life ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
The University ◽  
Teachers Training ◽  
Remedial Strategies ◽  
School Retention

Como parte de las actividades de investigación educativa realizados en la Universidad de Quintana Roo, se diseñó y ejecutó un curso-taller con el propósito de involucrar a los profesores en los procesos de investigación en el aula para obtener elementos para la retención escolar. Este escrito tiene como objetivo mostrar el proceso reflexivo del docente, en tanto agente del aprendizaje, sobre su implicación en la trayectoria escolar y sobre sus alcances en la retención positiva universitaria que emergió durante y posterior al taller. El curso-taller, elaborado en dos de las tres unidades académicas, constó de tres aspectos: a) la ubicación del papel del profesor en la vida escolar del universitario, b) la aplicación de un ensayo de acción tutorial grupal y c) la propuesta y ejecución de estrategias remediales y/o de canalización en orden de mejorar aspectos académicos y fomentar la retención. A partir de este ejercicio, se establecieron mecanismos de acciones tutoriales alternativas pensados desde la práctica docente.AbstractAs part of the activities of educational research conducted at the Universidad de Quintana Roo, there was designed and executed a teachers’ training course with the purpose of involving them into research processes inside the classroom in order to improve school retention. This paper aims to show the teachers self-reflexive process, as learning-teaching agents, about their influence over students’ school life and their possibilities to achieve positive retention that emerged during and after the activities of the course. This course, developed in two of the three academic units of the University, addressed three aspects: a) teachers’ role within the school life of the university and the students, b) to fulfill a sort of tutorial actions towards a school group, and c) to propose and accomplish remedial strategies by improving academic performance and encourage retention. From this exercise, teachers developed alternative mechanisms of tutorial actions thought-out from teaching practice.Recibido: 07 de marzo de 2014Aceptado: 29 de agosto de 2014

scholarly journals Exploring the mental health impact on private flat owners in residential buildings with external combustible cladding

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S268-S269
Author(s):  
William Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Uk

AimsTo explore the mental health of private flat owners in residential buildings with external combustible cladding, which require remediation following the 2017 Grenfell tower fire.The speed at which the fire at Grenfell spread, killing 72 people, is largely attributed to external combustible cladding. It is increasingly suspected that there are ongoing profound effects on the mental health of people living in flats with external combustible cladding like Grenfell both in the UK and abroad. The issue has left flat owners facing severe financial hardship, the threat of bankruptcy and concerns about safety in their own homes.MethodAn exploratory ‘Google Forms’ online mental health survey comprising multiple choice and free text questions over 47 sections was distributed to flat owners in affected buildings. The survey remained open for 6 weeks to allow response. 550 individual responses were studied.Result550 individuals completed the survey, from 143 buildings across 45 UK councils.As a direct result of external combustible cladding: 89.5% said their mental health had deteriorated,22.5% reported having suicidal feelings or a desire to self-harm,71.1% reported having difficulty sleeping,93.8% said they were suffering from worry and anxiety,59.6% used coping strategies to deal with their situation,35.1% said that existing physical and mental health conditions had been exacerbated,84.1% said they cannot move on with their lives and57.9% of people had concerns about seeking help or treatment for mental/physical health problems caused by their situation during the pandemic.In addition, free text responses reflected feelings of anxiety and low mood attributed to the constant fear of fire, and an inability to plan families and future homes. One person said, “I have been left utterly broken by this. My mental and physical health has worsened, I have severe anxiety, depression and PTSD. I struggle each day to keep myself alive.”ConclusionSafe housing is a basic human right. The results show the current situation is having a detrimental impact on flat owners’ mental health and makes a strong case for the provision of specific services offering support - particularly given it is 3.5 years since Grenfell and a viable solution for all is yet to be found.

scholarly journals Structuring the unstructured: estimating species-specific absence from multi-species presence data to inform pseudo-absence selection in species distribution models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Croft ◽  
Graham C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
List Type ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Survey Effort

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are an increasingly popular tool in ecology which, together with a vast wealth of data from citizen science projects, have the potential to dramatically improve our understanding of species behaviour for applications such as conservation and wildlife management. However, many of the best performing models require information regarding survey effort, specifically absence, which is typically lacking in opportunistic datasets. To facilitate the use of such models, pseudo-absences from locations without recorded presence must be assumed. Several studies have suggested that survey effort, and hence likely absence, could be estimated from presence-only data by considering records across “target groups” of species defined according to taxonomy.We performed a probabilistic analysis, computing the conditional probability of recording a species given a particular set of species are also recorded, to test the validity of defining target groups by taxonomic order and to explore other potential groupings. Based on this quantification of recording associations we outline a new method to inform pseudo-absence selection comparing predictive performance, measured the area under curve (AUC) statistic, against the standard method of selection across a series of SDMs.Our findings show some support for target grouping classification based on taxonomy but indicate that an alternative classification using survey method may be more appropriate for informing effort and consequently absence. Across 49 terrestrial mammal species, pseudo-absence selection using our proposed method outperformed that of the standard method showing an improvement in the predictive performance of presence-absence models for 17 out of 22 with sufficient data to elicit a significant difference. Based on our method we also observed a substantial improvement in the performance of presence-absence models compared to that of presence-only models (MaxEnt) with a higher AUC for all 22 species showing a significant difference between approaches.We conclude that our method produces sensible robust pseudo-absences which either compliment patterns in known presences or, where conflicts occur, are explainable in terms of ecological variables potentially improving our understanding of species behaviour. Furthermore, we suggest that presence-absence models using these pseudo-absences provide a viable alternative to MaxEnt when modelling using presence-only data.

ECOLOGY OF LANGUAGE AS AN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME CONTENT IN THE SECONDARY SCHOOL

Neophilology ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Natalya Viktorovna Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Educational Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Language Ecology ◽  
Training Course ◽  
Ecology Of Language ◽  
Collective Development ◽  
Programme Content ◽  
The Russian Language

We consider an optional training course “Ecology of the Russian language”, which may have its place in the educational programme of students from 10–11 grade. The course “Ecology of the Russian language” contains not only information about the concept of “norm”, “normalization” of the language phenomena intended for preparation of students from of the 11th grade for final examination in the Russian language in the form of the Unified State Exam, but also serve for deepening of knowledge of pupils in the field of such scientific linguistic direction as linguoecology which is understood as ecology of language and language ecology. We prove that the training course “Ecology of the Russian language” introduce students to the research work, which allows them to acquire the necessary linguistic erudition and educational research skills in one of the most vulnerable areas of the language: internet communication, media, language design sites, communication in system games, etc. Project can be in two stages: collective research and individual. In the case of collective development of the theoretical and methodological basis of educational research the emphasis is on certain provisions that are interpreted by students during the course of classes.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among GLASS pathogens in conflict and non-conflict affected settings in the Middle East: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Truppa ◽  
Mahmoud N. Abo-Shehada
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Text ◽  
List Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp

Abstract Background In spite of the evident general negative effects of armed conflict on countries’ health systems and populations’ health outcomes, little is known about similar impacts of conflicts on the spread of antimicrobial resistances (AMR). This review was to address this evidence gap and describe: Patterns of AMR in the Middle East (ME) and resistance profiles of pathogens included in the Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS) supported by the World Health Organization; Differences in proportions of AMR isolates between conflict and non-conflict countries. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and searching five electronic databases. Subject heading and free text were searched for “antimicrobial resistances” and “Middle East”, to identify observational studies on AMR published from January 2011 to June 2018. Data were extracted from included articles on a predefined set of variables. Percentages of AMR were analysed as median and interquartile ranges. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 132 articles met the inclusion criteria. Included studies showed heterogeneity in study design, laboratory methods and standards for interpretation of results, and an overall high risk of bias. Main findings were the following: High proportions of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp. (median 74.2%), and both carbapenem resistance (median 8.1 and 15.4% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively) and ESBL-production (median 32.3 and 27.9% for E. coli and K. pneumoniae respectively) amongst Enterobacteriaceae. S. aureus isolates showed a median methicillin resistance percentage of 45.1%, while vancomycin resistance was almost absent. A median of 50% of the strains of S. pneumoniae showed non-susceptibility to penicillin. Similar trends were observed in conflict and non-conflict affected countries. Conclusions There is a lack of standardization in the methodological approach to AMR research in the Middle East. The proportion of antibiotic resistances among specific GLASS pathogens is high, particularly among Acinetobacter spp.

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