scholarly journals Promoting Hand Sanitizer Use in a University Cafeteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Bördlein
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Control Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Effort ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Efficient

AbstractHandwashing is the most cost-efficient method to lower the risk of the transmission of infectious diseases. Especially before eating in public places like cafeterias, handwashing is recommended. Often, people do not wash their hands before eating because of the response effort associated with going to the bathroom. As an alternative way to improve hygiene, disinfection with a hand sanitizer gel is recommended. The current study used an A-B-C-A design (and a no-intervention control site) with prompts and feedback to increase the number of cafeteria patrons using hand sanitizer. Dispensers for hand sanitizer gel were placed at the entrance area of two halls of a university cafeteria. Intervention took place in one hall, whereas the other served as a control. After baseline, a poster explaining the usefulness of hand sanitizing was posted near the entrance of the cafeteria. This led to a doubling of the percentage of cafeteria patrons using the hand sanitizer, from 10.79% during baseline to 24.45%. A second poster provided feedback about the percentage of patrons sanitizing their hands and asked for more participation. This led to no further increases in hand sanitizing (23.73%). After all posters were removed, the percentage dropped to 15.63% in the mean. This research demonstrated that a simple, informative prompt can have a considerable impact on hand-sanitizing behavior. However, the role of feedback in such interventions remains questionable.

Effect of thromboxane antagonists on ozone-induced airway responses in dogs

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 880-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Jones ◽  
C. G. Lane ◽  
P. M. O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Airway Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Thromboxane Receptor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Airway Responses ◽  
Control Infusion

Airway hyperresponsiveness after inhaled ozone in dogs may occur as a result of thromboxane release in the airway. In this study, two thromboxane receptor antagonists, L-655,240 and L-670,596, were used in doses that inhibit the response to an inhaled thromboxane mimetic, U-46619, to determine further the role of thromboxane in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. Dogs were studied on 2 days separated by 1 wk. On each day, the dogs inhaled ozone (3 ppm) for 30 min. On one randomly assigned day, 10 dogs received an infusion of L-655,240 (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) and 5 dogs received an infusion of L-670,596 (1 mg.kg-1.h-1); on the other day dogs received a control infusion. Airway responses to doubling doses of acetylcholine were measured before and after inhalation of ozone and were expressed as the concentration of acetylcholine giving a rise in resistance of 5 cmH2O.l-1.s from baseline (acetylcholine provocation concentration). The development of airway hyperresponsiveness after ozone was not inhibited by the thromboxane antagonists. The mean log difference in the acetylcholine provocative concentration before and after ozone on the L-655,240 treatment day was 0.62 +/- 0.12 (SE) and on the control day was 0.71 +/- 0.12 (P = 0.48); on the L-670,596 treatment day the mean log difference was 0.68 +/- 0.15 (SE) and on the control day it was 0.75 +/- 0.19 (P = 0.45). These results do not support an important role for thromboxane in causing ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.

Automatic Beach & Garden Umbrella with Rain Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722
Author(s):  
Md Subhan Alam
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Project Report ◽  
Is Management ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Cost Efficient

The aim of this project report is to form a sensible umbrella which may cut back human effort to its practicality and may target the market to its distinctive style, is basically vital in trendy society in danger of rain and wind while not coverage the aim of this project is to form such associate umbrella that's extremely sensitive within the incidences of rain and daylight at domestic and market level. Specifically, in summer season the ground of open areas gets thus heat to sun lightweight that produces problem for operating. This umbrella covers the whole hall throughout the rain and daylight. This umbrella operates with the assistance of various sensors like temperature sensors, water sensors and wind sensors. The gap and shutting of umbrella is being controlled through a motor. Motor will provides a fast and instant response to the shaft so shaft will play a significant role of power transmission for gap and shutting of umbrella. Motor provides needed rate to the shaft. Whenever temperature of the atmosphere goes on top of 28°, temperature device sends signal to Arduino that is management unit box. Then Arduino sends signal more to the motor so motor might activate and deliver needed rate to the coupling shaft. This project could be a cost-efficient method of providing machine-controlled controlled shade from high intensity daylight and rain. So, the issues of open and large areas is solved by mistreatment such kinds of machine-controlled umbrellas.

scholarly journals Role of transferrin in determining internal iron distribution

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-966
Author(s):  
P Pootrakul ◽  
A Christensen ◽  
B Josephson ◽  
CA Finch
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Mean

The behavior in vivo of transferrin in loading and unloading iron from its two sites was examined in rats. Radioiron entering the plasma from the gastrointestinal tract in iron-deficient, normal and iron-loaded rats did not differ in its subsequent tissue distribution between erythroid marrow and liver of normal recipients from a second isotope added to the same plasma in vitro. Loading studies in vitro were then carried out employing a reticulocyte incubation model designed to place one isotope predominantly on one site of transferrin, more available to the erythron, and the second isotope on the other site, more available to the liver. In 15 groups of animals in which 3 different iron salts were employed to load transferrin with iron, the mean isotope ratio in the erythron was 1.03 (+/-0.06 SD) and the mean liver ratio was 0.75 (+/-0.21 SD). It was found that the incubation of plasma with reticulocytes resulted in contamination of the plasma by radioactive hemoglobin. After allowance was made for hepatic uptake of radiohemoglobin in the 13 groups in which proper correction could be made, the isotope ratio in the liver became 0.97 (+/-0.17 SD). It is concluded that iron atoms from the two sites of transferrin have similar tissue distributions in vivo in the experimental situations examined.

The role of gamma probe activity counts in minimally invasive parathyroidectomy

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (06) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aydın ◽  
C. Tassci ◽  
K. Atila ◽  
M. A. Koçdor ◽  
A. Sevinç ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Probe ◽  
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Invasive Parathyroidectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
99Mtc Mibi ◽  
Wilcoxon Rank Test

Summary Aim: The benefit of preoperative gamma probe in the diagnosis of adenoma in patients with histopathologically proven parathyroid (PT) adenomas was examined. Patients, material, methods: 20 patients with positive 99mTc MIBI uptake in PT scintigraphy with primary hyper-parathyroidism were enrolled in this study. 740 MBq 99mTc MIBI were injected 3 h before operation. Counts of four PT regions were obtained with gamma probe before surgery in the operation room. All suspected PT adenomas were resected and histopathologically diagnosed as adenomas. We also obtained counts of the resection region and the resected adenoma with gamma probe after the parathyroidectomy. Preoperative counts of adenoma bearing regions (ABR), non-adenoma bearing regions (NABR), postoperative resection region (PRR), resected adenoma counts (RA) were registered. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon rank test. Results: The mean counts of ABR, NABR, the PRR and RA were 462 ± 106, 230 ± 66, 164 ± 42, 374 ± 87, respectively. The mean counts from ABR were twofold higher than those of NABR. The PRR mean counts decreased by 64% when compared to the mean counts of ABR and by 55% when compared to the mean counts of RA. The differences in mean counts of ABR and NABR, PRR and ABR, PRR and RA (p <0.01) turned out as statistically significant. Discussion: According to our preliminary results, the region with the highest counts is at least 2 ± 0,4 times higher than the mean of the other three PT regions. Thus, it seems to be significant for PT adenoma. Resection of adenoma may be accepted as successful, if the count of ABR decreased more than 64% with decreased postoperative parathormone levels. Conclusion: This technique should not yet be applied instead of parathormone measurement or frozen technique. But it may replace the frozen technique used for confirmation of the diagnosis during the operation in the future.

scholarly journals Ternary vowel length in Shilluk

Phonology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-125
Author(s):  
Bert Remijsen ◽  
Otto Gwado Ayoker ◽  
Signe Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Vowel Length ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
The Mean

Ternary or three-level vowel length is typologically rare, and supporting evidence is limited. This paper presents the results of an investigation into the hypothesised case of this configuration in Shilluk. We first describe the role of vowel length in Shilluk phonology and morphology, and then report on an acoustic study in which minimal sets for vowel length (short, long, overlong) are measured for vowel duration, coda duration, vowel quality and fundamental frequency. Short, long and overlong vowels differ significantly and substantially in terms of vowel duration: 96% of the items can be classified successfully for vowel length on the basis of this measurement alone. Of the other measurements, only vowel quality is significant, and this effect is considerably smaller. The mean values for vowel duration – 68, 111 and 150 ms for short, long and overlong vowels respectively – are similar to those reported for ternary vowel length in Dinka.

scholarly journals A Note on the Role of Mean Flows in Doppler-Shifted Frequencies

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo Gerkema ◽  
Leo R. M. Maas ◽  
Hans van Haren
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Wave Dispersion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Doppler Shifts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to resolve a confusion that may arise from two quite distinct definitions of “Doppler shifts”: both are used in the oceanographic literature but they are sometimes conflated. One refers to the difference in frequencies measured by two observers, one at a fixed position and one moving with the mean flow—here referred to as “quasi-Doppler shifts.” The other definition is the one used in physics, where the frequency measured by an observer is compared to that of the source. In the latter sense, Doppler shifts occur only if the source and observer move with respect to each other; a steady mean flow alone cannot create a Doppler shift. This paper rehashes the classical theory to straighten out some misconceptions. It is also discussed how wave dispersion affects the classical relations and their application.

scholarly journals KEPERCAYAAN MEREK DAN BRAND AFFECT SEBAGAI ANTESEDEN DARI LOYALITAS MEREK

Media Ekonomi ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Mugi Harsono
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Social Expression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Marketing Costs ◽  
Brand Affect ◽  
Mean Time

The purpose of this paper is to explain the important role of brand and brand loyalty inmarketing activities. This paper also explains the antecedents of brand loyalty. The role of a branddoes not only actas a name, but also increasing the company's competitive advantage. The benefitsof a brand for consumers are, among many others, for emotional, self and social expression,attitudes, values and culture benefits. In the mean time, the role of brand loyalty in marketingis to contribute to the survival of the company, to increase new customer opportunities as well asto reduce marketing costs. To improve a brand loyalty, a companyshould increase its brand trustin advance as it plays an important role in improving brand loyalty. A cpmpany brand trust hastwo dimensions of intention and reliability. Brand affect, on the other hand, is an important forimproving a brand loyalty. Therefore,a company’sbrand trust and brand affect should be improvedfor the brand loyalty to improve as well.Key words : Brand trust, Brand Affect, Brand Loyalty

scholarly journals A forth-and-back implicit λ iteration in the solution of radiative transfer in spherical media

2003 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Atanackovic-Vukmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Transfer ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Spherical Symmetry ◽  
Source Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Implicit Representation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parallel Geometry ◽  
Transfer Problems ◽  
Implicit Iteration

Forth-and-back implicit ?-iteration has been developed to solve radiative transfer (RT) problems with plane-parallel geometry in which there is a coupling of all RT equations by the scattering term included in the source function (Atanackovic-Vukmanovic, Crivellari and Simonneau 1997). Owing to the implicit representation of the source function in the computation of the mean intensities within a forth-and-back sequential treatment of the two intensities propagating in opposite directions, implicit ?-iteration (ILI) appears to be a very efficient method in the solution of linear as well as non-linear transfer problems. In this paper ILI method is generalized and applied to radiative transfer problems with spherical symmetry. The results for the monochromatic radiative transfer in a spherical atmosphere are presented and compared to those of other authors obtained by the other methods.

Deterrence and Criminal Attempts

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
David Schmidtz
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Deterrence Theory ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
James Buchanan ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Cost Of Crime ◽  
Costs Of Crime ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

It is widely held that the proper role of criminal punishment is to ensure in a cost-efficient manner that criminal laws will be obeyed. As James Buchanan puts it,the reason we have courts is not that we want people to be convicted of crimes but that we want people not to commit them. The whole procedure of the law is one, essentially, of threatening people with unpleasant consequences if they do things which are regarded as objectionable.According to the deterrence theory of punishment, which I will here accept without argument in order to tease out some of its implications, legislators must be aware of opportunities to maximize the threat value of criminal prohibitions. By maximizing deterrence, we minimize the cost of crime. On the other hand, creating these threats, and carrying them out, is also costly. So we also wish to minimize the cost of avoiding crime. An efficient deterrent, therefore, will be one which minimizes the sum of the costs of crime and crime avoidance, where ‘cost’ is to be broadly construed.

scholarly journals Role of transferrin in determining internal iron distribution

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Pootrakul ◽  
A Christensen ◽  
B Josephson ◽  
CA Finch
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratio ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Salts ◽  
Iron Deficient ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The behavior in vivo of transferrin in loading and unloading iron from its two sites was examined in rats. Radioiron entering the plasma from the gastrointestinal tract in iron-deficient, normal and iron-loaded rats did not differ in its subsequent tissue distribution between erythroid marrow and liver of normal recipients from a second isotope added to the same plasma in vitro. Loading studies in vitro were then carried out employing a reticulocyte incubation model designed to place one isotope predominantly on one site of transferrin, more available to the erythron, and the second isotope on the other site, more available to the liver. In 15 groups of animals in which 3 different iron salts were employed to load transferrin with iron, the mean isotope ratio in the erythron was 1.03 (+/-0.06 SD) and the mean liver ratio was 0.75 (+/-0.21 SD). It was found that the incubation of plasma with reticulocytes resulted in contamination of the plasma by radioactive hemoglobin. After allowance was made for hepatic uptake of radiohemoglobin in the 13 groups in which proper correction could be made, the isotope ratio in the liver became 0.97 (+/-0.17 SD). It is concluded that iron atoms from the two sites of transferrin have similar tissue distributions in vivo in the experimental situations examined.

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