Exploring the Relation Between Co-changes and Architectural Smells

AbstractThe interplay between Maintainability and Reliability can be particularly complex and different kinds of trade-offs may arise when developers try to optimise for either one of these two qualities. To further understand how Maintainability and Reliability influence each other, we perform an empirical study using architectural smells and source code file co-changes as proxies for these two qualities, respectively. The study is designed using an exploratory multiple-case case study following well-know guidelines and using fourteen open source Java projects. Three different research questions are identified and investigated through statistical analysis. Co-changes are detected by using both a state-of-the-art algorithm and a novel approach. The three architectural smells selected are among the most important from the literature and are detected using open source tools. The results show that 50% of co-changes eventually end up taking part in an architectural smell. Moreover, statistical tests indicate that in 50% of the projects, files and packages taking part in smells are more likely to co-change than non-smelly files. Finally, co-changes were also found to appear before smells 90% of the times a smell and a co-change appear in the same file pair. Our findings show that Reliability is indirectly affected by low levels of Maintainability even at the architectural level. This is because low-quality components require more frequent changes by the developers, increasing chances to eventually introduce faults.

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Coordination mechanisms in the store opening process

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management ◽

10.1108/ijrdm-01-2013-0024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 482-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erik Sandberg

Keyword(s):

Coordination Mechanisms ◽

Content Type ◽

Organic Growth ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Different Types ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Research Questions ◽

A Company ◽

Opening Process

Purpose – For many retailers organic growth through the opening of new stores is a crucial cornerstone of the business model. The purpose of this paper is to explore the store opening process conducted by retail companies. The research questions cover: first, the role and organisation of the establishment function in charge of the process; second, the activities and functions involved in the process; and third, the coordination mechanisms applied during the process. Design/methodology/approach – This research considers the store opening process as a company-wide project, managed by an establishment function, in which internal functions as well as external suppliers need to be coordinated. A multiple case study of eight retail companies is presented, focusing on the organisation of the establishment function, a mapping of the store opening process and the application of coordination mechanisms. Findings – The role and organisation of the establishment function is described and the store opening process is summarised into 11 main activities to be conducted by either the establishment function or other involved functions. During the store opening process six different coordination mechanisms are utilised, including mutual adjustments and direct supervision, as well as different types of standardisation. Originality/value – This research seeks to improve our understanding for the store opening process and how it can be managed and controlled in an effective manner.

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UNDERSTANDING AIRLINE BRAND EQUITY DRIVERS: LESSONS FROM A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

Journal of Air Transport Studies ◽

10.38008/jats.v8i2.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 70-93

Author(s):

Kallol Das ◽

Karman Khanna ◽

Surankita Ganguly

Keyword(s):

Brand Equity ◽

Emerging Economies ◽

Research Question ◽

Consumer Involvement ◽

Primary Research ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Research Questions ◽

Cross Case Analysis ◽

Case Design

There is increasing consumer involvement and hence, investor interest in the airlines industry, as far as emerging economies is concerned. A study of the literature by the authors did not produce any research paper on the process drivers of brand equity in the context of airlines. Therefore, the present study makes an attempt to address this gap. The primary research question is: What are the driving factors for building brand equity in the case of airline services? This paper uses a “two-case” multiple-case design employing theoretical replication. The cases are based on two Indian organizations, Indigo Airlines and Go Air. Both these businesses are similar in many aspects but have achieved very contrasting outcomes. The primary research question is broken down into following two secondary research questions. How is Indigo Airlines building its brand? How is Go Air building its brand? Data collection involved use of documents, archives, observations, participant-observations, and surveys. Data analysis involved conducting cross-case analysis. The findings have been used to develop a conceptual framework for building brand equity in airlines.

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Situated cognition and the ethnographic study of translation processes: Translation scholars as outsiders, consultants and passionate participants

Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies ◽

10.52034/lanstts.v19i0.545 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

Author(s):

Jelena Milošević ◽

Hanna Risku

Keyword(s):

Project Managers ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Translation Process ◽

Work Settings ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Scientific Experiments ◽

Multiple Case ◽

The Relationship

Whereas traditional methods of translation process research aim predominantly at fulfilling the requirements for controlled scientific experiments, shifts towards embodiment and situatedness at a conceptual level require methodological innovations for the analysis of cognitive processes as embedded in their relevant environments. In this article, we concentrate on one of the main challenges in the ethnographic study of translation processes in the translation workplace: the relationship between the researchers and the participants. Drawing on data from a multiple case study, we investigate the perceived role of the researchers and the mutual expectations of both the observers and the observed. In doing so, we examine the attitudes of translators and translation project managers towards researchers in a series of different work settings. Our results indicate that the enquirer posture imposed on the researchers by some participants corresponds with the formers’ planned methodological and epistemological approaches, as do their expected trade-offs. Others, in turn, differ substantially from the researchers in their expectations. Based on our own experience and subsequent reflections, we argue that fostering connections between translation scholars and practitioners may contribute to overcoming some of the methodological challenges of ethnographic research in Translation Studies.

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Challenges of Capacity Building in Multisector Community Health Alliances

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198110363883 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 645-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Jeffrey A. Alexander ◽

Jon B. Christianson ◽

Larry R. Hearld ◽

Robert Hurley ◽

Dennis P. Scanlon

Keyword(s):

Community Health ◽

Capacity Building ◽

The United States ◽

Short Term ◽

Stakeholder Interests ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Multiple Challenges

Capacity building is often described as fundamental to the success of health alliances, yet there are few evaluations that provide alliances with clear guidance on the challenges related to capacity building. This article attempts to identify potential challenges of capacity building in multistakeholder health alliances. The study uses a multiple case study design to identify potential challenges and trade-offs associated with capacity building in four community health alliances in the United States. Multiple challenges were found to be common across the four alliances, including specifying appropriate governance structures and decision-making frameworks, aligning stakeholder interests with the vision of the alliance, balancing short-term objectives with long-term goals, and securing resources to sustain the effort without compromising it. These challenges often involved trade-offs and choices that alliances need to prepare for if they are to approach capacity building in a planful rather than a reactive manner.

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Digitalization in the cultural industry: evidence from Italian museums

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research ◽

10.1108/ijebr-01-2021-0082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Nicola Raimo ◽

Ivano De Turi ◽

Alessandra Ricciardelli ◽

Filippo Vitolla

Keyword(s):

Digital Technologies ◽

Cultural Industry ◽

Visitor Experience ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

Financial Benefits ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Study Methodology ◽

Research Questions

PurposeThis study aims to analyse the level of digitalization in the cultural industry. More in detail, it aims to examine the determinants and effects of the digitalization level of museum organizations and the role played by the COVID-19 pandemic in the adoption of digital technologies.Design/methodology/approachIn order to answer the research questions, this study uses the multiple case study methodology. In particular, three different museum organizations operating in the Apulian context were examined.FindingsThe findings show that the adoption of digital technologies derives from the desire to attract more visitors, reduce costs, improve the visitor experience and adapt to competitors. On the contrary, they show that the lack of funding represents a drag on the adoption of digital tools. In relation to the effects, the findings show financial advantages connected to an increase in revenues and a reduction in costs and non-financial benefits connected to an improvement of the intangibles. Finally, the results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of digital technologies.Originality/valueThis work enriches the current literature through the analysis of the drivers and effects of digitalization in the museum industry and through the focus on COVID-19. Furthermore, to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines the level of digitalization of museum organizations in the Apulian context.

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Open Source vs. Proprietary Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments

Open Source Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-7230-7.ch023 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 392-406

Author(s):

Apostolos Mavridis ◽

Andreas Konstantinidis ◽

Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Learning ◽

Open Source ◽

Learning Environments ◽

Second Life ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Virtual Learning ◽

Virtual Learning Environments ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Specific Scenario

This chapter is an evaluation of the efficiency of 3D Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments to facilitate the implementation of collaborative learning activities. Firstly, there is a presentation of the state of the art regarding open source as well as proprietary platforms. Afterwards, the use of a case study reveals issues concerning the suitability of open source Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments, rationalizing the choice of executing a collaborative learning scenario in Second Life. The specific scenario is then presented culminating in evaluation results related to the appropriateness of Second Life with regards to its technical and pedagogical affordances. Finally, students' suggestions and reactions towards such a novel didactical approach are discussed.

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Open Source vs. Proprietary Collaborative Virtual Learning Environments

Knowledge Discovery, Transfer, and Management in the Information Age - Advances in Knowledge Acquisition, Transfer, and Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-4711-4.ch007 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 141-157

Author(s):

Apostolos Mavridis ◽

Andreas Konstantinidis ◽

Thrasyvoulos Tsiatsos

Keyword(s):

Collaborative Learning ◽

Open Source ◽

Learning Environments ◽

Second Life ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Virtual Learning ◽

Virtual Learning Environments ◽

Learning Activities ◽

Specific Scenario

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When “sustainable” fishing isn’t

10.1093/oso/9780198808978.003.0017 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Kristin N. Marshall ◽

Phillip S. Levin

Keyword(s):

Spatial Scales ◽

Sustainable Harvest ◽

Haida Gwaii ◽

Human Wellbeing ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Spatial Management ◽

Sustainable Seafood ◽

Low Levels ◽

Ecosystem Benefits

This chapter highlights conflicts created by fishing at levels generally thought to be sustainable. Sustainable seafood has been defined as providing food today without affecting the ability of future generations to obtain food. But this straightforward definition belies the complexity of sustainability. Models suggest that even under low levels of fishing there can be large impacts on ecosystem attributes, and thus the small reductions from sustainable harvest levels that have been advocated as a win-win solution do not necessarily lead to ecosystem benefits. Second, a case study of herring fisheries and harvest by indigenous peoples in Haida Gwaii reveals that what is regarded to be a sustainable commercial herring harvest can degrade human wellbeing. A potential solution may be spatial management that creates trade-offs on finer spatial scales, and satisfies more ecological and cultural needs.

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APPROPRIATION AND APPROPRIABILITY IN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

International Journal of Innovation Management ◽

10.1142/s1363919605001265 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. 259-285 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

LINUS DAHLANDER

Keyword(s):

Open Source ◽

Intellectual Property Rights ◽

Open Source Software ◽

Small Firms ◽

The Public ◽

Innovative Process ◽

Multiple Case ◽

First Mover ◽

Do So

Firms in open source software (OSS) are active in a field encompassing all the characteristics of a public good, given the non-excludability and non-rivalry nature of OSS. The fact that many important inputs to the innovative process are public should not be taken to mean that innovators are prevented from capturing private returns. The objective of this paper is to explore how firms appropriate returns from innovations that are created outside the boundaries of firms and in the public domain, using the case of OSS. To do so, the paper draws upon an explorative multiple case study of five small firms that attempt to appropriate returns from OSS, with rich empirical evidence from various data sources. The cases illustrate how firms try a variety of approaches to appropriate adequate returns, and suggest that selling services is the dominant trend. Firms also balance the relative inefficiency of traditional means of intellectual property rights such as patents by putting greater emphasis on first-mover advantages and creating network externalities.

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