The Role of the Natural Antioxidant Mechanism in Sperm Cells

Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.1007/s43032-021-00795-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alicja Kowalczyk

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Endogenous Factors ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Mechanism ◽

Optimal Functioning ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

AbstractMolecular studies of the causes of male infertility revealed a significant contribution of oxidative stress. When excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced or antioxidant activity fails, the equilibrium between oxidation and reduction is disrupted, causing oxidative stress (OS). High levels of ROS can have an adverse effect on sperm function through the initiation of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, loss of membrane integrity and increased permeability, inactivation of cellular enzymes, and cell apoptosis. In addition to endogenous factors such as immature sperm, leukocytes, and varicocele, potential causes of excessive ROS can also be found exogenously in males with testicular hyperthermia or exposed to environmental toxicity. To maintain the optimal functioning of sperm cells, it is, therefore, necessary to balance the redox potential, i.e., to balance ROS by antioxidants. The purpose of this review is to present the antioxidant defense systems in semen.

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Disease: From Physiological Response to Injury Factor

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/5732956 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Rossella D’Oria ◽

Rossella Schipani ◽

Anna Leonardini ◽

Annalisa Natalicchio ◽

Sebastio Perrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Myocardial Injury ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Molecular Abnormalities ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen, controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart, ROS play an important role in cell homeostasis, by modulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. Oxidative stress occurs when ROS production exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense systems, leading to cellular and molecular abnormalities, ultimately resulting in cardiac dysfunction. In this review, we will discuss the physiological sources of ROS in the heart, the mechanisms of oxidative stress-related myocardial injury, and the implications of experimental studies and clinical trials with antioxidant therapies in cardiovascular diseases.

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An Overview of the Beneficial Role of Antioxidants in the Treatment of Nanoparticle-Induced Toxicities

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2021/7244677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Vladimir Mihailovic ◽

Jelena S. Katanic Stankovic ◽

Dragica Selakovic ◽

Gvozden Rosic

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

New Findings ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Harmful Effects

Nanoparticles (NPs) are used in many products and materials for humans such as electronics, in medicine for drug delivery, as biosensors, in biotechnology, and in agriculture, as ingredients in cosmetics and food supplements. Besides that, NPs may display potentially hazardous properties on human health and the environment as a consequence of their abundant use in life nowadays. Hence, there is increased interest of researchers to provide possible therapeutic agents or dietary supplements for the amelioration of NP-induced toxicity. This review summarizes the new findings in the research of the use of antioxidants as supplements for the prevention and alleviation of harmful effects caused by exposure of organisms to NPs. Also, mechanisms involved in the formation of NP-induced oxidative stress and protective mechanisms using different antioxidant substances have also been elaborated. This review also highlights the potential of naturally occurring antioxidants for the enhancement of the antioxidant defense systems in the prevention and mitigation of organism damage caused by NP-induced oxidative stress. Based on the presented results of the most recent studies, it may be concluded that the role of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of nanoparticle-induced toxicity is unimpeachable. This is particularly important in terms of oxidative stress suppression.

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Pineal Proteins Upregulate Specific Antioxidant Defense Systems in the Brain

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.4161/oxim.2.2.8361 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 88-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Vijay K. Bharti ◽

R. S. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Pineal Gland ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Bubalus Bubalis ◽

Female Rats ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Secretory Product ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

The Brain

The neuroendocrine functions of the pineal affect a wide variety of glandular and nervous system processes. Beside melatonin (MEL), the pineal gland secretes and expresses certain proteins essential for various physiological functions. It has been suggested that the pineal gland may also have an antioxidant role due to secretory product other than MEL. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the effect of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins (PP) on the antioxidant defense system in the brain of female rats. The twenty-four rats were taken in present study and were divided into four groups: control (0 day), control (28 day), vehicle control and buffalo PP. The PP was injected 100 µg/kg BW intraperitoneal (i.p.) daily for 28 days. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the brain tissue were measured to assess the antioxidant systems. These enzymes protect from adverse effects of free radicals and help in amelioration of oxidative stress. Buffalo pineal proteins administration did not cause any effect on brain LPO, whereas GPx, GR and GSH were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. However, SOD and CAT activities were increased to significant levels than the control in PP treated rats. Our study herein suggested that buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) pineal proteins upregulates specific antioxidant defense systems and can be useful in control of various oxidative stress-induced neuronal diseases.

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Role of germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex as stimulator of some antioxidant defense systems in gamma-irradiated rats

Acta Pharmaceutica ◽

10.2478/v10007-007-0001-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mamdouh Ali ◽

Eman Noaman ◽

Sherien Kamal ◽

Saaed Soliman ◽

Dina Ismail

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Whole Body ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Agent ◽

Γ Irradiation ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Gamma Irradiated

Role of germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex as stimulator of some antioxidant defense systems in gamma-irradiated rats This study was conducted to evaluate the potency of the newly prepared germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex [germanium dichloro tetrakis (L-cysteinyl-α-tocopherol amide) dichloride] as a protective agent against γ-irradiation-induced free radicals production and liver toxicity. Male Swiss albino rats were injected intraperitoneally with the germanium complex in a concentration of 75 mg kg-1 body mass per dose, for 6 successive doses, last dose administered twenty minutes pre-exposure to a single dose of whole body γ-irradiation of 6.5 Gy. Lipid peroxidation (LPx), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH) levels, and activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were estimated in blood and liver. Blood total protein, cholesterol, triglyceride and α-tocopherol content were estimated as well. The results revealed that administration of germanium complex pre-irradiation resulted in significant (p < 0.001) improvement compared to the irradiated group in the level of hepatic and blood LPx. Hepatic GSH revealed a significant increase (p < 0.001), while its level showed no significant variation in blood. Also, the level of NO in blood and liver increased significantly (p < 0.001). On the other hand, pretreatment with the germanium complex normalized the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT in blood and liver when compared to the irradiated group. The study also documents a marked decrease in a blood triglyceride and cholesterol (p < 0.001) and a significant increase (p < 0.001) of α-tocopherol and total protein contents in blood. These biochemical changes were associated with marked improvement of histological status. Therefore, the germanium L-cysteine α-tocopherol complex may be a good candidate for ameliorating the changes induced by irradiation, which indicates the beneficial radio-protective role of this antioxidant agent.

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Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Strengthens Antioxidant Defense Systems against Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Liver of Mice

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1577 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 1577-1579

Author(s):

Lin Luo ◽

Feng Yan ◽

Bei Bei Wang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Medicinal Fungus ◽

Traditional Remedy ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Exercise Induced

Ganoderma lucidum(G. lucidum), a medicinal fungus called ‘‘Lingzhi’’ in China is one of the most famous fungi in traditional Chinese medicine. For hundreds of years, this mushroom has been known as a traditional remedy for treatment of several diseases, such as hepatitis, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, cancer and others. Polysaccharide is an important pharmacological ingredient extracted from fruit bodies and mycelium ofG. lucidum. It has been extensively documented thatG. lucidumpolysaccharides (Gl-PS) had wide bioactivities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic activities [1]. In our previous studies, Gl-PS has been proven to have significant anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effects in mice [2], which suggesting that it might be beneficial to exercise-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gl-PS against exercise-induced oxidative stress in liver of mice.

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Changes in Bone Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Systems in Menopause-Induced Rats fed Bran Extract from Dark Purple Rice (Oryza sativa L. Cv. Superjami)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13092926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 2926

Author(s):

Soo Im Chung ◽

Su Noh Ryu ◽

Mi Young Kang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Bone Metabolism ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Control Group ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Menopause is a matter of concern for women’s health due to a deficiency of female hormones; additionally, reactive oxygen species and aging can cause osteoporosis. Food becomes increasingly interesting as a menopausal woman’s alternative to hormone therapy. The effects of ethanol extracts from dark purple Superjami rice bran on bone metabolism and antioxidant defense systems in menopause-induced animal models were evaluated. Female rats underwent sham surgery or were ovariectomized to induce a menopause-like state. Rats were divided into a sham control group (SHAM), an ovariectomized control group (OVX), and an ovariectomized grou supplemented with Superjami rice bran extract group (OVX-S) and fed for 8 weeks. The OVX groups exhibited significantly more weight gain, amounts of bone turnover biochemical markers (alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and C-terminal telopeptide), bone loss, lipid-peroxidation and oxidative stress than the SHAM group. However, Superjami bran extract added to the diet resulted in a significant reduction in body weight and lipid peroxidation, as well as enhanced bone metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities, in ovariectomized rats. These results propound that extracts from Superjami rice bran have therapeutic potentiality against bone loss and oxidative stress in menopause-induced states and will be useful in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis and oxidative damage.

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Cortico-Hippocampal Memory Enhancing Activity of Hesperetin on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice: Role of Antioxidant Defense Systems, Cholinergic Neurotransmission and Expression of BDNF

IBRO Reports ◽

10.1016/j.ibror.2019.09.051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 24

Author(s):

A.A. Jacinta ◽

I.O. Ishola ◽

O.O. Adeyemi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Cholinergic Neurotransmission ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽

Memory Enhancing

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Mitoubiquinol Mesylate Attenuated Diethyl Nitrosamine–Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Modulation of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Defense Systems

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/go.20.20000 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 9-9

Author(s):

Adisa Rahmat Adetutu ◽

Sulaimon Lateef Adegboyega ◽

Okeke Ebele Geraldine ◽

Ariyo OC ◽

Abdulkareem Fatimah Biade

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Liver Function ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Tumor Incidence ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant cancer, with a high recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Diethyl nitrosamine (DEN) cirrhosis HCC–induced model has revealed an association of cancer progression with oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of mitoubiquinol mesylate (MitoQ), a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant derivative from ubiquinone on DEN-induced oxidative damage in HCC Wistar rats. METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, 10 rats per group. Groups A, B, and C received distilled water 10 mL/kg DEN, and MitoQ orally for 16 weeks, respectively. Animals in group D were pretreated with MitoQ for 1 week followed by coadministration of MitoQ and DEN (protective effect), whereas group E received DEN for 8 weeks, then coadministration of DEN and MitoQ (therapeutic effect) until the end of the study. Survival index, tumor incidence, liver function indices, hematologic profile, mitochondrial respiratory enzymes, and antioxidant defense status were assessed. RESULTS Data obtained show that rats in groups D and E had 80% survival and decreased tumor incidence (40% and 60%, respectively) compared with group B. Similarly, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) decreased the activities of liver function enzymes, while hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and lymphocytes levels were significantly elevated compared with the DEN-only group. Furthermore, MitoQ significantly ( P < .05) protected the liver from DEN-induced oxidative damage; however, there was no significant difference ( P > .05) between activities of mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase of groups A, B, D, and E, respectively, although these enzyme activities were significantly ( P < .05) elevated in group C. Macroscopic and microscopic features indicated a reversal of DEN-induced cellular degeneration in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MitoQ treatment for 16 weeks attenuated DEN-induced oxidative stress indices via modulation of mitochondrial antioxidant defense systems and could alleviate the burden of HCC as a chemotherapeutic agent.

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