Reinforcement Sensitivity Personality Factors, BMI, and Lack of Inhibitory Control as Predictors of Trait Food Craving

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gibson Weydmann ◽  
Nelson Hauck ◽  
Roberto Decker ◽  
Heitor Holland ◽  
Luciana Lopes Corrêa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity

scholarly journals Can we change binge eating behaviour by interventions addressing food-related impulsivity? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Başak İnce ◽  
Johanna Schlatter ◽  
Sebastian Max ◽  
Christian Plewnia ◽  
Stephan Zipfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Eating Frequency ◽  
Close Relationship

Abstract Background An extensive amount of research has underlined the potential role of impulsivity in the development and maintenance of binge eating behaviour. Food-related impulsivity has particularly received attention given its close relationship with overeating and binge eating episodes. Besides the available evidence, our understanding regarding the effectiveness of treatment modalities for binge eating targeting impulsivity and related constructs (e.g., food craving, inhibitory control, and reward sensitivity) is limited. Thus, this systematic review aimed to investigate whether binge eating behaviour is changeable by interventions that are impulsivity-focused and food-related and whether one of these interventions is superior to the others. Method A search on PubMed and PsycINFO was performed for relevant articles published up to September 2020. Studies delivering food-related impulsivity treatment to individuals suffering from binge eating episodes and including a control condition without this treatment were investigated. Following the search, 15 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were analysed. Results Analyses revealed that available impulsivity-focused approaches can be categorised as psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, computer-assisted cognitive training, and direct neuromodulation interventions. Regarding their effectiveness, it appeared that all of these approaches might be promising to change food-related impulsivity in individuals with binge eating episodes, particularly to decrease binge eating symptoms. However, a superior intervention approach in this early state of evidence could not be determined, although food-related cue exposure, transcranial direct current stimulation, and the combination of several interventions seem fruitful. Conclusion Efforts to treat binge eating behaviour with interventions focusing on food-related impulsivity appear to be promising, particularly concerning binge eating frequency, and also for food craving and inhibitory control. Given limited research and varying methods, it was not possible to conclude whether one impulsivity-focused intervention can be considered superior to others.

‘Fear’ of Crime: Role of Defensive Personality Factors for Concern About Crime

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Satchell ◽  
Oliver Waddup ◽  
Alison Bacon ◽  
Philip Corr
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personality Research ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
The Relationship

Research into ‘fear of crime’ often interchangeably uses the terms ‘anxiety’, ‘fear’ and ‘worry’. However, neuropsychological and personality research makes a crucial distinction between fear, anxiety and worry. Theoretically, it is likely that anxiety (rumination on the past and worry about the future) rather than fear (i.e., immediate reaction to high intensity threat) is a better predictor of ‘fear’ of crime. We studied the relationship between anxiety, fear and anger (using measures from Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory) and concerns about becoming a victim of crime. We also investigated the relationship between responses to hypothetical threat scenarios and general concerns about crime. In our sample (N = 250), we found, contrary to our predictions, that personality traits related to general fearfulness were predictive of concerns about crime – more so than traits related to anxiety or anger. Responses to hypothetical threat scenarios were predictive of concerns about crime, but less so than trait fear. Overall, our results suggest that it may, after all, be correct to suggest that concerns about becoming a victim of crime are more to do with being afraid than anxious or angry and we discuss the theoretical implications of this effect.

scholarly journals Prefrontal brain stimulation during food-related inhibition training: effects on food craving, food consumption and inhibitory control

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 181186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jemma Sedgmond ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence ◽  
Frederick Verbruggen ◽  
Sinead Morrison ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Inhibition Training ◽  
Healthy Participants

Modulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity using non-invasive brain stimulation has been shown to reduce food craving as well as food consumption. Using a preregistered design, we examined whether bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the DLPFC could reduce food craving and consumption in healthy participants when administered alongside the cognitive target of inhibitory control training. Participants ( N = 172) received either active or sham tDCS (2 mA; anode F4, cathode F3) while completing a food-related Go/No-Go task. State food craving, ad-lib food consumption and response inhibition were evaluated. Compared with sham stimulation, we found no evidence for an effect of active tDCS on any of these outcome measures in a predominantly female sample. Our findings raise doubts about the effectiveness of single-session tDCS on food craving and consumption. Consideration of individual differences, improvements in tDCS protocols and multi-session testing are discussed.

No effect of tDCS on food consumption or food craving when combined with inhibitory control training

Appetite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Jemma Sedgmond ◽  
Natalia S. Lawrence ◽  
Frederick Verbruggen ◽  
Sinead Morrison ◽  
Christopher D. Chambers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Food Craving

Rebound acid hypersecretion after ranitidine is not due to impaired inhibitory control

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A158-A158 ◽  
Author(s):  
D GILLEN ◽  
A WIRZ ◽  
K MCCOLL
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Acid Hypersecretion

Interventionen zur Regulation von Food Craving: Eine Übersicht

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nannt ◽  
Ines Wolz ◽  
Jennifer Svaldi
Keyword(s):  
Food Craving

Zusammenfassung. Food Craving ist ein Kernmerkmal verschiedener Essstörungen und hängt mit Übergewicht, Adipositas und patho­logischem Essverhalten zusammen. Ziel dieses Überblicksartikels ist es daher, den aktuellen Forschungsstand zu empirisch überprüften ­Interventionen zur Reduktion von Food Craving bei gesunden Personen sowie bei Personen mit klinischer oder subklinischer Essstörung dar­zustellen. Dabei wurden kognitive Regulationsstrategien, Trainings zur Modifikation von exekutiven Funktionen, expositionsorientierte ­Interventionen, Imagina­tionsverfahren, Bio- und Neurofeedback sowie Achtsamkeitstrainings berücksichtigt. Es zeigten sich unterschiedliche Effekte bezüglich der Wirksamkeit dieser Interventionen zur Reduktion des Cravings. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass einige der Interventionen Ansatzpunkte zur ­Behandlung von Personen mit Essstörungen bieten, allerdings sollten die Limitationen der jeweiligen Studien sowie die ­Vorläufigkeit der Ergebnisse berücksichtigt werden.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

Personality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer:

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Amelang ◽  
Petra Hasselbach ◽  
Til Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.

Effect of Heart Rate Variability on Defensive Reaction and Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Chocolate Cravers

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Rodríguez-Ruiz ◽  
Elisabeth Ruiz-Padial ◽  
Nieves Vera ◽  
Carmen Fernández ◽  
Lourdes Anllo-Vento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Food Craving ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Eating Disorder Symptomatology ◽  
Uncontrolled Eating

The study examines the effect of heart rate variability (HRV) on the cardiac defence response (CDR) and eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. Female chocolate cravers (n = 36) and noncravers (n = 36) underwent a psychophysiological test to assess their HRV during a 5-min rest period, followed by three trials to explore the CDR, elicited by an intense white noise, during the viewing of chocolate, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. After the test, participants completed a questionnaire to measure eating disorder symptomatology. The HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR and to eating disorder symptomatology in chocolate cravers. In addition, the HRV was inversely related to the magnitude of the CDR when viewing unpleasant pictures but not to neutral or chocolate ones, across all participants. These findings support the idea that poor autonomic regulation, indexed by low HRV, plays a relevant role in food craving and uncontrolled eating behavior.

Can a Theory of Suicide Predict All “Suicides” in the Elderly?

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars
Keyword(s):  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Theory Building ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Psychiatric Study

Summary: Older adults consistently have the highest rates of suicide in most societies. Despite the paucity of studies until recently, research has shown that suicides in later life are best understood as a multidimensional event. An especially neglected area of research is the psychological/psychiatric study of personality factors in the event. This paper outlines one comprehensive model of suicide and then raises the question: Is such a psychiatric/psychological theory applicable to all suicides in the elderly? To address the question, I discuss the case of Sigmund Freud; raise the topic of suicide and/or dignified death in the terminally ill; and examine suicide notes of the both terminally ill and nonterminally ill elderly. I conclude that, indeed, greater study and theory building are needed into the “suicides” of the elderly, including those who are terminally ill.

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