Enzyme studies on white blood cells and blood platelets. V. Dehydrogenase activity

1956 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Wagner ◽  
Norma Meyerriecks ◽  
Rose Sparaco
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells

scholarly journals In Vitro Effects of X-radiation on White Blood Cells and Blood Platelets

Blood ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD WAGNER ◽  
NORMA MEYERRIECKS ◽  
CARROLL Z. BERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Succinic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Endogenous Respiration ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract 1) Alkaline phosphatase activity of leukocytes is enhanced by radiation with 50,000 r. This disturbance accentuates the inherent aging process of white blood cells and may be explained by changes in the cell envelope. 2) X-radiation diminishes the endogenous oxygen uptake of leukocyte-platelet suspensions by approximately 20 per cent. This response to radiation is demonstrable at exposures of as little as 5,000 r. The decreasing effect is diminished when substrates such as sodium succinate or α-glycerophosphate are added, within a wide range of their concentration. With increasing substrate concentration the decrease due to radiation approaches that of the endogenous respiration and even exceeds it in some of the experiments. 3) In pure blood platelets a similar decreasing x-radiation effect occurs for endogenous respiration as well as succinic dehydrogenase activity; α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity, on the other hand, is enhanced. 4) The oxygen uptake in leukocyte-platelet suspensions due only to leukocytes can be calculated. While the percentage radiation decrease of pure leukocytes is unchanged for endogenous and succinate activity, the decrease for α-glycerophosphate as substrate reaches considerably higher levels (68 per cent compared with 8.2 per cent in leukocyte-platelet suspensions). Thus α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity seems to be most sensitive to x-radiation. It was shown in one of our previous studies that α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase is one of the most important respiratory enzymes in leukocytes. 5) The glycolytic system in leukocytes remains intact following exposure to radiation with 50,000 r.

THE PRODUCTION OF PURPURA BY DERIVATIVES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS

1926 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-106
Author(s):  
Hobart A. Reimann ◽  
Louis A. Julianelle
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Marked Diminution ◽  
Derivatives Of

A study has been made of the variation in number of the blood platelets, and the red and white blood cells of white mice injected with pneumococcus extract. The blood platelets were greatly diminished after the injection, the greatest decrease usually occurring after 24 hours. Purpuric lesions usually developed when the number of blood platelets became less than 500,000 per c.mm. Regeneration of the platelets was accomplished by the 4th to the 9th day but there was an overregeneration and the return to normal did not take place until 2 weeks had elapsed. The red cells were also greatly reduced in number, but the rate of their destruction and regeneration was somewhat slower than that of the platelets. The leucocytes were slightly if at all influenced by the pneumococcus extract. Pneumococcus extracts were shown to be thrombolytic and hemolytic. Heat destroyed the activity of both the lysins in vitro. Heated extract produced purpura in mice but did not cause a severe anemia. Extracts adsorbed with either blood platelets or red blood cells showed a marked diminution in their thrombolytic and hemolytic activity in vitro. Such extracts, however, produced purpura as well as severe anemia and thrombopenia in mice.

scholarly journals THE HEMOCYTOLOGICAL CONSTITUTION OF ADULT MALE RABBITS FROM FIFTEEN STANDARD BREEDS

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Casey ◽  
Paul D. Rosahn ◽  
Ch'uan-K'uei Hu ◽  
Louise Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Variance

A study of the red blood cells, hemoglobin, blood platelets, and the total and individual white blood cells was made on 180 male rabbits of known age and representing fifteen standard breeds. An attempt was made to eliminate or bold constant such variables as age, sex, season, time of examination, technical errors, food, housing, and disease. The mean, variance of the mean, and standard deviation were calculated for each breed sample and for the group as a whole. An analysis of the variance showed that the variation between the breed samples was significantly greater than the variation within the breed samples for the red blood cells, hemoglobin, blood platelets, total white blood cells, basophiles, eosinophiles, and lymphocytes per cubic millimeter and in per cent and the neutrophiles in per cent. No significant variations were detected in the monocytes except when the breeds were divided into heavy and light breeds. No variation in the neutrophiles per cubic millimeter was detected; a large number of the breeds had exactly the same mean neutrophile level. Characteristic blood formulae were found for the various breed samples having an adequate numerical representation. It was concluded that the varying blood formulae could not be explained on any other, except an hereditary (genetic) basis.

scholarly journals Evaluation de la toxicité d’un aphrodisiaque ivoirien d’origine naturelle (aphro) chez le rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595-1604
Author(s):  
Moussa Gbogbo ◽  
Rufin Yao Kouadio ◽  
Félicité Tano-bla Aboli ◽  
Mama Kone ◽  
Elisée Kouassi Kporou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
Rate Of Increase

L’usage des plantes à des fins thérapeutiques est très ancien. De nos jours encore, elles sont utilisées par une frange partie de la population mondiale. La présente étude avait pour objectif d’étudier les effets toxiques de l'administration subaiguë d'un phytomédicament ivoirien Aphro vendu sur les marchés chez le rat Wistar albinos. Pour ce faire, le phytomédicament Aphro a été administré quotidiennement par voie orale à trois lots de rats, aux doses de 5,75 ; 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel et cela pendant 28 jours. Le taux de croissance des rats, les paramètres hématologiques et biochimiques sanguins ont été étudiés. Les résultats de cette étude ont révélé qu’aux doses de 5,75 ; 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel, le phytomédicament ne modifie pas de façon significative le taux d’accroissement de la masse corporelle et les paramètres hématologiques constitués du taux de globules rouges, de globules blancs, de plaquettes sanguines et le taux d’hémoglobine. Par ailleurs, des marqueurs hépatiques et lipidiques sériques des rats traités n'ont pas été perturbés par l’administration du phytomédicament comparativement au lot témoin. En revanche, la créatinine, l’un des marqueurs rénaux étudiés a connu une augmentation significative (p < 0,05) chez les rats traités avec le phytomédicament aux doses de 11,5 et 23 mg/kg de poids corporel par rapport au lot témoin. Cette étude a permis de montrer que l’usage prolongé et à doses élevées de Aphro pourrait entraîner des effets nocifs sur les reins.   English title: Assessment of the toxicity of an ivoirian natural aphrodisiac (aphro) on rat The use of plants for therapeutic purposes is very old. Even today, they are used by a part of the world population. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the subacute administration of an ivorian phytomedicine Aphro sold in the markets in the albino Wistar rat. To do this, the phytomedicine Aphro was administered orally daily to three batches of rats, at doses of 5.75; 11.5 and 23 mg/kg of body weight for 28 days. Rats' growth rate, blood haematological and biochemical parameters were studied. The results of this study showed that at doses of 5.75; 11.5 and 23 mg/kg of body weight, the phytomedicine does not significantly modify the rate of increase in body mass and the hematological parameters consisting of the level of red blood cells, white blood cells, blood platelets and the level hemoglobin. Furthermore, hepatic and serum lipid markers of the treated rats were not disturbed by the administration of the phytomedicine compared to the control group. In contrast, creatinine, one of the renal markers studied, experienced a significant increase (p <0.05) in rats treated with the phytomedicine at doses of 11.5 and 23 mg / kg of body weight compared to the batch witness. This study showed that prolonged use and in high doses of Aphro could cause harmful effects on the kidneys.

Protein and Small-Molecule Leucopoiesis and Thrombopoiesis Stimulators

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Farsa ◽  
Peter Zubáč
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Cxcr4 Receptor ◽  
Thrombopoietin Receptor ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Factors

Abstract:: Pluripotent stem cells of the bone marrow are stimulated by different cytokines to proliferation and differentiation into various types of blood cells. These cytokines are mostly glycoproteins. Erythropoietin stimulates stem cells to the formation of erythrocytes while colony-stimulating factors cause the formation of different types of white blood cells. Stem cell factors play an important role in the maintenance and survival of blood cells of all types. Thrombopoietin stimulates stem cells to proliferation and formation of blood platelets. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is probably the most important used as a drug. It stimulates stem cells to the formation of neutrophile granulocytes. It is often used in recombinant forms such as filgrastim in the treatment of neutropenia in cancer chemotherapy or AIDS. Its pegylated conjugates such as pegfilgrastim are also available. Its activity can be supported by plerixafor, a small molecule – bicyclam derivative acting as an indirect agonist of stem cells factor. It acts as an antagonist of CXCR4 receptor activation of which brakes hematopoiesis. The treatment of conditions accompanied by thrombocytopenia such as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is currently not performed by thrombopoietin but synthetic agonists of its receptor are preferred. Romiplostim is a peptibody. It consists of a protein part interacting with the thrombopoietin receptor which is, however, different from thrombopoietin, and of Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G1. In contrast, small molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonists represented by eltrombopag can be given orally unlike all of the above.

Relative flow of blood cells, platelets, and microspheres in outer and inner renal cortex

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. H242-H246
Author(s):  
E. S. Ofjord ◽  
G. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Artery Wall ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Small Flow ◽  
Inner Cortex ◽  
Blood Elements

Blood platelets (Pl) may attain a relatively high marginal concentration in arterioles, perhaps also in arteries. Along a renal interlobular artery, blood passes several successive arterioles, each arteriole receiving a small flow fraction from a narrow zone adjacent to the artery wall. Thus, in theory, the Pl concentration should cumulatively decrease as the blood approaches the outer cortex, contrary to the concentration of red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC). This was tested by assessing the concentrations of these blood elements, and for comparison, the concentrations of 0.3-, 1.8- and 3.5-micron microspheres (MS), in serial blood samples from veins separately draining the outer and inner cortex in cat kidney. The outer-to-inner cortical concentration ratio was 1.28 for WBC, 1.04 for RBC, and 0.75 for Pl, confirming the working hypothesis. The RBC demargination corresponded to that of MS smaller than 1.8 micron, the demargination of WBC to that of MS larger than 3.5 micron. In contrast to Pl the even smaller 0.3-micron MS were not marginated. Thus, the margination of platelets may not be due merely to their small size.

The Effect of Melatonin on Thrombopoiesis in Irradiated Mice.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158-2158
Author(s):  
Mo Yang ◽  
Karen Kwai Har Li ◽  
Wei Zhe Huang ◽  
Xiao Jing Li ◽  
Nga Hin Pong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Platelet Formation

Abstract We have reported that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) significantly stimulates megakaryocytopoiesis. It has been known that platelet count can be increased in stress conditions and serotonin has an effect on actin re-organization and promotes nitric oxide (NO) synthesis via 5-HT2A receptors. NO may induce apoptosis of mature megakaryocytes to produce platelets. Taken together, we proposed a possible mechanism of serotonin on megakaryocyte differentiation and platelet formation: serotonin enhances the differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytes via 5-HT2BR and actin re-organization; and serotonin is involved in the process of platelet formation by promoting the synthesis of NO to induce cell apoptosis via 5-HT2AR. Serotonin is the precursor of melatonin. The effect of melatonin on thrombopoiesis in irradiated mice (4 Gy) was investigated in this study. Eighteen mice were randomly divided into three groups (6 in each). Group 1 (normal control, N) received no irradiation or melatonin; Group 2 (model control, C) and Group 3 (melatonin, M) received 4 Gy total body irradiation for 3 minutes. After irradiation, melatonin (10mg/kg.d) was injected intraperitoneally into Group M for consecutively 21 days. And Group C was administered normal saline instead of melatonin. Peripheral blood platelets, white blood cells (WBC), and red blood cells (RBC) were analyzed from the three groups on day 0, 7, 14, and 21. All the mice were executed to collect bone marrow cells for the assay of CFU-MK and CFU-F (fibroblastoid). Our results showed that melatonin enhanced the recovery of platelets and WBC counts. Moreover, melatonin also promoted CFU-MK (20 ± 3 vs 11 ± 2 colonies/2 x105 cells) and CFU-F formation (28 ± 10 vs 15 ± 3 colonies/2 x106 cells). We also investigated the in-vitro effect of melatonin on CFU-MK formation at different doses (0–500 nM). The results showed that melatonin significantly promoted CFU-MK formation at a dose dependant manner. The maximal concentration was at 200 nM (P<0.01, N=6) compared with the control. The size of CFU-MK with melatonin treatment was much larger and each MK cell was more mature. Our studies showed that melatonin had a promoting effect on thrombopoiesis in this model and also stimulated in vitro CFU-MK formation. Thus, melatonin could be developed as an alternative drug for the treatment of thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Influence of heavy metals on physiological and biochemical parameters of Pseudorasbora parva (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752
Author(s):  
O. M. Marenkov ◽  
O. O. Izhboldina ◽  
M. M. Nazarenko ◽  
R. V. Mylostyvyi ◽  
O. M. Khramkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Pseudorasbora Parva ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Anthropogenic load on aquatic ecosystems leads to increased inputs of heavy metals, which can have a toxic effect on aquatic organisms. Some of the most appropriate objects for research are short-cycle fish species. This article considers the results of studies on the adaptive reactions of the stone moroko Pseudorasbora parva (Temminck et Schlegel, 1846) to Mn, Pb, Ni heavy metal ions, which exceeded the reference values in the reservoir by 1.7, 1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively. Changes in morphological parameters of the blood and histocytological pattern of the hepatopancreas of the experimental species under the influence of toxicants, as well as changes in biochemical parameters, were determined. It was noted that the influence of Mn caused pathological changes in the form of poikilocytosis. The morphometric parameters of erythrocytes (the cell area and the nuclear area) reached 67.48 ± 0.67 and 13.97 ± 0.22 µm2 respectively (4.0% and 13.8% less compared to the control). The influence of Ni resulted in an increased number of leukocytes and immature forms of erythrocytes. The area of erythrocytes was 0.9% smaller than that of the control group, and the area of the nucleus was 4.5% smaller than in the control. The effect of Pb as well as Mn consisted in poikilocytosis. The area of red blood cells and nuclei was smaller by 6.5% and 8.3%, respectively, compared to the control. The percentage of white blood cells in fish exposed to Ni and Pb tended to increase. In the experiment with nickel, the percentage of white blood cells was 10.2% of the number of formed elements; in the experiment with lead – 11.3%; with manganese – 6.1%, while in the control, the number of white blood cells compared to the total number of formed elements of fish was only 1.2%. Cytometric studies have revealed that there are significant differences in the shape, size, and location of hepatocytes in different experimental fish. The structural components of the liver for histological specimens were stained differentially with different intensities and different colours. The hepatocytes on histological specimens of the liver of the stone moroko exposed to Ni and Mn ions did not have clearly defined boundaries, there was a large number of destroyed cells, which indicates the toxic effect of these heavy metals. The hepatocytes exposed to Pb had the largest area of cells and nuclei and the highest nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio is typical for hepatocytes under the influence of Mn. The nuclei had the largest size and occupied 12.7% of the internal contents of the cells. It is shown that under the impact of the studied concentrations of Mn, Ni and Pb, lactate dehydrogenase activity increased by 1.22, 1.14 and 1.48 times compared to the control, respectively. In contrast, there was a 3.27-fold decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activity under the impact of Mn. Besides that, the activity of the enzyme decreased by 1.48 and 1.68 times under the action of Ni and Pb. Subsequently, we found an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase in muscle tissue by 3.25–3.94 times under the influence of the studied toxicants. Muscle protein levels under the impact of Mn were 1.14 times lower than in the control, the most distinct decrease in protein was found under the impact of Ni (1.53 times). The obtained data of physiological and biochemical reactions of the stone moroko to the influence of heavy metals provide an opportunity to predict changes in the species composition of fish fauna under conditions of excessive toxic pollution of ecosystems.

Ultrastructural changes in murine lymphoma cells exposed to ultraviolet-A radiation

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
Delma P. Thomas ◽  
Dianne E. Godar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Uv Spectrum ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Murine Lymphoma ◽  
Transmission Electron

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from all three waveband regions of the UV spectrum, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm), and UVC (200-290 nm), can be emitted by some medical devices and consumer products. Sunlamps can expose the blood to a considerable amount of UVR, particularly UVA and/or UVB. The percent transmission of each waveband through the epidermis to the dermis, which contains blood, increases in the order of increasing wavelength: UVC (10%) < UVB (20%) < UVA (30%). To investigate the effects of UVR on white blood cells, we chose transmission electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructure changes in L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells.

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