Oral administration of fluoride in pregnant women, and the relation between concentration in maternal plasma and in amniotic fluid

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 991-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Brambilla ◽  
G. Belluomo ◽  
A. Malerba ◽  
M. Buscaglia ◽  
L. Strohmenger
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Maternal Plasma

Simultaneous analysis of bisphenol A fractions in maternal and fetal compartments in early second trimester of pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Zbucka-Krętowska ◽  
Urszula Łazarek ◽  
Wojciech Miltyk ◽  
Iwona Sidorkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Pierzyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Permeability Factor ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic, endocrine-disrupting compound widely used in the industry. It is also a ubiquitous environmental pollutant. Its presence was confirmed in human fetuses, which results from maternal exposure during pregnancy. The mechanisms behind maternal-fetal transfer, and relationships between pregnant women and fetal exposures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal exposure to BPA on the exposure of the fetus. Methods Maternal plasma and amniotic fluid samples were collected from 52 pregnant women undergoing amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. BPA was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The permeability factor – a ratio of fetal-to-maternal BPA concentration – was used as a measure delineating the transplacental transfer of BPA. Results The median concentration of maternal plasma BPA was 8 times higher than the total BPA concentration in the amniotic fluid (8.69 ng/mL, range: 4.3 ng/mL–55.3 ng/mL vs. median 1.03 ng/mL, range: 0.3 ng/mL–10.1 ng/mL). There was no direct relationship between the levels of BPA in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid levels. The permeability factor, in turn, negatively correlated with fetal development (birth weight) (R = −0.54, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that the risk of fetal BPA exposure depends on placental BPA permeability rather than the levels of maternal BPA plasma concentration and support general recommendations to become aware and avoid BPA-containing products.

Maternal, Umbilical, Uterine and Amniotic Prostaglandin E and F2α Levels in Labour

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
S. Sahmay ◽  
A. Coke ◽  
N. Hekim ◽  
T. Atasu
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Prostaglandin F

This paper confirms the important role played by prostaglandins in the induction of uterine contractions and the initiation of human labour, although the exact mechanism of action in labour remains unclear. Seventeen pregnant women at term were studied. Of these nine were in labour and the remainder underwent elective section. Prostaglandin E and F2α levels were measured in maternal, umbilical and uterine plasma and amniotic fluid by radioimmunoassay. Levels of prostaglandin E were generally higher than prostaglandin F2α but they were significantly lower in maternal and uterine plasma. Levels of prostaglandin F2α were significantly higher in maternal plasma during labour. The highest levels of prostaglandin were found in amniotic fluid. Measurements indicate that the decreasing ratio of prostaglandin E/F2α is more important in the initiation of labour than absolute levels of either prostaglandin.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcome, Antibodies and Placental Pathology in SARS-CoV-2 Infection during Early Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5709
Author(s):  
Won-Kyu Jang ◽  
Su-Yeon Lee ◽  
Sunggyun Park ◽  
Nam Hee Ryoo ◽  
Ilseon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

There are reports that pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 not only have increased morbidity but also increased complications and evidence of maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion on placental pathology. This was a retrospective study of pregnant women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection after March 2020. The results of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing and IgM and IgG antibody testing of the amniotic fluid, cord blood, placenta, and maternal blood were confirmed at delivery. Placentas were evaluated histopathologically. The study included seven pregnant women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy at a mean gestational age of 14.5 weeks. Out of the seven women, five were infected during the first trimester. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.4 weeks. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results for maternal plasma, cord blood, placenta, and amniotic fluid were negative and IgG antibodies were detected in maternal plasma and cord blood. On placental pathology, maternal vascular malperfusion was found in only one case, fetal vascular malperfusion in four cases, and inflammatory changes were found in two cases. Pregnancy outcomes for women diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection during early pregnancy are positive and it is likely that maternal antibodies are passed to the fetus, which results in a period of immunity.

scholarly journals Adrenomedullin production is increased in normal human pregnancy

1999 ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Di Iorio ◽  
E Marinoni ◽  
C Letizia ◽  
B Villaccio ◽  
A Alberini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Function

OBJECTIVE: Adrenomedullin, a recently discovered vasoactive peptide originally identified in pheochromocytoma, has been found to be increased in the plasma of pregnant women at term. This study was designed to elucidate whether adrenomedullin secretion is dependent on gestational age and the possible source and function of this peptide in human pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Adrenomedullin concentrations were determined by RIA in amniotic fluid and maternal plasma obtained from 110 pregnant women between 8 and 40 weeks of gestation. Subjects were stratified into five groups according to gestational age. In term patients (n = 15), adrenomedullin was also measured in the umbilical artery and vein separately. RESULTS: High concentrations of adrenomedullin were present in plasma and amniotic fluid samples from patients in the first, second and third trimester. There was no significant difference in mean maternal plasma concentration of adrenomedullin between the five patient groupings. Amniotic fluid adrenomedullin concentrations decreased from 81.2 +/- 11.7 pg/ml at 8-12 weeks of gestation to 63.7 +/- 6.0 pg/ml at 13-20 weeks of gestation and then increased at 21-28 weeks of gestation to 99.1 +/- 10.4 pg/ml. A further increase was found in samples collected after 37 weeks of gestation (132.6 +/- 10.1 pg/ml). In the umbilical vein, adrenomedullin concentration was higher (P < 0.05) than in the artery (65.7 +/- 6.1 pg/ml and 48.5 +/- 5.2 pg/ml respectively), suggesting that adrenomedullin in the fetal circulation derives from the placenta. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate the presence of adrenomedullin in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid throughout gestation, and show that its production starts very early in gestation, suggesting that this hormone may have an important role in human reproduction, from implantation to delivery.

scholarly journals Plasma γ-Globin Gene Expression Suggests that Fetal Hematopoietic Cells Contribute to the Pool of Circulating Cell-Free Fetal Nucleic Acids during Pregnancy

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuangsit Wataganara ◽  
Erik S LeShane ◽  
Angela Y Chen ◽  
Lynn Borgatta ◽  
Inga Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Globin Mrna ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Gapdh Mrna

Abstract Background: Reports of placental mRNA sequences in the plasma of pregnant women suggest that the placenta is the predominant source of cell-free fetal nucleic acids in maternal plasma during pregnancy. We developed an assay for γ-globin mRNA concentrations to determine whether hematopoietic cells also contribute to the pool of fetal mRNA in maternal plasma. Methods: Frozen paired plasma samples obtained from 40 women before and within 20 min after elective first-trimester termination of pregnancy (TOP) were analyzed. Fresh plasma samples from eight nonpregnant individuals were included as controls. Plasma γ-globin mRNA was measured by use of real-time reverse transcription-PCR and analyzed with gestational age. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA was used to confirm the presence of cell-free RNA in each sample. Results: γ-Globin and GAPDH mRNA sequences were detected in every plasma sample. The concentrations of both messages were significantly increased in pregnancy (P &lt;0.01). The concentrations of γ-globin mRNA were decreased in most women after TOP, but γ-globin mRNA was increased in some patients when TOP was performed later than 9 weeks of gestation. Conclusions: γ-Globin mRNA sequences can be detected and measured in fresh and frozen plasma samples. Plasma γ-globin and GAPDH mRNA concentrations are affected by pregnancy. The increased posttermination γ-globin mRNA concentrations seen in some patients suggest that the source of this message is fetal hematopoietic cells. Further study in pregnant women after 9 weeks of gestation is necessary to evaluate the potential of γ-globin mRNA as a marker for fetomaternal hemorrhage.

Is the acute psychobiological stress response in healthy pregnant women associated with amniotic fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone?

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Pearl La Marca-Ghaemmaghami ◽  
Sara M. Dainese ◽  
Roberto La Marca ◽  
Roland Zimmermann ◽  
Ulrike Ehlert
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Diagnostics of the chronic fetal hypoxia during pregnancy

1980 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
S. Ya. Malinovskaya ◽  
I. P. Laricheva ◽  
P. A. Klimenko ◽  
Z. H. Baideva
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Fetal Hypoxia

In order to clarify the significance of various methods for determining the state of the fetus during its hypoxia, we studied the content of placental lactogen (PLH) in the blood and amniotic fluid, the activity of histidase and urocaninase in them, and also studied the cardiac activity of the fetus using the oxytocin test in 109 pregnant women.

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