The role of synaptic weight changes in the epileptic destabilization of neuronal nets

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. S164
Author(s):  
W. Trabka ◽  
J. Trabka ◽  
Z. Mikrut
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Weight Changes

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

Hot corrosion of alumina

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1964-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.G. Lawson ◽  
F.S. Pettit ◽  
J.R. Blachere
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hot Corrosion ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electron Probe Microanalyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

The hot corrosion of single crystal and polycrystalline aluminas has been investigated in SO2–SO3–O2 environments and in the presence of molten Na2SO4-based deposits at temperatures of 700 and 1000 °C. The effect of microstructure and impurities on the corrosion has been emphasized. Weight changes and wetting angles were determined, and the evolution of the morphology of the exposed substrates and the reaction products was investigated in detail. The corrosion was small under the conditions of this study and generally increased with the impurity content of the polycrystalline aluminas. Based on the experimental results, particularly those obtained by electron microscopy and microanalysis using the SEM/EPMA (scanning electron microscope–electron probe microanalyzer), mechanisms are proposed for the corrosion of polycrystalline aluminas which emphasize the role of the silicate impurities and the synergy of their corrosion with that of the alumina grains. As a result, the alumina grains were dissolved by acidic fluxing under the acidic and the basic experimental conditions.

scholarly journals A comprehensive insight into the effect of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Jafari-Vayghan ◽  
Parisa Varshosaz ◽  
Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad ◽  
Hamid Reza Razmi ◽  
Mahdi Amirpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Century ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Metabolic Variables

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important threats to human health in the twenty-first century. The use of complementary and alternative medicine to prevent, control, and reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus is increasing at present. Glutamine amino acid is known as a functional food. The purpose of this systematic review is to determine the potential role of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus. For this review, PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception through April 2020. All clinical trial and animal studies assessing the effects of glutamine on diabetes mellitus were eligible for inclusion. 19 studies of 1482 articles met the inclusion criteria. Of the 19 studies, nine studies reported a significant increase in serum GLP-1 levels. Also, eight studies showed reducing in serum levels of fasting blood sugar, four studies reducing in postprandial blood sugar, and triglyceride after glutamine supplementation. Although glutamine resulted in a significant increase in insulin production in seven studies, the findings on Hb-A1c levels were inconclusive. In addition to, despite of the results was promising for the effects of glutamine on weight changes, oxidative stress, and inflammation, more precise clinical trials are needed to obtain more accurate results. In conclusion, glutamine supplementation could improve glycemic control and levels of incretins (such as GLP-1 and GIP) in diabetes mellitus. However, more studies are needed for future studies.

Propagation of spiking regularity in feedforward networks with recurrent connections

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150101
Author(s):  
Tianshi Gao ◽  
Bin Deng ◽  
Jixuan Wang ◽  
Jiang Wang ◽  
Guosheng Yi
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Synaptic Connection ◽  
Feedforward Networks ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Connection Probability ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Circuit Structure ◽  
Cortical Circuit ◽  
Recurrent Connections

The regularity of the inter-spike intervals (ISIs) gives a critical window into how the information is coded temporally in the cortex. Previous researches mostly adopt pure feedforward networks (FFNs) to study how the network structure affects spiking regularity propagation, which ignore the role of local dynamics within the layer. In this paper, we construct an FFN with recurrent connections and investigate the propagation of spiking regularity. We argue that an FFN with recurrent connections serves as a basic circuit to explain that the regularity increases as spikes propagate from middle temporal visual areas to higher cortical areas. We find that the reduction of regularity is related to the decreased complexity of the shared activity co-fluctuations. We show in simulations that there is an appropriate excitation–inhibition ratio maximizing the regularity of deeper layers. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that collective temporal regularity in deeper layers exhibits resonance-like behavior with respect to both synaptic connection probability and synaptic weight. Our work provides a critical link between cortical circuit structure and realistic spiking regularity.

Conditional gene targeting of the ENaC subunit genes Scnn1b and Scnn1g

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. F249-F256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Mérillat ◽  
Roch-Philippe Charles ◽  
Andrée Porret ◽  
Marc Maillard ◽  
Bernard Rossier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Null Alleles ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transcript Expression ◽  
Mrna Transcript ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Epithelial Sodium Channels ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Conditional Gene Targeting

Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are members of the degenerin/ENaC superfamily of non-voltage-gated, highly amiloride-sensitive cation channels that are composed of three subunits (α-, β-, and γ-ENaC). Since complete gene inactivation of the β- and γ-ENaC subunit genes ( Scnn1b and Scnn1g) leads to early postnatal death, we generated conditional alleles and obtained mice harboring floxed and null alleles for both gene loci. Using quantitative RT-PCR analysis, we showed that the introduction of the loxP sites did not interfere with the mRNA transcript expression level of the Scnn1b and Scnn1g gene locus, respectively. Upon a regular and salt-deficient diet, both β- and γ-ENaC floxed mice showed no difference in their mRNA transcript expression levels, plasma electrolytes, and aldosterone concentrations as well as weight changes compared with control animals. These mice can now be utilized to dissect the role of ENaC function in classical and nonclassic target organs/tissues.

scholarly journals Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of weight loss strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Deram ◽  
Sandra M. F. Villares
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Diets ◽  
Weight Excess

Body weight excess has an increasingly high prevalence in the world. Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial origin with a polygenic condition affected by environmental factors. Weight loss is a primary strategy to treat obesity and its morbidities. Weight changes through life depend on the interaction of environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. Interindividual variation of weight loss in response to different types of interventions (behavioral, caloric restriction, exercise, drug or surgery) has been observed. In this article, currently available data on the role of candidate gene polymorphisms in weight loss are reviewed. Even though control of weight loss by genotype was described in twin and family studies, it is premature to recommend use of genotyping in the design of therapeutic diets or drug treatment. Future studies will have to be large in order to assess the effects of multiple polymorphisms, and will have to control factors other than diet.

scholarly journals The potential role of appetite in predicting weight changes during treatment with olanzapine

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Case ◽  
Tamas Treuer ◽  
Jamie Karagianis ◽  
Vicki Poole Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Weight Changes

scholarly journals Dendrites decrease the synaptic weight resolution necessary to implement linearly separable computations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Cazé ◽  
Marcel Stimberg
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Weight ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Strong Constraint ◽  
Multiple Orders ◽  
Limited Precision ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn theory, neurons modelled as single layer perceptrons can implement all linearly separable computations. In practice, however, these computations may require arbitrarily precise synaptic weights. This is a strong constraint since both, biological neurons and their artificial counterparts, have to cope with limited precision. Here, we explore how the non-linear processing in dendrites helps overcoming this constraint. We start by finding a class of computations which requires increasing precision with the number of inputs in a perceptron and show that it can be implemented without this constraint in a neuron with sub-linear subunits. Then, we complement this analytical study by a simulation of a biophysical neuron model with two passive dendrites and a soma, and show that it can implement this computation. This works demonstrates a new role of dendrites in neural computation: by distributing the computation across independent subunits, the same computation can be performed more efficiently with less precise tuning of the synaptic weights. We hope that this works not only offers new insight into the importance of dendrites for biological neurons, but also paves the way for new, more efficient architectures of artificial neuromorphic chips.Author SummaryIn theory, we know how much neurons can compute, in practice, the number of possible synaptic weights values limits their computation capacity. Such a limitation holds true for artificial and synthetic neurons. We introduce here a computation where the required means evolve significantly with the number of inputs, this poses a problem as neurons receive multiple thousands of inputs. We study here how the neurons’ receptive element-called dendrites-can mitigate such a problem. We show that, without dendrites, the largest synaptic weight need to be multiple orders of magnitude larger than the smallest to implement the computation. Yet a neuron with dendrites implements the same computation with constant synaptic weights whatever the number of inputs. This study paves the way for the use of dendritic neurons in a new generation of artificial neural network and neuromorphic chips with a considerably better cost-benefit balance.

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