scholarly journals Genetic variants influencing effectiveness of weight loss strategies

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Deram ◽  
Sandra M. F. Villares
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Therapeutic Diets ◽  
Weight Excess

Body weight excess has an increasingly high prevalence in the world. Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial origin with a polygenic condition affected by environmental factors. Weight loss is a primary strategy to treat obesity and its morbidities. Weight changes through life depend on the interaction of environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. Interindividual variation of weight loss in response to different types of interventions (behavioral, caloric restriction, exercise, drug or surgery) has been observed. In this article, currently available data on the role of candidate gene polymorphisms in weight loss are reviewed. Even though control of weight loss by genotype was described in twin and family studies, it is premature to recommend use of genotyping in the design of therapeutic diets or drug treatment. Future studies will have to be large in order to assess the effects of multiple polymorphisms, and will have to control factors other than diet.

scholarly journals Role of Hereditary Factors in Weight Loss and Its Maintenance

2008 ◽  
pp. S1-S15
Author(s):  
V Hainer ◽  
H Zamrazilová ◽  
J Spálová ◽  
I Hainerová ◽  
M Kunešová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Interindividual Variation ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Strong Control

The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate in both developed and developing countries. Obesity is a chronic complex disease of multifactorial origin resulting from a long-term positive energy balance, in which both genetic and environmental factors are involved. Genetically prone individuals are the first to accumulate fat in the present obesogenic environment. Obesity increases the risks of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, arthritis, and several cancers and reduces the average life expectancy. Implementation of effective strategies in prevention and management of obesity should become an important target in health care systems. Weight changes throughout life depend on the interaction of behavioral, genetic and environmental factors. Weight loss in response to weight management shows a wide range of interindividual variation which is largely influenced by genetic determinants. The strong control of weight loss by genotype was confirmed by twin and family studies. Recently, special attention has been paid to nutritional, hormonal, psychobehavioral and genetic factors which can predict the response to weight reduction programme. In this article currently available data on the role of obesity candidate gene polymorphisms in weight loss and maintenance are reviewed. It is believed that an elucidation of the genetic component in the prognosis of weight management could assist in the development of more effective and individually tailored therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus Assay Results in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Severe Hyperinflammatory Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Xavier Solanich ◽  
Miguel Fernández-Huerta ◽  
Celeste Basaez ◽  
Arnau Antolí ◽  
Gemma Rocamora-Blanch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Indeterminate Result ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Epidemic Wave

Performance of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus) assay could be affected by conditions of immune dysregulation. Little is known about the reliability of QTF-Plus in COVID-19 patients. Our aim was to determine the prevalence and the factors related to an indeterminate QFT-Plus test in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, and to analyze its relationship with in-hospital mortality. A retrospective analysis of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients on whom a QTF-Plus assay was performed in a tertiary care public hospital during the first epidemic wave in Spain (March–April 2020). Out of a total of 96 patients included, 34 (35.4%) had an indeterminate result, in all cases due to a lack of response in the mitogen control. Factors related to COVID-19 severity, such as higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (odds ratio [OR] 1.005 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.002–1.008]) and previous administration of corticosteroids (OR 4.477 [95% CI 1.397–14.345]), were independent predictors for indeterminate QFT-Plus assay. Furthermore, indeterminate results were more frequent among COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization (29.1% vs. 64.7%; p = 0.005). We conclude that QFT-Plus assay yielded an unexpected, high prevalence of indeterminate results in severe COVID-19 patients. Factors related to worse COVID-19 outcome, such as LDH, as well as corticosteroid use before the QFT-Plus assay, seem to be predictors for an indeterminate result. The role of an indeterminate QFT-Plus result in predicting COVID-19 severity and mortality should be evaluated.

scholarly journals The role of energy and fluid imbalance in weight changes found during field work in Antarctica

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Loss Of Weight

1. The effect on body-weight of field work in Antarctica when travelling by mechanical transport has been studied.2. A steady loss of weight (mean 6.2 kg) was found in the field, and there was a slow gain on return to less arduous conditions.3. Changes in skinfold thickness and hip girth suggested that the loss of weight was due to an energy deficit, and the gain was due to an excess of energy.4. However, although weight was being lost the energy balance was calculated to be positive. This was probably because the expenditure was underestimated as the result of a failure to take into account: (a) the weight and restriction of heavy clothing, (b) the high-protein diet, (c) the difficulty imposed by the terrain, (d) the intensity of the subjects' response to the cold.5. Daily weight changes were significantly related to climatic conditions.6. Daily weight changes were significantly related to fluid intakes, but it was not possible to assess with certainty the contribution made by dehydration to the recorded weight loss.7. Daily fluctuations in weight were greater than those previously found under more standard conditions.

scholarly journals Is activation of human brown adipose tissue a viable target for weight management?

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. R479-R483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara L. Marlatt ◽  
Kong Y. Chen ◽  
Eric Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

To date, human studies show that brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes a small yet highly variable amount to overall energy expenditure. No studies have shown a decrease in body weight with cold-induced BAT activation, and existing pharmacological studies suggest that BAT activation via the sympathetic nervous system may result in increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, even though the amount and/or activity of BAT have been shown to vary with seasons, such variation does not seem to be translated into weight changes. Collectively, these findings do not support the use of BAT activation for weight loss in humans; however, the potential role of BAT in counteracting the metabolic adaptation observed with weight loss is suggested. Although the role of BAT in weight control is currently unsubstantiated, BAT may play a role in improving insulin sensitivity in humans.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Post-Weaning Diet and Maternal Obesity on Mouse Liver and Brain Metabolomes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572
Author(s):  
Sofiane Safi-Stibler ◽  
Etienne A. Thévenot ◽  
Luc Jouneau ◽  
Mélanie Jouin ◽  
Alexandre Seyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Impact

Nutritional changes during developmental windows are of particular concern in offspring metabolic disease. Questions are emerging concerning the role of maternal weight changes before conception, particularly for weight loss, in the development of diet-related disorders. Understanding the physiological pathways affected by the maternal trajectories in the offspring is therefore essential, but a broad overview is still lacking. We recently reported both metabolic and behavioral negative outcomes in offspring born to obese or weight-loss mothers and fed a control of high-fat diet, suggesting long-term modeling of metabolic pathways needing to be further characterized. Using non-targeted LC–HRMS, we investigated the impact of maternal and post-weaning metabolic status on the adult male offspring’s metabolome in three tissues involved in energy homeostasis: liver, hypothalamus and olfactory bulb. We showed that post-weaning diet interfered with the abundance of several metabolites, including 1,5-anhydroglucitol, saccharopine and β-hydroxybutyrate, differential in the three tissues. Moreover, maternal diet had a unique impact on the abundance of two metabolites in the liver. Particularly, anserine abundance, lowered by maternal obesity, was normalized by a preconceptional weight loss, whatever the post-weaning diet. This study is the first to identify a programming long-term effect of maternal preconception obesity on the offspring metabolome.

Potential Uses of Vinegar as a Medicine and Related in vivo Mechanisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali ◽  
Zhenbin Wang ◽  
Rai Muhammad Amir ◽  
Shoaib Younas ◽  
Asif Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Positive Effect

While the use of vinegar to fi ght against infections and other crucial conditions dates back to Hippocrates, recent research has found that vinegar consumption has a positive effect on biomarkers for diabetes, cancer, and heart diseases. Different types of vinegar have been used in the world during different time periods. Vinegar is produced by a fermentation process. Foods with a high content of carbohydrates are a good source of vinegar. Review of the results of different studies performed on vinegar components reveals that the daily use of these components has a healthy impact on the physiological and chemical structure of the human body. During the era of Hippocrates, people used vinegar as a medicine to treat wounds, which means that vinegar is one of the ancient foods used as folk medicine. The purpose of the current review paper is to provide a detailed summary of the outcome of previous studies emphasizing the role of vinegar in treatment of different diseases both in acute and chronic conditions, its in vivo mechanism and the active role of different bacteria.

The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (02) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Kelsey ◽  
K J Stevenson ◽  
L Poller
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Phosphatidyl Serine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Lupus Anticoagulants ◽  
Different Types

SummaryLiposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition.The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant’s effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.

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