Biotinylation of cell surface MHC molecules: A complementary tool for the study of MHC class II polymorphism in cattle

Introduction: Peptides obtained by processing intracellular and extracellular antigens are presented to T cells to stimulate the immune response. This presentation is made by peptide receptors called major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The regulation mechanisms of MHC molecules, which have similar roles in the immune response, especially at the gene level, have significant differences according to their class. Objective: Class I and class II MHC molecules encoded by MHC genes on the short arm of the sixth chromosome are peptide receptors that stimulate T cell response. These peptides, which will enable the recognition of the antigen from which they originate, are loaded into MHC molecules and presented to T cells. Although the principles of loading and delivering peptides are similar for both molecules, the peptide sources and peptide loading mechanisms are different. In addition, class I molecules are expressed in all nucleated cells while class II molecules are expressed only in Antigen Presentation Cells (APC). These differences; It shows that MHC class I is not expressed by exactly the same transcriptional mechanisms as MHC class II. In our article, we aimed to compare the gene expressions of both classes and reveal their similarities and differences. Discussion and Conclusion: A better understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms of MHC molecules will reveal the role of these molecules in diseases more clearly. In our review, we discussed MHC gene regulation mechanisms with presence of existing informations, which is specific to the MHC class, for contribute to future research. Keywords: MHC class I, MHC class II, MHC gene regulation, promoter, SXY module, transcription

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CD1 and Major Histocompatibility Complex II Molecules Follow a Different Course during Dendritic Cell Maturation

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e02-11-0744 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 3378-3388 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Nicole N. van der Wel ◽

Masahiko Sugita ◽

Donna M. Fluitsma ◽

Xaiochun Cao ◽

Gerty Schreibelt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Dendritic Cell Maturation ◽

Cell Maturation ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Histocompatibility Complex

The maturation of dendritic cells is accompanied by the redistribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules from the lysosomal MHC class II compartment to the plasma membrane to mediate presentation of peptide antigens. Besides MHC molecules, dendritic cells also express CD1 molecules that mediate presentation of lipid antigens. Herein, we show that in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells, unlike MHC class II, the steady-state distribution of lysosomal CD1b and CD1c isoforms was unperturbed in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced maturation. However, the lysosomes in these cells underwent a dramatic reorganization into electron dense tubules with altered lysosomal protein composition. These structures matured into novel and morphologically unique compartments, here termed mature dendritic cell lysosomes (MDL). Furthermore, we show that upon activation mature dendritic cells do not lose their ability of efficient clathrin-mediated endocytosis as demonstrated for CD1b and transferrin receptor molecules. Thus, the constitutive endocytosis of CD1b molecules and the differential sorting of MHC class II from lysosomes separate peptide- and lipid antigen-presenting molecules during dendritic cell maturation.

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Lymphoid Tumors ofXenopus laeviswith Different Capacities for Growth in Larvae and Adults

Developmental Immunology ◽

10.1155/1994/37392 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Jacques Robert ◽

Chantal Guiet ◽

Louis Du Pasquier

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Tumor Cell ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Mhc Class I ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Cell Lineage ◽

Cell Types ◽

Class Ii ◽

Class I ◽

Specific Marker

Three new lymphoid tumors offering an assortment of variants in terms of MHC class I expressions, MHC class II expression, and Ig gene transcription have been discovered in the amphibianXenopus. One was developed in an individual of the isogenic LG15 clone (LG15/0), one in a frog of the LG15/40 clone (derived from a small egg recombinant of LG15), and one (ff-2) in a maleffsib of the individual in which MAR1, the first lymphoid tumor in Xenopus was found 2 years ago. These tumors developed primarily as thymus outgrowths and were transplantable in histocompatible tadpoles but not in nonhistocompatible hosts. Whereas LG15/0 and LG15/40 tumor cells also grow in adult LG15 frogs, theff-2 tumor, like the MAR1 cell line, is rejected by adultffanimals. Using flow cytometry with fluorescence-labeled antibodies and immunoprecipitation analysis, we could demonstrate that, like MAR1, these three new tumors express on their cell surface lymphopoietic markers recognized by mAbs FIF6 and RC47, as well as T-cell lineage markers recognized by mAbs AM22 (CD8-1ike) and X21.2, but not by immunologobulin (Ig) nor MHC class II molecules. Another lymphocyte-specific marker AM15 is expressed by 15/0 and 15/40 but notff-2 tumor cells. Theff-2 tumor cell expresses MHC class molecule in association withβ2-microglobulin on the surface, 15/40 cells contain cytoplasmic Iαchain that is barely detected at the cell surface by fluocytometry, and 15/0 cells do not synthesize class Iαchain at all. The three new tumors all produce large amounts of IgM mRNA of two different sizes but no Ig protein on the membrane nor in the cytoplasm. All tumor cell types synthesize large amount of Myc mRNA and MHC class I-like transcripts considered to be non classical.

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Expression of the CD11/CD18 cell surface adhesion glycoprotein family and MHC class II antigen on blood monocytes and alveolar macrophages in interstitial lung diseases

Lung ◽

10.1007/bf00174119 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 170 (4) ◽

pp. 221-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Henk C. Hoogsteden ◽

Peter Th. W. van Hal ◽

Johanna M. Wijkhuijs ◽

Wim Hop ◽

Chris Hilveringi

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Class Ii ◽

Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽

Blood Monocytes ◽

Surface Adhesion ◽

Class Ii Antigen ◽

Mhc Class Ii Antigen

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Modulation of Major Histocompatibility Class II Protein Expression by Varicella-Zoster Virus

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.74.4.1900-1907.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 1900-1907 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Allison Abendroth ◽

Barry Slobedman ◽

Eunice Lee ◽

Elizabeth Mellins ◽

Mark Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Varicella Zoster Virus ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Class Ii ◽

Northern Blot Hybridization ◽

Major Histocompatibility ◽

Varicella Zoster ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

In Cells

ABSTRACT We sought to investigate the effects of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection on gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-stimulated expression of cell surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on human fibroblasts. IFN-γ treatment induced cell surface MHC class II expression on 60 to 86% of uninfected cells, compared to 20 to 30% of cells which had been infected with VZV prior to the addition of IFN-γ. In contrast, cells that were treated with IFN-γ before VZV infection had profiles of MHC class II expression similar to those of uninfected cell populations. Neither IFN-γ treatment nor VZV infection affected the expression of transferrin receptor (CD71). In situ and Northern blot hybridization of MHC II (MHC class II DR-α) RNA expression in response to IFN-γ stimulation revealed that MHC class II DR-α mRNA accumulated in uninfected cells but not in cells infected with VZV. When skin biopsies of varicella lesions were analyzed by in situ hybridization, MHC class II transcripts were detected in areas around lesions but not in cells that were infected with VZV. VZV infection inhibited the expression of Stat 1α and Jak2 proteins but had little effect on Jak1. Analysis of regulatory events in the IFN-γ signaling pathway showed that VZV infection inhibited transcription of interferon regulatory factor 1 and the MHC class II transactivator. This is the first report that VZV encodes an immunomodulatory function which directly interferes with the IFN-γ signal transduction via the Jak/Stat pathway and enables the virus to inhibit IFN-γ induction of cell surface MHC class II expression. This inhibition of MHC class II expression on VZV-infected cells in vivo may transiently protect cells from CD4+ T-cell immune surveillance, facilitating local virus replication and transmission during the first few days of cutaneous lesion formation.

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MHC class II engagement inhibits CD99-induced apoptosis and up-regulation of T cell receptor and MHC molecules in human thymocytes and T cell line

FEBS Letters ◽

10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00567-2 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 546 (2-3) ◽

pp. 379-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Min Kyung Kim ◽

Yoon-La Choi ◽

Min Kyung Kim ◽

Seok-Hyung Kim ◽

Eun Young Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Cell Line ◽

T Cell Receptor ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Cell Receptor ◽

Class Ii ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Induced Apoptosis

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From transcription to cell surface expression, the induction of MHC class II I-Aα by interferon-γ in macrophages is regulated at different levels

Immunogenetics ◽

10.1007/s002510100312 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

pp. 136-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Martin Cullell-Young ◽

Marta Barrachina ◽

Carlos López-López ◽

Eduard Goñalons ◽

Jorge Lloberas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Surface Expression ◽

Class Ii ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Cell Surface Expression ◽

Different Levels

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Characterization of a renal tubular epithelial cell line which secretes the autologous target antigen of autoimmune experimental interstitial nephritis.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.107.4.1359 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 107 (4) ◽

pp. 1359-1368 ◽

Cited By ~ 207

Author(s):

T P Haverty ◽

C J Kelly ◽

W H Hines ◽

P S Amenta ◽

M Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Interstitial Nephritis ◽

Class Ii ◽

Target Antigen ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Epithelial Growth Factor ◽

Class Ii Mhc ◽

Epithelial Growth

Proximal tubular epithelial cells from mice which develop autoimmune interstitial nephritis were found to express the nephritogenic target antigen, 3M-1. Anti-3M-1 mAbs (alpha 3M-1-Ab) were used to positively select for 3M-1-secreting tubular epithelium and, after stabilization in culture, this new cell line (MCT) was examined for the production of several moieties important to either immune interactions or to the development of extracellular matrix. Alkaline phosphatase-staining MCT cells also express epithelial growth factor receptors with a Kd of 0.87 nM and an epithelial growth factor receptor constant (Ro) of 2.1 X 10(4) receptors/cell. MCT culture supernatants contain greater amounts of laminin, and types IV and V procollagens compared to types I and III procollagens, and growing MCT cells on type I collagen matrix causes them to preferentially secrete even more type IV and V procollagen. The 30,000-Mr 3M-1 antigen could be immunoprecipitated from biosynthetically labeled MCT cell supernatants with alpha 3M-1-Ab. An identical-sized moiety was isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from collagenase-solubilized mouse kidney tubular basement membranes. The 3M-1 antigen can be found on the MCT cell surface by radioimmunoassay, or deposited in a linear array in the extracellular matrix surrounding the MCT cells in culture by immunofluorescence. Mature messenger RNA species for both class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules were detected by Northern hybridization, and their corresponding cell surface gene products were detected by cytofluorography of MCT cells stained with haplotype-specific antibodies. Both the cell surface 3M-1 and the small amounts of detected class II MHC molecules appear to be biologically functional, as MCT cells can support the proliferation of 3M-1-specific, class II MHC-restricted helper T cells in culture. These findings suggest that MCT cells provide all the necessary biological parameters for interfacing both as the target of a nephritogenic immune response, and as a potential source for new extracellular matrix which develops as a fibrogenic response to interstitial nephritis.

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Polarized Expression of CD74 by Gastric Epithelial Cells

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1369/jhc.4a6552.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1481-1489 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Carlos A. Barrera ◽

Ellen J. Beswick ◽

Johanna C. Sierra ◽

David Bland ◽

Rosario Espejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Mhc Class Ii ◽

Cell Biology ◽

Constitutive Expression ◽

Class Ii ◽

Protein Isoforms ◽

Apical Surface ◽

Gastric Epithelial Cells ◽

Mhc Molecules ◽

Class Ii Mhc

CD74 is known as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-associated invariant chain (Ii) that regulates the cell biology and functions of MHC class II molecules. Class II MHC and Ii expression was believed to be restricted to classical antigen-presenting cells (APC); however, during inflammation, other cell types, including mucosal epithelial cells, have also been reported to express class II MHC molecules. Given the importance of Ii in the biology of class II MHC, we sought to examine the expression of Ii by gastric epithelial cells (GEC) to determine whether class II MHC molecules in these nonconventional APC cells were under the control of Ii and to further support the role that these cells may play in local immune and inflammatory responses during Helicobacter pylori infection. Thus we examined the expression of Ii on GEC from human biopsy samples and then confirmed this observation using independent methods on several GEC lines. The mRNA for Ii was detected by RT-PCR, and the various protein isoforms were also detected. Interestingly, these cells have a high level expression of surface Ii, which is polarized to the apical surface. These studies are the first to demonstrate the constitutive expression of Ii by human GEC.

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