Human rRNA transcription is modulated by the coordinate binding of two factors to an upstream control element

Cell ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.Marc Learned ◽  
Tammy K. Learned ◽  
Michelle M. Haltiner ◽  
Robert T. Tjian
Keyword(s):  
Control Element ◽  
Rrna Transcription ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Upstream Control

scholarly journals Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sof1p Associates with 35S Pre-rRNA Independent from U3 snoRNA and Rrp5p

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Bax ◽  
Harmjan R. Vos ◽  
Hendrik A. Raué ◽  
Jan C. Vos
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Early Cleavage ◽  
Ribosomal Subunits ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
U3 Snorna ◽  
Rrna Transcription ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Precursor Rna ◽  
A Site

ABSTRACT Sof1p is a trans-acting protein that is essential for biogenesis of the 40S ribosomal subunits in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Because of its involvement in the early cleavage steps of precursor rRNA, its interaction with Nop1p and its ability to coprecipitate U3 snoRNA, Sof1p has so far been regarded as a protein that is specific to the U3 snoRNP. To determine whether a site exists within U3 snoRNA with which Sof1p directly or indirectly associates, we studied the ability of ProtA-tagged Sof1p to coimmunoprecipitate mutant versions of U3 snoRNA. None of the tested mutations had a significant effect on the recovery of mutant U3 from cell extracts. Further coimmunoprecipitation experiments, using cells that could be genetically depleted for either Sof1p or U3 snoRNA demonstrated that the two factors associate independently of each other with the 35S precursor RNA. Indeed, association between Sof1p and U3 snoRNA was abolished in cells in which 35S pre-rRNA transcription was blocked. Finally, we found that an overall reduction in the levels of box C/D snoRNPs by genetic depletion of the common Nop58p protein did not affect coprecipitation of 35S pre-rRNA by Sof1p. From these data, we conclude that Sof1p does not assemble into the 90S preribosome as part of the U3, or any other box C/D, snoRNP. The early and independently assembling trans-acting factor Rrp5p also proved to be dispensable for assembly of Sof1p.

P–528 rDNA methylation of human oocytes of women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) increases with maternal age

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Trapphoff ◽  
S Dieterle ◽  
R Potabattula ◽  
T Haaf
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Core Promoter ◽  
Methylation Pattern ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Human Oocytes ◽  
Nucleolar Activity ◽  
Upstream Control

Abstract Study question Is there a correlation between the age of women undergoing ICSI and methylation pattern of rDNA core promoter and upstream control element in immature human oocytes? Summary answer Methylation levels of the upstream control element and the rDNA core promoter in immature human oocytes increase with age of women undergoing ICSI. What is known already Methylation of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) in germ cells regulates temporary and spatially highly coordinated nucleolar activity, cellular metabolism, and thus developmental potential of the early embryo. Alterations of methylation pattern may therefore cause dysregulation of genes and signal cascades resulting in limited fertility. It has been shown that the methylation of sperm rDNA increases with the donor’s age. The positive correlation between sperm rDNA methylation and age has been conserved among mammals during evolution including humans and mice. In contrast to sperm, little is known about the methylome of human oocytes and its role in human reproduction. Study design, size, duration Consecutive women undergoing ICSI because of male subfertility were included. Patients with endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian, uterine or breast cancer, as well as patients with an anti-Mullerian hormone level <1ng/ml were excluded. Immature oocytes (germinal vesicle; GV) collected during oocyte pick-up at the Fertility Centre Dortmund between 2018 and 2020 were examined. Participants/materials, setting, methods Cumulus-free GV oocytes which were not usable for ICSI were rinsed in phosphate buffer and stored at –20 °C until further investigation. Multiplex-PCR followed by singleplex-PCRs were carried out on the rDNA core promoter and upstream control element. Methylation levels were quantified by bisulphite pyrosequencing. Two oppositely imprinted genes (hPEG3 and hGTL2) were used as controls to ensure correct amplification and bisulphite conversion. Spearman’s-rank-order-correlation and Mann-Whitney-U-Test were used for statistical analysis. Main results and the role of chance For each GV oocyte, nine different Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) were quantified by bisulphite pyrosequencing for the rDNA core promoter and 26 different CpGs for the upstream control element (UCE). 120 human single oocytes from 60 women were analyzed. Connected statistical analysis was used if one patient had more than one oocyte. The age of the included women ranged from 26 to 40 years (mean±SD 33.5±3.2). Only oocytes which showed a correct methylation pattern for at least one imprinting control gene (hPEG3 and hGTL2) were considered for analysis. Mean methylation level ranged from 2–31% (mean±SD 8.7±5.5) of the analyzed CpGs for the rDNA core promoter and from 3–36% (mean±SD 11.4±7.1) CpGs for UCE. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed that the methylation levels of the human oocyte rDNA core promoter and rDNA UCE significantly increased with the age of the donor (p < 0.05). Correlation coefficient for rDNA core promoter was r = 0.22 and for upstream control element r = 0.21. It is also interesting to note that different oocytes from the same donors can display enormous methylation variation. Regarding clinical parameters, no correlation was observed between the methylation pattern of the rDNA core promoter or UCE and the body mass index or smoking status, respectively. Limitations, reasons for caution Limitations of this study include difficulties in extrapolating the findings to the general population, because no data of women not undergoing ICSI are available. Only GV-oocytes were analyzed. Additional research is needed to clarify the effect of different methylation pattern with increasing female age and its role in human reproduction. Wider implications of the findings: We propose that the increase of rDNA methylation in male and female germ cells with advanced age directly or indirectly influences the regulation of nucleolar activity, cellular metabolism, and thus the developmental potential of the early embryo. This age-dependent epigenetic effect may result in decreased human fertility. Trial registration number NCT03565107

Slow Down You’re Moving Too Fast

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Lang ◽  
Nancy Schwartz ◽  
Sharon Mayell
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Difference

The study reported here compared how younger and older adults processed the same set of media messages which were selected to vary on two factors, arousing content and valence. Results showed that older and younger adults had similar arousal responses but different patterns of attention and memory. Older adults paid more attention to all messages than did younger adults. However, this attention did not translate into greater memory. Older and younger adults had similar levels of memory for slow-paced messages, but younger adults outperformed older adults significantly as pacing increased, and the difference was larger for arousing compared with calm messages. The differences found are in line with predictions made based on the cognitive-aging literature.

Effects of an Anxiety-Specific Psychometric Factor on Fear Conditioning and Fear Generalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baumann ◽  
Miriam A. Schiele ◽  
Martin J. Herrmann ◽  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Peter Zwanzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
High Anxious ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Fear Generalization

Abstract. Conditioning and generalization of fear are assumed to play central roles in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Here we investigate the influence of a psychometric anxiety-specific factor on these two processes, thus try to identify a potential risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders. To this end, 126 healthy participants were examined with questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression and with a fear conditioning and generalization paradigm. A principal component analysis of the questionnaire data identified two factors representing the constructs anxiety and depression. Variations in fear conditioning and fear generalization were solely associated with the anxiety factor characterized by anxiety sensitivity and agoraphobic cognitions; high-anxious individuals exhibited stronger fear responses (arousal) during conditioning and stronger generalization effects for valence and UCS-expectancy ratings. Thus, the revealed psychometric factor “anxiety” was associated with enhanced fear generalization, an assumed risk factor for anxiety disorders. These results ask for replication with a longitudinal design allowing to examine their predictive validity.

Studies on the Characterization of Factor VIII and a Co-factor VIII

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 328-338
Author(s):  
M. M. P Paulssen ◽  
H. L. M. A Vandenbussche-Scheffers ◽  
P. B Spaan ◽  
T de Jong ◽  
M. C Planje
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Polysaccharide Content ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Two Factors

SummaryFactor VIII occurs in the body in two different forms. In lymph factor VIII is bound to chylomicra. In plasma, factor VIII is bound to a protein.After delipidation of chylomicra we obtained a glycoprotein with a high polysaccharide content and a molecular weight of approx. 160,000.In plasma, factor VIII is attached to a protein which is present in normal concentrations in plasma of patients with haemophilia A and in serum (co-factor VIII).This factor is deficient in both the plasma and the serum of patients with von Willebrand’s disease.The binding between factor VIII and co-factor VIII is reversible.Some properties of these two factors are described.

The Fractionation Properties of Human Factor VIII (Antihaemophilic Factor)

1960 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Human Factor Viii ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Thromboplastic Activity

SummaryThe fractionation properties of human Factor VIII (antihaemophilic factor, AHF, antihaemophilic globulin) have been studied using a plasma of congenital afibrinogenaemia as a starting material.From a fibrinogen-free plasma, Factor VIII does not precipitate with ethanol at a final concentration of 8%; on the contrary the maximum yield is reached at an ethanol concentration of 25%.With a precipitation method carried out by a one to ten dilution of plasma with distilled water and acidification by N/10 hydrochloric acid to a pFI 5.2, Factor VIII does not precipitate with the euglobulin fraction; when normal plasma is used, such a precipitation is almost complete.With the salting-out fractionation method by ammonium sulphate, Factor VIII precipitates at a concentration between 25 and 33% of saturation either from fibrinogen-free and from normal human plasma.A non-specific thromboplastic activity appears in the fractions prepared by every method. This activity, which is probably due to the activation of seric accelerators, is easily removed by Al(OH)s adsorption. Thus, in order to insure the specificity of Factor VIII assays, the preliminary adsorption of the fractions is indispensable before testing their antihaemophilic activity.Fibrinogen and Factor VIII have different and definite precipitation patterns. When these two factors are associated the fractionation properties of AHF appear quite modified, showing a close similarity to those of fibrinogen. This fact can explain the technical difficulties encountered in the attempt to purify the antihaemophilic factor, and the lack of reproducible procedures for removing fibrinogen without affecting Factor VII.

Factors Influencing the Separation of Glu-Plasminogen Affinity Forms I and II by Affinity Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan W Traas ◽  
Bep Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
Willem Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryNative human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E. C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine.

ROLE OF ADDED PHOSPHOGYPSUM AND HUMIC ACIDS IN THE KINETIC RELEASE OF SALT FROM SALT AFFECTED SOIL (SALINE – SODIC)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Salt Affected Soil ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dissolved Ions ◽  
Kinetic Release

In order to study the effect of phosphogypsum and humic acids in the kinetic release of salt from salt-affected soil, a laboratory experiment was conducted in which columns made from solid polyethylene were 60.0 cm high and 7.1 cm in diameter. The columns were filled with soil so that the depth of the soil was 30 cm inside the column, the experiment included two factors, the first factor was phosphogypsum and was added at levels 0, 5, 10 and 15 tons ha-1 and the second-factor humic acids were added at levels 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 by mixing them with the first 5 cm of column soil and one repeater per treatment. The continuous leaching method was used by using an electrolytic well water 2.72 dS m-1. Collect the leachate daily and continue the leaching process until the arrival of the electrical conductivity of the filtration of leaching up to 3-5 dS m-1. The electrical conductivity and the concentration of positive dissolved ions (Ca, Mg, Na) were estimated in leachate and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was calculated. The results showed that the best equation for describing release kinetics of the salts and sodium adsorption ratio in soil over time is the diffusion equation. Increasing the level of addition of phosphogypsum and humic acids increased the constant release velocity (K) of salts and the sodium adsorption ratio. The interaction between phosphogypsum and humic acids was also affected by the constant release velocity of salts and the sodium adsorption ratio. The constant release velocity (K) of the salts and the sodium adsorption ratio at any level of addition of phosphogypsum increased with the addition of humic acids. The highest salts release rate was 216.57 in PG3HA3, while the lowest rate was 149.48 in PG0HA0. The highest release rate of sodium adsorption ratio was 206.09 in PG3HA3, while the lowest rate was 117.23 in PG0HA0.

Penerapan Rinfo Sebagai Media Pendukung Untuk Proses Pembelajaran Pada Perguruan Tinggi Raharja

CCIT Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Untung Rahardja ◽  
Khanna Tiara ◽  
Ray Indra Taufik Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Civilizing Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Life Education ◽  
New Generation

Education is an important factor in human life. According to Ki Hajar Dewantara, education is a civilizing process that a business gives high values ??to the new generation in a society that is not only maintenance but also with a view to promote and develop the culture of the nobility toward human life. Education is a human investment that can be used now and in the future. One other important factor in supporting human life in addition to education, which is technology. In this globalization era, technology has touched every joint of human life. The combination of these two factors will be a new innovation in the world of education. The innovation has been implemented by Raharja College, namely the use of the method iLearning (Integrated Learning) in the learning process. Where such learning has been online based. ILearning method consists of TPI (Ten Pillars of IT iLearning). Rinfo is one of the ten pillars, where it became an official email used by the whole community’s in Raharja College to communicate with each other. Rinfo is Gmail, which is adapted from the Google platform with typical raharja.info as its domain. This Rinfo is a medium of communication, as well as a tool to support the learning process in Raharja College. Because in addition to integrated with TPi, this Rinfo was connected also support with other learning tools, such as Docs, Drive, Sites, and other supporting tools.

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