Optometric correlates of Meares—Irlen Syndrome: a matched group study

An attempt was made to identify the empirical correlates of an MMPI configuration involving Scales 4 (Pd), 5 (Mf), and 6 (Pa) in a sample of 21 female psychiatric outpatients. Two sets of comparisons were derived. In the first comparison, 21 4-5-6 and control patients were matched on age and contrasted on selected behavioral and self-report measures. Results suggested that 4-5-6 patients displayed greater ambivalence, depression, and lack of social skills than control patients. In the second comparison, 18 4-5-6 and control females were matched on profile similarity (excluding Scales 4, 5, and 6) using the D2 procedure and then compared on various behavioral and self-report measures. This comparison showed fewer and somewhat different (indecision, need for affection) correlates relative to the age-matched group. These findings are discussed in terms of implementing appropriate procedures when defining control groups for the study of MMPI profile patterns.

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Skydivers: Speculations of Psychodynamcs

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.47.2.629 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 629-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thomas O. Hoover

Keyword(s):

Matched Group ◽

Personality Theories

An attempt was made to construct a composite profile for skydivers, but there were no statistically significant differences between a matched group of controls and skydivers. Some of the more popular personality theories regarding the dynamics of skydiving were reviewed.

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Children With Cochlear Implants Use Semantic Prediction to Facilitate Spoken Word Recognition

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00319 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Christina Blomquist ◽

Rochelle S. Newman ◽

Yi Ting Huang ◽

Jan Edwards

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Target Word ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Language Processing ◽

Spoken Word Recognition ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Spoken Word ◽

Semantic Cues ◽

Matched Group ◽

Spoken Language Processing

Purpose Children with cochlear implants (CIs) are more likely to struggle with spoken language than their age-matched peers with normal hearing (NH), and new language processing literature suggests that these challenges may be linked to delays in spoken word recognition. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children with CIs use language knowledge via semantic prediction to facilitate recognition of upcoming words and help compensate for uncertainties in the acoustic signal. Method Five- to 10-year-old children with CIs heard sentences with an informative verb ( draws ) or a neutral verb ( gets ) preceding a target word ( picture ). The target referent was presented on a screen, along with a phonologically similar competitor ( pickle ). Children's eye gaze was recorded to quantify efficiency of access of the target word and suppression of phonological competition. Performance was compared to both an age-matched group and vocabulary-matched group of children with NH. Results Children with CIs, like their peers with NH, demonstrated use of informative verbs to look more quickly to the target word and look less to the phonological competitor. However, children with CIs demonstrated less efficient use of semantic cues relative to their peers with NH, even when matched for vocabulary ability. Conclusions Children with CIs use semantic prediction to facilitate spoken word recognition but do so to a lesser extent than children with NH. Children with CIs experience challenges in predictive spoken language processing above and beyond limitations from delayed vocabulary development. Children with CIs with better vocabulary ability demonstrate more efficient use of lexical-semantic cues. Clinical interventions focusing on building knowledge of words and their associations may support efficiency of spoken language processing for children with CIs. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14417627

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Educational implications of Meares-Irlen syndrome

British Journal of School Nursing ◽

10.12968/bjsn.2011.6.4.182 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 182-187

Author(s):

Elaine Crabtree

Keyword(s):

Irlen Syndrome ◽

Educational Implications

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Visual Patterns in Reading Tasks: An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Meares-Irlen Syndrome Simulation Effects

10.5753/wvc.2019.7641 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

João Vitor Macedo Romera ◽

Rafael Nobre Orsi ◽

Rodrigo Filev Maia ◽

Carlos Eduardo Thomaz

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Cognitive System ◽

Visual Patterns ◽

Irlen Syndrome ◽

Visual Stress ◽

Reading Patterns

This work investigates reading patterns based on effects of the Meares-Irlen Syndrome (SMI), a visual-perception deﬁcit that affects indirectly our cognitive system. The most common symptoms related to SMI in reading tasks are visual stress, sensation of moving letters and distortions in the text. These effects have been computationally simulated here and using eye-tracking information of a number of participants we have been able to linearly classify each effects with high accuracy.

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Symbol Digit Modalities Test Variant in a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.18160 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pim van Oirschot ◽

Marco Heerings ◽

Karine Wendrich ◽

Bram den Teuling ◽

Marijn B Martens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Construct Validity ◽

Validation Study ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Study Participant ◽

Smartphone App ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Matched Group ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Study Participants

BACKGROUND The decline of cognitive processing speed (CPS) is a common dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is widely used to formally quantify CPS. We implemented a variant of the SDMT in MS sherpa, a smartphone app for persons with MS. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the MS sherpa smartphone variant of the SDMT (sSDMT). METHODS We performed a validation study with 25 persons with relapsing-remitting MS and 79 healthy control (HC) subjects. In the HC group, 21 subjects were matched to the persons with MS with regard to age, gender, and education and they followed the same assessment schedule as the persons with MS (the “HC matched” group) and 58 subjects had a less intense assessment schedule to determine reference values (the “HC normative” group). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined between the paper-and-pencil SDMT and its smartphone variant (sSDMT) on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart. Other ICCs were determined for test-retest reliability, which were derived from 10 smartphone tests per study participant, with 3 days in between each test. Seven study participants with MS were interviewed regarding their experiences with the sSDMT. RESULTS The SDMT scores were on average 12.06% higher than the sSDMT scores, with a standard deviation of 10.68%. An ICC of 0.838 was found for the construct validity of the sSDMT in the combined analysis of persons with MS and HC subjects. Average ICCs for test-retest reliability of the sSDMT for persons with MS, the HC matched group, and the HC normative group were 0.874, 0.857, and 0.867, respectively. The practice effect was significant between the first and the second test of the persons with MS and the HC matched group and trivial for all other test-retests. The interviewed study participants expressed a positive attitude toward the sSDMT, but they also discussed the importance of adapting a smartphone cognition test in accordance with the needs of the individual persons with MS. CONCLUSIONS The high correlation between sSDMT and the conventional SDMT scores indicates a very good construct validity. Similarly, high correlations underpin a very good test-retest reliability of the sSDMT. We conclude that the sSDMT has the potential to be used as a tool to monitor CPS in persons with MS, both in clinical studies and in clinical practice.

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STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIBODY TITERS IN SYDENHAM'S CHOREA

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.38.6.946 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 946-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elia M. Ayoub ◽

Lewis W. Wannamaker

Keyword(s):

Streptococcal Infection ◽

Potential Usefulness ◽

Nicotinamide Adenine ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Percentage ◽

Matched Group ◽

Sydenham’S Chorea ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Sydenham's Chorea ◽

Antibody Tests

Antistreptolysin O (ASO), anti-desoxyribonuclease B (anti-DNAse B), and anti-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidase (anti-NADase) titers were determined on patients with Sydenham's chorea and a matched group of controls. For each of the antibodies studied, elevated titers were found in a significant percentage of patients with chorea as compared with control individuals. This finding was also true of patients with "pure chorea" on whom antibody titers were performed within 6 months of the onset of choreic symptoms. Ten of 30 such patients failed to show an elevated ASO titer. Four of these were found to have markedly elevated anti-DNAse B titers. Elevation of two or more antibody tests, which is highly suggestive of recent streptococcal infection, was found in the majority (63%) of patients with pure chorea seen within 6 months as compared with the control group (10%). The practical and potential usefulness of multiple streptococcal antibody tests in patients with pure Sydenham's chorea is discussed.

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Disease Prevention Not Decolonization: A Model for Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients Colonized With Multidrug-resistant Organisms

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa948 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rohma Ghani ◽

Benjamin H Mullish ◽

Julie A K McDonald ◽

Anan Ghazy ◽

Horace R T Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Matched Group ◽

Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽

Antibiotic Duration

Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) yields variable intestinal decolonization results for multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This study showed significant reductions in antibiotic duration, bacteremia, and length of stay in 20 patients colonized/infected with MDRO receiving FMT (compared with pre-FMT history, and a matched group not receiving FMT), despite modest decolonization rates.

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The Role of Post-Ingestive Feedback in the Development of an Enhanced Appetite for the Orosensory Properties of Glucose over Fructose in Rats

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030807 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 807 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kevin P. Myers ◽

Megan Y. Summers ◽

Elizabeth Geyer-Roberts ◽

Lindsey A. Schier

Keyword(s):

Taste Receptor ◽

Glucose Consumption ◽

Sweet Taste ◽

Taste Quality ◽

Sensory Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

Sensory Property ◽

Matched Group ◽

Group A

The simple sugars glucose and fructose share a common “sweet” taste quality mediated by the T1R2+T1R3 taste receptor. However, when given the opportunity to consume each sugar, rats learn to affectively discriminate between glucose and fructose on the basis of cephalic chemosensory cues. It has been proposed that glucose has a unique sensory property that becomes more hedonically positive through learning about the relatively more rewarding post-ingestive effects that are associated with glucose as compared to fructose. We tested this theory using intragastric (IG) infusions to manipulate the post-ingestive consequences of glucose and fructose consumption. Food-deprived rats with IG catheters repeatedly consumed multiple concentrations of glucose and fructose in separate sessions. For rats in the “Matched” group, each sugar was accompanied by IG infusion of the same sugar. For the “Mismatched” group, glucose consumption was accompanied by IG fructose, and vice versa. This condition gave rats orosensory experience with each sugar but precluded the differential post-ingestive consequences. Following training, avidity for each sugar was assessed in brief access and licking microstructure tests. The Matched group displayed more positive evaluation of glucose relative to fructose than the Mismatched group. A second experiment used a different concentration range and compared responses of the Matched and Mismatched groups to a control group kept naïve to the orosensory properties of sugar. Consistent with results from the first experiment, the Matched group, but not the Mismatched or Control group, displayed elevated licking responses to glucose. These experiments yield additional evidence that glucose and fructose have discriminable sensory properties and directly demonstrate that their different post-ingestive effects are responsible for the experience-dependent changes in the motivation for glucose versus fructose.

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