In vitro screening of the world apple germplasm collection for resistance to Phytophthora cactorum crown rot

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Utkhede
Keyword(s):  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
The World

Phytophthora crown rot of Florida Strawberry: Inoculum Sources and Thermotherapy of Transplants for Disease Management

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Silveira Baggio ◽  
Marcus Vinicius Marin ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Important Disease

Phytophthora crown rot, caused mainly by Phytophthora cactorum, and also by the recently reported P. nicotianae, is an important disease in the Florida strawberry annual production system. Mefenoxam is the most effective and widely used fungicide to manage this disease. However, due to pathogen resistance, alternatives to chemical control are needed. Phytophthora spp. were rarely recovered during the summer from soil of commercial farms where the disease was observed during the season. In a more detailed survey on research plots, neither of the two species was recovered one month after the crop was terminated and water was shut off. Therefore, Phytophthora spp. does not seem to survive in the soil over summer in Florida. In a field trial, asymptomatic nursery transplants harboring quiescent infections were confirmed as the major source of inoculum for these pathogens in Florida. Heat treatment of P. cactorum zoospores at 44oC for as little as 5 min was effective in inhibiting germination and colony formation; however, oospore germination was not inhibited by any of the tested temperatures in vitro. In the field, thermotherapy treatment of inoculated plants was shown to have great potential to serve as a non-chemical approach for managing Phytophthora crown rot in production fields and reducing mefenoxam-resistant populations in nursery transplants.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of fungicides against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz and Sacc. causing anthracnose of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2268-2272
Author(s):  
Devanshu Dev ◽  
T. Narendrappa
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
The World ◽  
Punica Granatum L

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a widely grown fruit in many regions of the world. Anthracnose of pomegranate is one of the limiting factor for low productivity and also the low market price. Therefore, the management of anthracnose disease is necessary. In this study new fungicide molecules are evaluated under in vitro condition against the mycelial growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In vitro screening of fungicides against C. gloeosporioides showed two combination product Hexaconazole + Zineb, Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole and a nonsystemic fungicide Captan showed cent percent inhibition at 100, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm concentration. Similarly, systemic fungicides Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Penconazole, Tebuconazole and Carbendazim showed cent percent mycelial inhibition at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentrations.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pathogenesis Caused by Phytophthora cactorum and DNA Analysis of the Strawberry-Resistant Microplants with ISSR Markers

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Wojciech Marecki ◽  
Jadwiga Żebrowska
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Selection Of

The soil pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cactorum causes the most dangerous diseases occurring in strawberry plantations—strawberry crown rot and leather rot. Modern biotechnology methods, e.g., in vitro culture selection and molecular diagnostics can be utilized in the selection of cultivars that are less susceptible or resistant to Phytophthora diseases. In this study, in vitro selection of four strawberry microclones: ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’, ‘Teresa’ and ‘Plena SVdT’ against Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) J. Schröt was carried out. Molecular analysis with inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers was also used to evaluate genetic similarity of the selected resistant plants. None of the analyzed microclones showed complete resistance to the selection factor, but there were plants in all tested microclones that survived the pressure of the pathogen. Results showed that susceptibility to this pathogenic fungus was significantly differentiated and depended on the microclone. The ‘Feltar’ microclone had the significantly lowest susceptibility to Phytophthora disease, followed by the microclones ‘Elsanta’ and ‘Teresa’ with significantly higher susceptibility. The ‘Plena SVdT’ microclone showed the highest susceptibility to Phytophthora disease. This differentiation was linked to the genetic similarity observed at deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level between the resistant plants selected from microclones. Cluster analysis revealed that microclones with similar susceptibility to phytophthorosis, i.e., ‘Elsanta’, ‘Feltar’ and ‘Teresa’, appeared to be genetically similar. The microclone ‘Plena SVdT’ revealed a different course of phytophthorosis from the aforementioned microclones, being the least genetically similar to them.

scholarly journals Induced Resistance as a Possible Means to Control Diseases of Strawberry Caused by Phytophthora spp.

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Eikemo ◽  
A. Stensvand ◽  
A. M. Tronsmo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Disease Score ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Two putative elicitors of disease resistance (acibenzolar-S-methyl and chitosan) were tested for their effect on crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) in strawberry. The effect of both compounds was enhanced when the time between treatment and inoculation was prolonged from 2 to 20 days. There were no significant differences between treatments when the concentration of acibenzolar-S-methyl was increased from 10 to 1,000 μg a.i./plant. The lowest tested concentrations of chitosan (10 and 50 μg a.i./plant) resulted in a lower disease score compared with the highest concentrations (250 or 1,000 μg a.i./plant). There were no differences in disease score between treatment with fosetyl-Al, acibenzolar-S-methyl, or chitosan when applied 5 or 15 days before inoculation. The effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl and chitosan also was tested against P. fragariae var. fragariae in alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca var. alpina cv. Alexandria). Chitosan had no effect, whereas fosetyl-Al and all treatments with acibenzolar-S-methyl (50 or 250 μg a.i./plant; 5, 10, 20, or 40 days before inoculation) reduced the severity of the disease. There were no significant differences between acibenzolar-S-methyl and fosetyl-Al when applied at the same time. Acibenzolar-S-methyl and chitosan at concentrations of 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 μg a.i. ml-1 in V8 juice agar were tested for possible effects on P. cactorum and P. fragariae var. fragariae in vitro. Only chitosan at concentrations of 50 and 500 μg a.i. ml-1 had a growth-retarding effect on P. cactorum. Both acibenzolar-S-methyl and chitosan at a concentration of 500 μg a.i. ml-1 reduced the growth rate of P. fragariae var. fragariae.

Antagonism of isolates of Bacillus subtilis to Phytophthora cactorum

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Utkhede
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Greenhouse Trial ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Twenty-one isolates of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis isolated from local and exotic sclerotia of Sclerotium cepivorum were tested on cornmeal agar (CMA) for antagonism to six isolates of Phytophthora cactorum, causal agent of apple crown rot. All bacterial isolates produced diffusible antibiotics antagonistic to growth of all P. cactorum isolates on CMA. Antagonists were further evaluated in a replicated greenhouse trial for their ability to control crown rot infection on McIntosh apple seedlings in sterile soil. Six isolates of B. subtilis provided statistically significant reductions of infection on McIntosh seedlings. No correlation was observed between width of inhibition zone in vitro and protection from P. cactorum infections in McIntosh apple seedlings in a greenhouse trial. Significant negative correlations were observed between percent seedling infection and root weight.

scholarly journals Antifungal Nanoformulation for Biocontrol of Tomato Root and Crown Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aravena ◽  
Ximena Besoain ◽  
Natalia Riquelme ◽  
Aldo Salinas ◽  
Miryam Valenzuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Tomato Root ◽  
Preventive Control ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
The World ◽  
Root And Crown Rot ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are the most cultivated and important vegetable crop in the world. These plants can wilt during crop growth due to fusarium wilt (fusariosis), a disease that damages tomato vascular systems. The Fusarium isolated and analyzed in this work correspond to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. The isolates were molecularly identified, and analysis was done on the in vitro effects of the nanoemulsions (previously obtained from extracts of Chilean medicinal plants of the genera Psoralea and Escallonia) to inhibit mycelial and conidial germination of the isolates. Subsequently, the nanoemulsions were evaluated under greenhouse conditions for preventive control of fusariosis in the root and crown, with high levels of disease control observed using the highest concentrations of these nanoemulsions, at 250 and 500 ppm.

Natural products from the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia: A potential lead for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1278-1285
Author(s):  
Mohamed Yafout ◽  
Amine Ousaid ◽  
Ibrahim Sbai El Otmani ◽  
Youssef Khayati ◽  
Amal Ait Haj Said
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Promising Source

The new SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviruses family has caused a pandemic affecting millions of people around the world. This pandemic has been declared by the World Health Organization as an international public health emergency. Although several clinical trials involving a large number of drugs are currently underway, no treatment protocol for COVID-19 has been officially approved so far. Here we demonstrate through a search in the scientific literature that the traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia, which includes more than 500 medicinal plants, is a fascinating and promising source for the research of natural molecules active against SARS-CoV-2. Multiple in-silico and in-vitro studies showed that some of the medicinal plants used by Moroccans for centuries possess inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2. These inhibitory activities are achieved through the different molecular mechanisms of virus penetration and replication, or indirectly through stimulation of immunity. Thus, the potential of plants, plant extracts and molecules derived from plants that are traditionally used in Morocco and have activity against SARS-CoV-2, could be explored in the search for a preventive or curative treatment against COVID-19. Furthermore, safe plants or plant extracts that are proven to stimulate immunity could be officially recommended by governments as nutritional supplements.

Treatment Options in COVID-19: The Role of Bioavailable Antiviral Ribonucleoside Analog on NHC in vitro

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Bittmann
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

On December 31, 2019, WHO was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan City, China. A novel coronavirus was identified as the cause by Chinese authorities on January 7, 2020 and was provisionally named "2019-nCoV". This new Coronavirus causes a clinical picture which has received now the name COVID-19. The virus has spread subsequently worldwide and was explained on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization to the pandemic.

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