Nutritive value of thermoammoniated and steam-treated maize stover. I. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen retention

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.I. Oji ◽  
D.N. Mowat
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Maize Stover

The nutritive value for ruminants of a complete processed diet based on barley straw

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Wainman ◽  
K. L. Blaxter ◽  
J. D. Pullar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Research Council ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Agricultural Research Council

SUMMARYCalorimetric experiments were made with a complete extruded diet for ruminants, ‘Ruminant Diet A’ prepared by Messrs U.K. Compound Feeds Ltd. Twelve determinations of energy and nitrogen retention were made using sheep and it was found that the diet had a metabolizable energy value of 2–32 kcal/g organic matter, and the net availabilities of its metabolizable energy were 42–7 % for fattening and 68–0 % for maintenance. These values agreed well with those predicted from equations published by the Agricultural Research Council. On a dry basis the starch equivalent was 38–3 %.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF RAPESEED FLOUR FOR MINK: EFFECTS ON LIVE PERFORMANCE, NUTRIENT UTILIZATION, THYROID FUNCTION AND PELT QUALITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BELZILE ◽  
L. S. POLIQUIN ◽  
J. D. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Iodine Level ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

A trial for testing the replacement value of rapeseed flour (RF) (blend of Brassica napus and campestris) for raw meat was conducted with growing-furring mink. The RF contained 67% crude protein and approximately 1/10 of the quantity of glucosinolates normally found in commercial meal. Forty male pastel mink were fed diets containing 0, 6.5, 13.4 and 20% RF (dry-matter basis) from the end of July to pelting. On a dry-matter basis, the diets contained approximately 41% protein and the percentages of protein as RF protein were 0, 4.3, 9 and 12.4. Initially, the animals ate significantly (P < 0.05) more feed and grew significantly (P < 0.05) faster on the 0 and 6.5% RF diets, but later, weight gain and feed consumption were the same for all groups (P > 0.05). After 70 days on trial, weight gain was less (P < 0.05) on the 20% RF diet compared with the 0 and 6.5% diets. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, gross energy and nitrogen, and in nitrogen retention for the mink receiving the diets containing 13.4 and 20% RF. Mink fed the 20% RF diet showed significant (P < 0.05) thyroid hypertrophy, but at slaughter serum protein-bound iodine level was the same (P > 0.05) for all groups. There was little difference among groups with respect to pelt size and pelt quality.

Fermentation kinetic, chemical composition, organic matter degradation and metabolisable energy of three non-cultivated pastures located in the central plateau of Mexico

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 92-92
Author(s):  
A A Rayas-Amor ◽  
P Dorward ◽  
T Rehman ◽  
F L Mould ◽  
O A Castelan-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Organic Matter Degradation ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

Approximately 80% of all production costs are related to the purchase of forages and other feeds in dairy enterprises in Mexico. Resource poor, smallholder (campesino) systems are heavily reliant on the use of maize stover, noncultivated/cultivated grass species and weeds to feed their dairy cattle, thus a nutritional understanding of local forage resources would be of considerable economic benefit. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritive value of non-cultivated pastures (NcP) across the growing season.

The effect of the pea to wheat ratio and harvest date on the voluntary feed intake,in vivodigestibility and nitrogen retention of pea-wheat bi-crop silages by sheep

2000 ◽  
Vol 2000 ◽  
pp. 81-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Adesogan ◽  
M.B. Salawu ◽  
E.R. Deaville
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Voluntary Feed Intake ◽  
Two Stages

Pea-wheat bi-crop silages were reported to have moderate nutritive value when the proportion of peas in the sward was less than 200 g/kg (Adesoganet al., 1999). These authors also suggested that improvements in the digestibility, intake and nitrogen (N) balance of the forages may result from increasing the proportion of peas in the sward. This experiment was designed to examine this theory by determining thein vivoapparent digestibility, N retention and voluntary feed intake (VFI) in sheep of pea-wheat bi-crop silages containing different ratios of peas to wheat and harvested at two stages of growth.

Further studies on the prediction of the nutritive value of protein for ruminants

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243
Author(s):  
H. Elsayed Osman ◽  
B. A. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Negative Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Suitable Index ◽  
Desert Grasses

SummarySix successive trials with three adult rams (Sudan desert sheep) were conducted with the main object of finding a suitable index for the prediction of the nutritive value of protein in non-legumes for ruminants.The mean change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and ruminal V. F. A. 3 h after feeding legumes was considerably greater than after feeding the nonleguminous hays. Among the legumes berseem hay gave the least change in the concentration of ruminal ammonia, blood urea and V. E. A. The leguminous hays produced more gas underin vitroconditions than the non-legumes. Berseem hay produced the greatest volume of gas. Butterfly pea hay and lubia hay gave more or less similar results. Among the non-legumes the desert grasses gave the lowest values.Of all the feeds studied maize hay gave the highest nitrogen retention, followed by berseem hay. Despite this superiority of maize hay, the overall mean nitrogen retention of legumes was much greater than that of the non-legumes. Among the non-legumes dry desert grasses displayed a negative nitrogen balance.Regression equations based on the present data indicated that nitrogen retention only of leguminous hays could be always predicted from changes in blood urea concentrations. The present results also showed that the nitrogen retention of non-legumes and to a lesser extent that of all feeds taken together (i. e. legumes and non-legumes) can be assessed by using volume of gas producedin vitro(i. e. rate ofin vitrofermentation).

Studies on the nutritive value of some common Egyptian feedingstuffs. I. Nitrogen retention and ruminal ammonia curves

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. El-Shazly
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Trifolium Alexandrinum ◽  
Cottonseed Cake ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

1. Ten successive trials with two Rahmany adult ewes were carried out with the aim of comparing the nutritive values of the nitrogenous constituents of some concentrates used in Egypt as supplements in summer rations (decorticated cottonseed cake, linseed-oil meal and beans (Vicia faba)) and of animal proteins (meat meal, fish meal and casein) and of barseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). Wheat straw was employed as the main roughage in the ration. Nitrogen intake for all supplements was 10·16 g./day.2. Apparent digestion coefficients for crude protein were estimated. Casein had the highest digestibility coefficient while meat meal was the least digestible.3. Nitrogen retention and ruminal ammonia curves are given for each period. Only three proteins, namely, barseem, cottonseed cake and linseed meal gave positive nitrogen balance at the critical level of nitrogen intake used throughout the trials. Fish meal improved nitrogen retention significantly. Meat meal and beans did not improve nitrogen retention. The addition of 70 g. starch to beans improved nitrogen retention significantly.

An evaluation of the micronization process for preparing cereals for the growing pig. 3. A note on the effect of micronization temperature on the nutritive value of wheat

1975 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Significant Depression ◽  
Conversion Study

SUMMARY1. In two experiments the nutritive value for the growing pig of wheat which had been micronized at temperatures of 155°, 190° or 220°C, flaked (rolled) and then ground was compared with wheat which had either been ground, or rolled and then ground.2. In the first experiment 60 pigs offered individually, restricted amounts of feed were used in a growth and efficiency of conversion study. In the second experiment 15 pigs were used in digestibility and nitrogen retention studies.3. The highest micronization temperature gave a significant depression in growth rate and in efficiency of conversion of dietary dry matter as compared with the other treatments for which there were no significant differences.

THE PARADOX OF LIMITED MAIZE STOVER USE IN INDIA'S SMALLHOLDER CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLAF ERENSTEIN ◽  
ARINDAM SAMADDAR ◽  
NILS TEUFEL ◽  
MICHAEL BLÜMMEL
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Apparent Paradox ◽  
Maize Stover ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Development Agents ◽  
Cereal Residues ◽  
Livestock Systems

SUMMARYCereal residues are an important feed source for ruminants in smallholder crop-livestock systems in the (sub)tropics. In many areas of India maize is a relatively new cash crop where farmers and development agents alike generally perceive maize stover to have limited utility, in contrast with the intensive feeding of other cereal residues in India and the intensive use of maize stover in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. A comparative assessment of maize stover quality (based on a brief review and a feeding trial) indeed confirms its potential as a ruminant feed according to its relative nutritive value. The paper then explores the apparent paradox through a scoping study of maize stover use (based on village surveys) in three contrasting maize-growing districts in India – including both traditional and non-traditional maize producers. The limited maize stover use appears to alleviate seasonal shortages, with tradition and technology helping explain the preferential use of other cereal residues. The paper thereby provides further impetus to India's apparent food-feed paradigm – whereby farmers’ staple food preferences coincide with crop residue feed preferences. The paper argues the case for investing in maize stover R&D in India and thus reigniting earlier feed research in general. Indeed, maize stover use is a relatively neglected area by India's agricultural R&D and merits more attention so as to exploit its potential contribution and alleviate eventual tradeoffs.

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