Influence of antibiotics and a deaminase inhibitor on volatile fatty acids and methane production from detergent washed hay and soluble starch by rumen microbes in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. van Nevel ◽  
D.I. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Rumen Microbes

Relationship between rumen odd and branched chain fatty acids and fermentation characteristics as studied in vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
B. Vlaeminck ◽  
V. Fievez ◽  
H. van Laar ◽  
D. Demeyer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fermentation Pattern ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Rumen microbes contain a high proportion (20 to 50%) of their fatty acids (FA) as odd and branched chain fatty acids (OBCFA; C15:0, iso C15:0, anteiso C15:0, C17:0; iso C17:0; anteiso C17:0 and C17:1) and different bacterial classes have distinctive OBCFA ‘fingerprints’. As OBCFA make up around 5% of FA in milk, it has been suggested that there is scope for these compounds to be used in on-farm diagnostic milk-based tests in relation to the rumen fermentation pattern. Correlations of milk OBCFA with rumen fermentation pattern were recently shown (Vlaeminck et al., 2002). In the current in vitro study, the potential of rumen OBCFA to predict the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was evaluated.

scholarly journals Insects as Novel Ruminant Feed and a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Eslam Ahmed ◽  
Naoki Fukuma ◽  
Masaaki Hanada ◽  
Takehiro Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Grass Hay

This study is the first to evaluate the chemical composition and impacts of four different edible insects, Acheta domesticus (A.d), Brachytrupes portentosus (B.p), Gryllus bimaculatus (G.b), and Bombyx mori (B.m), on the digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane production when used as a substitute for 25% of the soybean meal (SBM) in a ruminant diet through in vitro incubation. The dietary treatments were 100% grass hay, 60% grass hay + 40% SBM, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% A.d, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.p, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% G.b, and 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.m. The experiment was conducted as a short-term batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C, and the incubation was repeated in 3 consecutive runs. Chemical analysis of the insects showed that they were rich in fat (14–26%) with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (60–70%). Additionally, the insects were rich in protein (48–61%) containing all essential amino acids and the amino acid profiles of the insects were almost the same as that of SBM. The inclusion of insects did not affect nutrient digestibility or the production of volatile fatty acids but did increase the production of ammonia-nitrogen. The addition of G.b and B.m led to decrease in methane production by up to 18% and 16%, respectively. These results reveal that substitution of 25% SBM in the diet with the tested insects had no negative impacts, and their potential to reduce methane production is an environmental benefit.

scholarly journals Variability of caecal parameters in rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 108-110
Author(s):  
O. Vozna ◽  
N. Motko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Molar Percentage ◽  
Hydrogen Recovery ◽  
Different Origin

Three groups of rabbits of different origin (29, 27 and 28 animals; 3 or 4–6 months of age) were slaughtered, their caecal contents analyzed and used for inoculation of in vitro cultures. Whereas the caecal pH, dry matter percentages and acetate molar proportions in caecal volatile fatty acids (VFA) were relatively stable, molar proportions of other VFA varied considerably. In in vitro incubations, caecal parameters varied somewhat less than in vivo. Methane production varied much more than total VFA production. No non-methanogenic rabbit, however, was found. The hydrogen recovery correlated Significantly with the methane production and, in two out of three groups of rabbits, also with the propionate molar percentage. The caecal pH was inversely related to VFA concentration.

Effect of nisin on ruminal methane production and nitrate/nitrite reduction in vitro

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sar ◽  
B. Mwenya ◽  
B. Pen ◽  
R. Morikawa ◽  
K. Takaura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Rumen Microbes

The suppressing effects of different concentrations of nitrate (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm) or nisin (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 μmol/L) on in vitro methane production were examined with mixed rumen microbes using the in vitro continuous incubation system. The effects of different concentrations of nisin (10, 20, and 30 μmol/L) on in vitro nitrate/nitrite reduction were examined for methane suppression without any nitrate toxicity. The culture mixture consisted of 400 mL of strained rumen fluid from 2 non-lactating Holstein cows fed a diet of oaten hay, alfalfa hay cube, and concentrates (35 : 35 : 30) at maintenance level, and 400 mL of autoclaved buffer solution. Methane production was decreased with increasing levels of nitrate. As the concentration of nisin increased from 5 to 30 μmol/L, methane production was decreased by 14–40%. A decrease in acetate to propionate ratio and increase in total volatile fatty acids were observed as the concentration of nisin increased. Toxic nitrite accumulation was unaffected by increasing levels of nisin. In conclusion, nisin improved some of the parameters of ruminal fermentation and inhibited methane production, but did not decrease nitrate toxicity when nitrate was used to inhibit methane production.

Proteksi Protein Ampas Tahu dengan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) terhadap Degradasi Mikroba Rumen

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Nadia Ainunisa ◽  
Mohamad Busaeri Rapsanjani ◽  
Ana Rohana Tarmidi ◽  
Iman Hernaman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Rumen Microbes ◽  
Vitro Protein

ABSTRAKProtein ampas tahu memiliki kualitas yang baik, namun mudah didegradasi oleh mikroba rumen, sehingga membutuhkan perlindungan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melindungi protein ampas tahu dari degradasi mikroba rumen. Penelitian dilaksanakan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Data yang terkumpul dilakukan analisis sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Ampas tahu kering dicampur dengan menggunakan mikser secara merata dengan crude palm oil (CPO) sebanyak 0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30 % atau setara dengan 0% (P0), 4% (P1), 8% (P2), 12% (P3) dalam ransum.  Kemudian ampas tahu tersebut digunakan sebagai konsentrat tunggal dalam ransum yang dicampur dengan rumput pada perbandingan 40:60, setelah itu dievaluasi secara in vitro. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa proteksi ampas tahu dengan CPO menghasilkan penurunan konsentrasi N-NH3 (P<0,05) dengan nilai yang terendah adalah 2,6 mM pada P3. Sementara itu proteksi CPO juga menurunkan nilai asam lemak terbang pada P3 dan semakin tinggi penggunaan CPO menghasilkan kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik yang rendah (P<0,05). Kesimpulan, penggunaan CPO mampu memproteksi protein ampas tahu, namun dapat menurunkan asam lemak terbang dan kecernaan.Kata kunci: ampas tahu, crude palm oil (CPO), in vitro, protein, ruminansia ABSTRACT   Tofu cake protein has good quality but is easily degraded by rumen microbes, so it needs protection. The research aims to protect the tofu cake protein from rumen microbial degradation. The study was conducted experimentally using a randomized complete design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The data collected was analyzed for variance analysis and followed by Duncan's test. Dried tofu waste is mixed by using mixer evenly with crude palm oil (CPO) as much as 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% or equivalent to 0% (P0), 4% (P1), 8% (P2), 12% (P3) in the ration. Then that tofu cake was used as a single concentrate in the ration mixed with grass at a ratio of 40:60, after which it was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that the protection of tofu cake with CPO resulted in a decrease in N-NH3 concentration (P<0.05) with the lowest value being 2.6 mM at P3. Meanwhile, CPO protection also reduced the value of volatile fatty acids at P3 and the higher use of CPO resulted in low dry matter and organic matter digestibility (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of CPO is able to protect the protein of tofu cake, but it can reduce volatile fatty acids and digestibility.Keywords: crude palm oil (CPO), in vitro, protein, ruminant, tofu cake

scholarly journals In vitro methane and gas production characteristics of Eragrostis trichopophora substrate supplemented with different browse foliage

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubeker Hassen ◽  
Jacobus Johannes Francois Theart ◽  
Willem Adriaan van Niekerk ◽  
Festus Adeyemi Adejoro ◽  
Belete Shenkute Gemeda
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Browse Species

An in vitro gas production study was conducted to evaluate the potential of six browse species (high, medium and low condensed tannin concentrations) collected from the Kalahari Desert as antimethanogenic additives to an Eragrostis trichopophora-based substrate. The browse species studied were Acacia luederitzii, Monechma incanum, Acacia erioloba, Acacia haematoxylon, Olea europaea and Acacia mellifera. The edible forage dry matter of the browse species were incubated with Eragrostis trichopophora in a 30 : 70 (w/w) ratio by adding 40 mL of a buffered rumen fluid at 39°C for 48 h. Gas and methane production at different time intervals after incubation were determined whereas the volatile fatty acids concentration was evaluated after 48 h. Acacia luederitzii and M. incanum foliage decreased methane production by more than 50%, but simultaneously decreased digestibility, and rumen fermentation parameters such as volatile fatty acids concentration. Tannin extracts from A. luederitzii could possibly be used as a dietary alternative to reduce methane production; however, there is a need to determine an optimum level of inclusion that may not compromise the efficiency of rumen fermentation and overall digestibility of the diet.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Effects of Polyphenols from Chestnut Involucre on Methane Production, Volatile Fatty Acids, and Ammonia Concentration during In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yichong Wang ◽  
Sijiong Yu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Xiaolong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

Nutritional strategies can be employed to mitigate greenhouse emissions from ruminants. This article investigates the effects of polyphenols extracted from the involucres of Castanea mollissima Blume (PICB) on in vitro rumen fermentation. Three healthy Angus bulls (350 ± 50 kg), with permanent rumen fistula, were used as the donors of rumen fluids. A basic diet was supplemented with five doses of PICB (0%–0.5% dry matter (DM)), replicated thrice for each dose. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N), and methane (CH4) yield were measured after 24 h of in vitro fermentation, and gas production was monitored for 96 h. The trial was carried out over three runs. The results showed that the addition of PICB significantly reduced NH3-N (p < 0.05) compared to control. The 0.1%–0.4% PICB significantly decreased acetic acid content (p < 0.05). Addition of 0.2% and 0.3% PICB significantly increased the propionic acid content (p < 0.05) and reduced the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio, CH4 content, and yield (p < 0.05). A highly significant quadratic response was shown, with increasing PICB levels for all the parameters abovementioned (p < 0.01). The increases in PICB concentration resulted in a highly significant linear and quadratic response by 96-h dynamic fermentation parameters (p < 0.01). Our results indicate that 0.2% PICB had the best effect on in-vitro rumen fermentation efficiency and reduced greenhouse gas production.

scholarly journals Effects of Increasing Doses of Condensed Tannins Extract from Cistus ladanifer L. on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Biohydrogenation

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Olinda Guerreiro ◽  
Susana P. Alves ◽  
Mónica Costa ◽  
Maria F. Duarte ◽  
Eliana Jerónimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Cistus Ladanifer ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Ct Dose ◽  
Linear Decrease

Cistus ladanifer (rockrose) is a perennial shrub quite abundant in the Mediterranean region, and it is a rich source in secondary compounds such as condensed tannins (CTs). Condensed tannins from C. ladanifer were able to change the ruminal biohydrogenation (BH), increasing the t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 production. However, the adequate conditions of the C. ladanifer CTs used to optimize the production of t11–18:1 and c9,t11–18:2 is not yet known. Thus, we tested the effect of increasing the doses of C. ladanifer CT extract (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g/kg dry matter (DM)) on in vitro rumen BH. Five in vitro batch incubations replicates were conducted using an oil supplemented high-concentrate substrate, incubated for 24 h with 6 mL of buffered ruminal fluid. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and long chain fatty acids (FA) were analyzed at 0 h and 24 h, and BH of c9–18:1, c9, c12–18:2 and c9, c12, c15–18:3, and BH products yield were computed. Increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs led to a moderate linear decrease (p < 0.001) of the VFA production (a reduction of 27% with the highest dose compared to control). The disappearance of c9–18:1 and c9,c12–18:2 as well as the production of t11–18:1 and c9, t11:18:2 was not affected by increasing doses of C. ladanifer CTs, and only the disappearance of c9, c12, c15–18:3 suffered a mild linear decrease (a reduction of 24% with the highest dose compared to control). Nevertheless, increasing the C. ladanifer CT dose led to a strong depression of microbial odd and branched fatty acids and of dimethyl acetals production (less than 65% with the highest dose compared to control), which indicates that microbial growth was more inhibited than fermentative and biohydrogenation activities, in a possible adaptative response of microbial population to stress induced to CTs and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ability of C. ladanifer to modulate the ruminal BH was not verified in the current in vitro experimental conditions, emphasizing the inconsistent BH response to CTs and highlighting the need to continue seeking the optimal conditions for using CTs to improve the fatty acid profile of ruminant fat.

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