The impact of the agricultural industry on the rural economy — tracking the spatial distribution of the farm inputs and outputs

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

scholarly journals Sustainability of harvest of culpeo foxes in Patagonia

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres J. Novaro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Table Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Harvest ◽  
Hunting Pressure ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Wildlife hunting, for meat and skins, is an important component of the rural economy in Argentinian Patagonia. Every year thousands of fur-bearing mammals are killed and the impact of this on their populations is unknown. This paper reports on the results of a preliminary investigation into the sustainability of the harvest of culpeo foxes Dusicyon culpaeus in a 1000-sq-km area of Neuquen Province. Monitoring of fox densities and harvest rates over 5 years on six ranches revealed that, despite intense hunting, the numbers of foxes remained little changed. On the other hand, life-table analysis suggested that the levels of hunting pressure on four ranches were too high to allow fox populations to persist unless they were boosted by immigration. The findings have applications for wildlife managers in establishing sustainable harvest rates and optimal spatial distribution of those rates.

Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

2005 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
E. Serova ◽  
O. Shick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

Tracking the Transmission Channels of Fiscal Deficit and Food Inflation Linkages: A Structural VAR Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-172
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Fiscal Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Food Inflation

This empirical analysis aspired to unearth the transmission channels of fiscal deficit and food inflation linkages in the Indian perspective by reasonably exerting the data for 1991 to 2017. The precise results of structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) analysis proffered that there were three different mechanisms of transmission such as consumption, general inflation, and import channels that led to food inflation in response to the high fiscal deficit. The first channel revealed that government deficit spending had a positive impact on income which further led to food inflation through surging the household consumption expenditure. It was concluded that fiscal deficit passed through general inflation finally leading to a food price surge in the economy and seemed to work as cost-push inflation for the food and agricultural industry. The outcome also revealed that the impact of fiscal deficit passed to food inflation through external linkages such as import and export.

Modelling Agricultural Controls for Flooding and Soil Erosion

2018 ◽  
pp. 776-796
Author(s):  
Roger Moussa ◽  
Bruno Cheviron
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Modelling Strategies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Factors

Floods are the highest-impact natural disasters. In agricultural basins, anthropogenic features are significant factors in controlling flood and erosion. A hydrological-hydraulic-erosion diagnosis is necessary in order to choose the most relevant action zones and to make recommendations for alternative land uses and cultivation practices in order to control and reduce floods and erosion. This chapter first aims to provide an overview of the flow processes represented in the various possible choices of model structure and refinement. It then focuses on the impact of the spatial distribution and temporal variation of hydrological soil properties in farmed basins, representing their effects on the modelled water and sediment flows. Research challenges and leads are then tackled, trying to identify the conditions in which sufficient adequacy exists between site data and modelling strategies.

scholarly journals Measuring spatial allocative efficiency in basketball

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-289
Author(s):  
Nathan Sandholtz ◽  
Jacob Mortensen ◽  
Luke Bornn
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical Model ◽  
National Basketball Association ◽  
Spatial Context ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEvery shot in basketball has an opportunity cost; one player’s shot eliminates all potential opportunities from their teammates for that play. For this reason, player-shot efficiency should ultimately be considered relative to the lineup. This aspect of efficiency—the optimal way to allocate shots within a lineup—is the focus of our paper. Allocative efficiency should be considered in a spatial context since the distribution of shot attempts within a lineup is highly dependent on court location. We propose a new metric for spatial allocative efficiency by comparing a player’s field goal percentage (FG%) to their field goal attempt (FGA) rate in context of both their four teammates on the court and the spatial distribution of their shots. Leveraging publicly available data provided by the National Basketball Association (NBA), we estimate player FG% at every location in the offensive half court using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Then, by ordering a lineup’s estimated FG%s and pairing these rankings with the lineup’s empirical FGA rate rankings, we detect areas where the lineup exhibits inefficient shot allocation. Lastly, we analyze the impact that sub-optimal shot allocation has on a team’s overall offensive potential, demonstrating that inefficient shot allocation correlates with reduced scoring.

A Pandemic of Violence? The Impact of COVID-19 on Conflict

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M.T. Polo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Johns Hopkins University ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Advantage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article examines the impact and repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on patterns of armed conflict around the world. It argues that there are two main ways in which the pandemic is likely to fuel, rather than mitigate, conflict and engender further violence in conflict-prone countries: (1) the exacerbating effect of COVID-19 on the underlying root causes of conflict and (2) the exploitation of the crisis by governments and non-state actors who have used the coronavirus to gain political advantage and territorial control. The article uses data collected in real-time by the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) and the Johns Hopkins University to illustrate the unfolding and spatial distribution of conflict events before and during the pandemic and combine this with three brief case studies of Afghanistan, Nigeria, and Libya. Descriptive evidence shows how levels of violence have remained unabated or even escalated during the first five months of the pandemic and how COVID-19-related social unrest has spread beyond conflict-affected countries.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution patterns of soil total phosphorus influenced by climatic factors in China’s forest ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhu ◽  
Anchi Wu ◽  
Guoyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Single Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Distribution ◽  
Total P

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is an important element in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a critical role in soil quality and ecosystem productivity. Soil total P distributions have undergone large spatial changes as a result of centuries of climate change. It is necessary to study the characteristics of the horizontal and vertical distributions of soil total P and its influencing factors. In particular, the influence of climatic factors on the spatial distribution of soil total P in China’s forest ecosystems remain relatively unknown. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in different forest ecosystems in China to assess the effect of climatic factors on soil total P concentration and distribution. The results showed that soil total P concentration significantly decreased with increasing soil depth. The spatial distribution of soil total P increased with increasing latitude and elevation gradient but decreased with increasing longitude gradient. Random forest models and linear regression analyses showed that the explanation rate of bioclimatic factors and their relationship with soil total P concentration gradually decreased with increasing soil depths. Variance partitioning analysis demonstrated that the most important factor affecting soil total P distribution was the combined effect of temperature and precipitation factor, and the single effect of temperature factors had a higher explanation rate compare with the single effect of precipitation factors. This work provides a new farmework for the geographic distribution pattern of soil total P and the impact of climate variability on P distribution in forest ecosystems.

scholarly journals Spatial Dependence Evaluation of Agricultural Technical Efficiency—Based on the Stochastic Frontier and Spatial Econometric Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2708
Author(s):  
Ziqi Yin ◽  
Jianzhai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Hebei Province ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, through the implementation of a series of policies, such as the delimitation of major grain producing areas and the construction of advantageous and characteristic agricultural product areas, the spatial distribution of agriculture in China has changed significantly; however, research on the impact of such changes on the efficiency of agricultural technology is still lacking. Taking 11 cities in Hebei Province as the research object, this study examines the spatial dependence of regional agricultural technical efficiency using the stochastic frontier analysis and spatial econometric analysis. The results show that the improvement in agricultural technical efficiency is evident in all cities in Hebei Province from 2008 to 2017, but there is scope for further improvement. Industrial agglomeration has statistical significance in improving the efficiency of agricultural technology. Further, there is an obvious spatial correlation and difference in agricultural technical efficiency. Optimizing the spatial distribution of agricultural production, promoting the innovation, development, and application of agricultural technology, and promoting the expansion of regional elements can contribute to improving agricultural technical efficiency.

scholarly journals Coastal Mangrove Response to Marine Erosion: Evaluating the Impacts of Spatial Distribution and Vegetation Growth in Bangkok Bay from 1987 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Xiao ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Dongjie Fu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Chong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Human Disturbances ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Long time-series monitoring of mangroves to marine erosion in the Bay of Bangkok, using Landsat data from 1987 to 2017, shows responses including landward retreat and seaward extension. Quantitative assessment of these responses with respect to spatial distribution and vegetation growth shows differing relationships depending on mangrove growth stage. Using transects perpendicular to the shoreline, we calculated the cross-shore mangrove extent (width) to represent spatial distribution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to represent vegetation growth. Correlations were then compared between mangrove seaside changes and the two parameters—mangrove width and NDVI—at yearly and 10-year scales. Both spatial distribution and vegetation growth display positive impacts on mangrove ecosystem stability: At early growth stages, mangrove stability is positively related to spatial distribution, whereas at mature growth the impact of vegetation growth is greater. Thus, we conclude that at early growth stages, planting width and area are more critical for stability, whereas for mature mangroves, management activities should focus on sustaining vegetation health and density. This study provides new rapid insights into monitoring and managing mangroves, based on analyses of parameters from historical satellite-derived information, which succinctly capture the net effect of complex environmental and human disturbances.

Where did Italian peasants live?

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D.A. Garnsey
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Economic Forces ◽  
Tenant Farmers ◽  
The Impact

Until recently this was a question that was not asked. It was not asked because there was a prior question that was asked, and that received a negative answer: Did peasant proprietors survive in significant numbers in the late Republic or early Empire?The consensus of opinion has been that they were always to be found, but that they were relatively few. As the traditional rural economy of which they had been the characteristic feature gave way under the impact of new economic forces, they became a residual phenomenon. Moreover, this development had already occurred by the late second century B.C.It is to be noted that peasant proprietors, small farmers working the land they owned, rather than free cultivators as a whole, have usually been the object of inquiry. The roles of tenancy in the late Republic and of wage labour in all periods have rarely been positively evaluated. Again, the idea that small ownercultivators, tenant-farmers and day-labourers were overlapping categories in ancient Italy has been little developed in the scholarly literature.

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