Acute and long-term effects of fluosol-DA 20% on respiratory system mechanics and diffusion capacity in dogs

Background: The declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic triggered a global inquiry into the transmission, mortality, risk factors, and management of the disease. Recently, however, attention has shifted toward its long-term consequences. There is a need for a better understanding of the predictors and symptoms of post-COVID syndrome, to ensure appropriate care for patients recovering from COVID-19 beyond the acute phase. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases, and available data in the PROSPERO databases. We also explored the reference lists of included articles and any systematic reviews identified therein. We searched the keywords "Post Covid", "Post COVID syndrome", "Post- Covid" and "PostCOVID", until July 2021. Results: Of 8167 articles, 13 were included. The syndrome affects several systems with variable prevalence. Fatigue and sleep disturbance is the most common symptom of acute post-COVID syndrome, observed in more than two-thirds of patients, while a reduction in quality of life and general health status was noted in up to 69%. Furthermore, a reduced aerobic and diffusion capacity was seen in 38% of patients up to one month after presumed recovery from infection. Radiologically, in up to 52% of patients, a ground-glass opacity (GGO) was noted beyond three months post-infection. The incidence of new psychiatric illness increased from as early as 14 days after infection and up to three or six months. Hearing impairment or loss, whether sensorineural or conductive, was noted in up to 8.3% of patients, and tinnitus was seen in up to 4.2%. Conclusion: Overall, given the variability in the manifestation of post-COVID syndrome, a multidisciplinary team is required to better serve these patients. We therefore urge the establishment of such teams, encompassing internal medicine, pulmonology, cardiology, and neurocognitive services.

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A Carbon Fiber Based Sensor for Measurement of Serotonin From Platelets

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2002-32770 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Clifton F. Frilot ◽

Stephen R. Patton ◽

Steven A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Calcium Release ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Fluid Dynamic ◽

Dynamic Environment ◽

Shear Stresses ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Enhanced Diffusion ◽

And Diffusion

The fluid dynamic environment within an artery is an important contributor to haemostasis. Fluid mechanics can alter the biochemical environment through convection and diffusion of reactive substances. It can bring the platelets close to the wall through convection and enhanced diffusion, cause platelet activation through hemodynamic shear stresses, and alter the substrate for platelet adhesion through shear effects on endothelial cells. Shear produces long-term effects on endothelial cells, such as morphological changes in the cells and adaptation of the size of the artery. It can also affect endothelial cells in the short term by increasing calcium release or release of nitric oxide.

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СВИНЦОВАЯ ЭКСПОЗИЦИЯ КАК ПРЕДПОСЫЛКА ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МАКСИМАЛЬНОЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ

World Science ◽

10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30112021/7699 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mermanishvili Tatiana ◽

Pataraia Giorgi ◽

Chanturidze Nana

Keyword(s):

Heart Muscle ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Transport Function ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Study Results ◽

Small Doses ◽

And Diffusion

As a result of man’s technological activities, numerous quantities of lead and its compounds are spread into the environment annually. The long-term effects of low doses of lead on the lungs, heart muscle and the transport function of erythrocytes were investigated. The study results indicate that long-term intake of small doses of lead, even in the absence of visible clinical manifestations, causes distinct structural changes and therefore, functional changes in the heart muscle, respiratory system, reduces the transport function of erythrocytes, and also possibly limiting the oxygen transport in myocytes and its deposition in tissues and diffusion into cells. There is no doubt that these changes will limit the ability to maximize the realization of physical activity.

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More complaints than findings - Long-term pulmonary function in children and adolescents after COVID-19

10.1101/2021.06.22.21259273 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Leona Knoke ◽

Anne Schlegtendal ◽

Christoph Maier ◽

Lynn Eitner ◽

Thomas Luecke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Severe Infection ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

Persistent Symptoms ◽

Abnormal Pulmonary Function

Background: The frequency of persistent symptoms after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults varies from 4.5% to 87%. Pulmonary function can also show long-term impairment in adults: 10% of hospitalised adults had reduced spirometry values, and 24% had decreased diffusion capacity. To date, only preliminary evidence is available on persistent respiratory sequelae in children and adolescents, therefore our objective was to examine the long-term effects of COVID-19 on pulmonary function in this age group. Methods: Multiple-breath washout, body plethysmography, and diffusion capacity testing were performed after an average of 2.6 months (range 0.4-6.0) following COVID-19 in 73 children and adolescents (age 5-18 years) with different disease severity. Cases were compared to 45 controls with and without infection within six months prior to assessment after exclusion of severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 infection (SARS-CoV-2). Results: Of the 19 patients (27.1%) who complained about persistent or newly emerged symptoms since COVID-19, 8 (11.4%) reported respiratory symptoms. Comparing patients with COVID-19 to controls, no significant differences were detected in frequency of abnormal pulmonary function (COVID-19: 12, 16.4%; controls: 12, 27.7%; OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.22-1.34). Only two patients with persistent respiratory symptoms showed abnormal pulmonary function. Multivariate analysis revealed reduced forced vital capacity (p=0.045) in patients with severe infection regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: Pulmonary function is rarely impaired in children and adolescents after COVID-19, except of those with severe infection. The discrepancy between persistent respiratory symptoms and normal pulmonary function suggests a different underlying pathology such as dysfunctional breathing.

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Acute Effects of a Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Product on Pulmonary Function

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina56060292 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Athanasia Pataka ◽

Seraphim Kotoulas ◽

Evangelos Chatzopoulos ◽

Ioanna Grigoriou ◽

Konstantinos Sapalidis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Expiratory Flow ◽

The Impact ◽

And Diffusion

Background and objectives: During the last decade, conventional tobacco smoking is experiencing a decline and new smoking products have been introduced. IQOS (“I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking”) is a type of “heat-not-burn” (HNB) tobacco product. The impact of IQOS on respiratory health is currently not defined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the acute effects of IQOS on pulmonary function in non-smokers and current smokers. Materials and Methods: Fifty male healthy non-smokers and current smokers with no known co-morbidity underwent an exhaled CO measurement, oximetry (SaO2%), pulmonary function tests (flows, volumes and diffusion capacity), and a measurement of respiratory resistances with an impulse oscillometry system (IOS) before and immediately after IQOS use. Results: In the whole group of 50 participants, SaO2%, forced expiratory flow at 25% and 50% of vital capacity (FEF 25%, FEF 50%, respectively), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide/VA (KCO) decreased significantly after IQOS use, whereas exhaled CO and airway resistance (R5 Hz, R10 Hz, r15 Hz, R20 Hz, R25 Hz, R35 Hz) increased. When the groups of smokers and non-smokers were compared, in both groups (all males, 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers), exhaled CO increased and SaO2% decreased after IQOS use (p < 0.001). In the group of non-smokers, PEF (pre 8.22 ± 2.06 vs. post 7.5 ± 2.16, p = 0.001) and FEF 25% (pre 7.6 ± 1.89 vs. 7.14 ± 2.06, p = 0.009) decreased significantly; respiratory resistances R20 Hz (pre 0.34 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.36 ± 0.09, p = 0.09) and R25 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.1 vs. post 0.38 ± 0.09, p = 0.08) increased almost significantly. In smokers, PEF (pre 7.69 ± 2.26 vs. post 7.12 ± 2.03, p = 0.007) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (pre 1.57 ± 0.76 vs. post1.23 ± 0.48, p = 0.03) decreased and R35 Hz (pre 0.36 ± 0.11 vs. post 0.39 ± 0.11, p = 0.047) increased. The differences in the changes after the use of IQOS did not differ between groups. Conclusions: IQOS had an impact on exhaled CO, SaO2%, and airways function immediately after use. Even though these changes were rather small to be considered of major clinical importance, they should raise concerns regarding the long-term safety of this product. Further research is needed for the short- and long-term effects of IQOS, especially in patients with respiratory disease.

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A Review of the Cardiac and Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 in Adults and Children

Texas Heart Institute Journal ◽

10.14503/thij-20-7395 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Bibhuti B. Das ◽

S. Kristen Sexon Tejtel ◽

Shriprasad Deshpande ◽

Lara S. Shekerdemian

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular System ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Cardiac Complications ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cardiovascular Involvement ◽

Adults And Children

Symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) typically affects the respiratory system but can involve the cardiovascular system. Cardiac complications of COVID-19 can result directly from myocarditis or indirectly from numerous other mechanisms. Differentiating between primary and secondary cardiovascular involvement—our focus in this review—may help to identify the long-term effects of COVID-19 on the heart in adults and children.

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High Prevalence of Chronic Fatigue in Long Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Lymphoma

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.4225.4225 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 4225-4225

Author(s):

Hanne Hamre ◽

Bernward Zeller ◽

Adriani Kanellopoulos ◽

Sophie Dorothea Fosså ◽

Jon Håvar Loge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

General Population ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Chronic Fatigue ◽

Diffusion Capacity ◽

And Gender ◽

Long Term Survivors ◽

And Diffusion

Abstract Abstract 4225 Introduction: Chronic fatigue is a frequent and distressing late effect after successful cancer treatment. However, few studies have included survivors of childhood cancers. Aims: The primary aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of fatigue in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and to compare with the Norwegian general population. A secondary aim was to explore the association between cardiac or pulmonary late effects and fatigue in long-term survivors after NHL and HL. Material and method: This population-based cross-sectional study included tumor-free adult survivors of childhood ALL, NHL and HL diagnosed between 1970 and 2002 at an age of <19 years with at least 5 years follow-up time. The enrolled patients underwent extensive biochemical and clinical investigation including echocardiography and estimation of lung volumes and diffusion capacity. Clinical information was retrieved from the patient records. Chalder′s fatigue questionnaire (FQ) was used to assess fatigue. Chronic fatigue (CF) was defined as a substantially increased level of fatigue with duration of more than 6 months. 1423 age and gender matched individuals from the general Norwegian population served as controls. Results: A total of 290 patients completed the questionnaire (ALL 151, NHL 47, HL 92). Median age (range) at assessment was 29.9 (18.3–54.5) years. Median follow-up time from diagnosis was 21.3 (6.9–39.2) years. The overall prevalence of CF was 27% (ALL 23%, NHL 30%, HL 34%), as compared to 8.4% among the controls (p>0.001). There was a tendency towards a higher prevalence of CF by increasing age (32% among subjects aged ≥30 years at follow-up vs. 22% in subjects aged<30 years, p=0.063). This was most pronounced among the ALL survivors (36% among subjects aged ≥30 years years at follow-up vs. 13% among subjects aged <30 years, p=0.001). In ALL survivors, older age at diagnosis was associated with higher prevalence of CF (15% among subjects aged <6 years at diagnosis vs. 32% among subjects aged ≥6 years, p= 0.012). Indeed, among all survivors ≥6 years at diagnosis, the ALL group had a similar prevalence of CF as the two other diagnostic groups; 32%. No association was found between CF and gender, time from diagnosis, radiotherapy, cumulative anthracycline dose, body mass index, proBNP or hypothyreosis. Among the lymphoma survivors the presence of B-symptoms at diagnosis tended to be associated with CF (Presence: CF 48% vs. Absence: CF 29%, p=0.058). In long-term survivors of NHL and HL, no association was found between CF and aortic valve disease, total lung capacity and diffusion capacity. Conclusions: Compared to the general population the prevalence of CF is 3-fold increased in long-term survivors of childhood leukemia and lymphoma. The prevalence is highest in HL (34%), but, rather surprisingly, even ALL survivors have a high occurrence of CF (23%). The lack of association between CF and somatic co-morbidity or dysfunction warrants future studies exploring the etiology of CF in long-term survivors. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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