A Carbon Fiber Based Sensor for Measurement of Serotonin From Platelets

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton F. Frilot ◽  
Stephen R. Patton ◽  
Steven A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Calcium Release ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Enhanced Diffusion ◽  
And Diffusion

The fluid dynamic environment within an artery is an important contributor to haemostasis. Fluid mechanics can alter the biochemical environment through convection and diffusion of reactive substances. It can bring the platelets close to the wall through convection and enhanced diffusion, cause platelet activation through hemodynamic shear stresses, and alter the substrate for platelet adhesion through shear effects on endothelial cells. Shear produces long-term effects on endothelial cells, such as morphological changes in the cells and adaptation of the size of the artery. It can also affect endothelial cells in the short term by increasing calcium release or release of nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Different short- and long-term effects of resveratrol on nuclear factor-κB phosphorylation and nuclear appearance in human endothelial cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1220-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pellegatta ◽  
Alberto AE Bertelli ◽  
Bart Staels ◽  
Christian Duhem ◽  
Alessandro Fulgenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals AICAR Protects Vascular Endothelial Cells from Oxidative Injury Induced by the Long-Term Palmitate Excess

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Samsonov ◽  
Nikita V. Podkuychenko ◽  
Asker Y. Khapchaev ◽  
Eugene E. Efremov ◽  
Elena V. Yanushevskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
No Production ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Long Term Effects

Hyperlipidemia manifested by high blood levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and lipoprotein triglycerides is critical for the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its cardiovascular complications via vascular endothelial dysfunction. However, attempts to assess high FFA effects in endothelial culture often result in early cell apoptosis that poorly recapitulates a much slower pace of vascular deterioration in vivo and does not provide for the longer-term studies of endothelial lipotoxicity in vitro. Here, we report that palmitate (PA), a typical FFA, does not impair, by itself, endothelial barrier and insulin signaling in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), but increases NO release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and protein labeling by malondialdehyde (MDA) hallmarking oxidative stress and increased lipid peroxidation. This PA-induced stress eventually resulted in the loss of cell viability coincident with loss of insulin signaling. Supplementation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-riboside (AICAR) increased endothelial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, supported insulin signaling, and prevented the PA-induced increases in NO, ROS, and MDA, thus allowing to maintain HUVEC viability and barrier, and providing the means to study the long-term effects of high FFA levels in endothelial cultures. An upgraded cell-based model reproduces FFA-induced insulin resistance by demonstrating decreased NO production by vascular endothelium.

Appearance of Peculiar Vessels with Immunohistological Features of High Endothelial Venules in the Dermis of Moxibustion-Stimulated Rat Skin

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 425-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Tohya ◽  
Shiori Urabe ◽  
Jun Igarashi ◽  
Taro Tomura ◽  
Akemi Take ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Luminal Surface ◽  
Rat Skin ◽  
Lymphocyte Migration ◽  
High Endothelial Venules ◽  
Direct Moxibustion

Morphological changes of the dermal blood vessels of moxibustion-stimulated rat skin were examined with reference to the lymphocyte migration. After long-term stimulation with direct moxibustion to the acupoint Tsu-San-Li (St-36), peculiar vessels that possess immunohistological features of high endothelial venules could be observed in the moxa-stimulated acupoint dermis. Endothelial cells of the vessels had well-developed Golgi apparatus in their plump cytoplasms, and they strongly expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-l on the luminal surface. These data suggest that the appearance of the peculiar vessels in the dermis acts toward the active infiltration of blood-lymphocytes into the acupoint skin.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Maternal Deprivation on the Neuronal Soma Area in the Rat Neocortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Aksić ◽  
Nevena V. Radonjić ◽  
Dubravka Aleksić ◽  
Gordana Jevtić ◽  
Branka Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Retrosplenial Cortex ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Neuronal Soma

Early separation of rat pups from their mothers (separatio a matrem) is considered and accepted as an animal model of perinatal stress. Adult rats, separated early postnatally from their mothers, are developing long-lasting changes in the brain and neuroendocrine system, corresponding to the findings observed in schizophrenia and affective disorders. With the aim to investigate the morphological changes in this animal model we exposed 9-day-old (P9) Wistar rats to a 24 h maternal deprivation (MD). At young adult age rats were sacrificed for morphometric analysis and their brains were compared with the control group bred under the same conditions, but without MD. Rats exposed to MD had a 28% smaller cell soma area in the prefrontal cortex (PFCX), 30% in retrosplenial cortex (RSCX), and 15% in motor cortex (MCX) compared to the controls. No difference was observed in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the neocortex of MD rats compared to the control group. The results of this study demonstrate that stress in early life has a long-term effect on neuronal soma size in cingulate and retrosplenial cortex and is potentially interesting as these structures play an important role in cognition.

scholarly journals Alcohol Co-Administration Changes Mephedrone-Induced Alterations of Neuronal Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milo Grotell ◽  
Bjørnar den Hollander ◽  
Aaro Jalkanen ◽  
Essi Törrönen ◽  
Jouni Ihalainen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Golgi Staining ◽  
Adolescent Rats

Mephedrone (4-MMC), despite its illegal status, is still a widely used psychoactive substance. Its effects closely mimic those of the classical stimulant drug methamphetamine (METH). Recent research suggests that unlike METH, 4-MMC is not neurotoxic on its own. However, the neurotoxic effects of 4-MMC may be precipitated under certain circumstances, such as administration at high ambient temperatures. Common use of 4-MMC in conjunction with alcohol raises the question whether this co-consumption could also precipitate neurotoxicity. A total of six groups of adolescent rats were treated twice daily for four consecutive days with vehicle, METH (5 mg/kg) or 4-MMC (30 mg/kg), with or without ethanol (1.5 g/kg). To investigate persistent delayed effects of the administrations at two weeks after the final treatments, manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were performed. Following the scans, brains were collected for Golgi staining and spine analysis. 4-MMC alone had only subtle effects on neuronal activity. When administered with ethanol, it produced a widespread pattern of deactivation, similar to what was seen with METH-treated rats. These effects were most profound in brain regions which are known to have high dopamine and serotonin activities including hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and caudate-putamen. In the regions showing the strongest activation changes, no morphological changes were observed in spine analysis. By itself 4-MMC showed few long-term effects. However, when co-administered with ethanol, the apparent functional adaptations were profound and comparable to those of neurotoxic METH.

scholarly journals СВИНЦОВАЯ ЭКСПОЗИЦИЯ КАК ПРЕДПОСЫЛКА ОГРАНИЧЕНИЯ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МАКСИМАЛЬНОЙ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mermanishvili Tatiana ◽  
Pataraia Giorgi ◽  
Chanturidze Nana
Keyword(s):  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
And Diffusion

As a result of man’s technological activities, numerous quantities of lead and its compounds are spread into the environment annually. The long-term effects of low doses of lead on the lungs, heart muscle and the transport function of erythrocytes were investigated.  The study results indicate that long-term intake of small doses of lead, even in the absence of visible clinical manifestations, causes distinct structural changes and therefore, functional changes in the heart muscle, respiratory system, reduces the transport function of erythrocytes, and also possibly limiting the oxygen transport in myocytes and its deposition in tissues and diffusion into cells. There is no doubt that these changes will limit the ability to maximize the realization of physical activity.

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