Clinical imaging techniques for assessing vascular risk and complications in the lower extremities

2021 ◽  
pp. 291-317
Author(s):  
Mitchel R. Stacy
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Clinical Imaging

scholarly journals Emerging Clinical Imaging Techniques for Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations

JHN Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Campbell ◽  
Lisa Tartaglino ◽  
Hayan Dayoub ◽  
Pascal Jabbour ◽  
Adam Dumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations

The Evolution of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as MRI Contrast Agents

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (42) ◽  
pp. 2157-2168
Author(s):  
Aileen O'Shea ◽  
Anushri Parakh ◽  
Rita Maria Lahoud ◽  
Sandeep Hedgire ◽  
Mukesh G Harisinghani
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Mri Contrast Agents ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Iron Storage ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

AbstractWhile the use of iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance contrast agents for clinical imaging is established, they are more recently experiencing renewed interest as alternatives to gadolinium-based contrast agents. Ultra-small iron oxide nanoparticles have unique pharmacokinetics, metabolic and imaging properties. These properties have led to improved techniques for imaging a variety of vascular, oncologic and inflammatory conditions with iron oxide nanoparticles. Current research efforts are aimed at harnessing the characteristics of these nanoparticles to advance magnetic resonance imaging techniques and explore new therapeutic potentials. While there are some limitations to the use of iron oxide nanoparticles, including allergies to parenteral iron and iron storage disorders, the practicable applications for these agents will continue to expand. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of the history and synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles, their current applications in clinical imaging and their prospective clinical applications.

scholarly journals Emerging clinical imaging techniques for cerebral cavernous malformations: a systematic review

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. E6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Campbell ◽  
Pascal Jabbour ◽  
Sanjay Yadla ◽  
Issam A. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Concise Review ◽  
Intraoperative Management ◽  
Functional Mr Imaging

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are divided into sporadic and familial forms. For clinical imaging, T2-weighted gradient-echo sequences have been shown to be more sensitive than conventional sequences. Recently more advanced imaging techniques such as high-field and susceptibility-weighted MR imaging have been employed for the evaluation of CCMs. Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging and functional MR imaging have been applied to the preoperative and intraoperative management of these lesions. In this paper, the authors attempt to provide a concise review of the emerging imaging methods used in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CCMs.

scholarly journals Neurovascular Unit: Basic and Clinical Imaging with Emphasis on Advantages of Ferumoxytol

Neurosurgery ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Prola Netto ◽  
Jeffrey Iliff ◽  
Danica Stanimirovic ◽  
Kenneth A Krohn ◽  
Bronwyn Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
Advanced Imaging ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
System Physiology ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

Abstract Physiological and pathological processes that increase or decrease the central nervous system's need for nutrients and oxygen via changes in local blood supply act primarily at the level of the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of endothelial cells, associated blood–brain barrier tight junctions, basal lamina, pericytes, and parenchymal cells, including astrocytes, neurons, and interneurons. Knowledge of the NVU is essential for interpretation of central nervous system physiology and pathology as revealed by conventional and advanced imaging techniques. This article reviews current strategies for interrogating the NVU, focusing on vascular permeability, blood volume, and functional imaging, as assessed by ferumoxytol an iron oxide nanoparticle.

scholarly journals Multimodal Imaging of Torpedo Maculopathy With Fluorescence Adaptive Optics Imaging of Individual Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari V. Vienola ◽  
Kunal K. Dansingani ◽  
Andrew W. Eller ◽  
Joseph N. Martel ◽  
Valerie C. Snyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Optics ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Rpe Cells ◽  
Torpedo Maculopathy

Torpedo maculopathy (TM) is a rare congenital defect of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE is often evaluated clinically using fundus autofluorescence (AF), a technique that visualizes RPE structure at the tissue level from the intrinsic AF of RPE fluorophores. TM lesions typically emit little or no AF, but this macroscopic assessment is unable to resolve the RPE cells, leaving the organization of the RPE cell mosaic in TM unknown. We used fluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) to show here for the first time the microscopic cellular-level structural alterations to the RPE cell mosaic in TM that underlie the tissue-level changes seen in conventional clinical imaging. We evaluated two patients with TM using conventional clinical imaging techniques and adaptive optics (AO) infrared autofluorescence (IRAF) in AOSLO. Confocal AOSLO revealed relatively normal cones outside the TM lesion but altered cone appearance within it and along its margins in both patients. We quantified cone topography and RPE cell morphometry from the fovea to the margin of the lesion in case 1 and found cone density to be within the normal range across the locations imaged. However, RPE morphometric analysis revealed disrupted RPE cells outside the margin of the lesion; the mean RPE cell area was greater than two standard deviations above the normative range up to approximately 1.5 mm from the lesion margin. Similar morphometric changes were seen to individual RPE cells in case 2. Multi-modal imaging with AOSLO reveals that RPE cells are abnormal in TM well beyond the margins of the characteristic TM lesion boundary defined with conventional clinical imaging. Since the TM fovea appears to be fully formed, with normal cone packing, it is possible that the congenital RPE defect in TM occurs relatively late in retinal development. This work demonstrates how cellular level imaging of the RPE can provide new insight into RPE pathologies, particularly for rare conditions such as TM.

Surveillance for cardiotoxicity in patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1156-1160
Author(s):  
Magid Awadalla ◽  
Cian P. McCarthy ◽  
Michael T. Osborne ◽  
Tomas G. Neilan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
Detection And Quantification

As cancer survival has improved, some of the focus of care has shifted to minimizing the long-term complications of cancer therapy. Cardiovascular disease is a leading long-term cause of morbidity and mortality in patients who survive cancer. This chapter focuses on current clinical imaging and non-imaging techniques that are used to detect the cardiovascular consequences of chemotherapy. Overall, the detection and quantification of chemotherapy-induced myocardial injury, dysfunction, and heart failure is challenging due to intrinsic limitations of the available imaging techniques coupled with the latency period that can occur between injury and clinical presentation with heart failure.

Progressive Neurological Deficit in Adult Idiopathic Syringomyelia (IS): Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Yudoyono ◽  
Anugrah O. Widhiatmo ◽  
Beny A. Wirjomartani
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Chiari Malformation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chiari Malformation Type I ◽  
Progressive Neurological Deficit ◽  
Idiopathic Syringomyelia

A syringomyelia is a clinical entity of any tubular fluid-filled cavity within the spinalcord that causes slowly but relentlessly progressive symptoms as well as expansion of thecavity, which is most commonly associated with Chiari malformation Type I, which due toadvancement of imaging techniques has resulted in more incidental idiopathic syringes that arenot associated with tumor, trauma, or postinfectious causes. Idiopathic syringomyelia (IS) is apathological entity in which no overt etiology is evident for a syrinx. In this study, we describe acase in a 45 year-old woman presented with progressive difficulties in walking and also hadmyelopathic signs evidenced by hyperreflexia in the lower extremities and underwent foramenmagnum decompression and C1 lamiectomy. Idiopathic syringomyelia is a pathological entityin which no overt etiology is evident for a syrinx. It can be managed succesfully byconservative treatment but if there is a progression of neurological deficit, surgicaldecompression is a mandatory.Keywords: idiopathic syringomyelia, neurological deficit

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