Selected examples of tissue-level collagen suprastructures: Tendon, bone, and skin

Objective: The aim of the present study was to build protein profiles of untreated breast cancer patients of invasive ductal carcinoma grade II at tissue level in Pakistani population and to compare 2-D profiles of breast tumor tissues with matched normal tissues in order to evaluate for variations of proteins among them. Materials & Methods: Breast tissue profiles were made after polytron tissue lysis and rehydrated proteins were further characterized by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. On the basis of isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight, proteins were identified by online tool named Siena 2-D database and their identification was further confirmed by using MALDI-TOF. Results: Among identified spots, 10 proteins were found to be differentially expressed i.e.; COX5A, THIO, TCTP, HPT, SODC, PPIA, calreticulin (CRT), HBB, albumin and serotransferrin. For further investigation, CRT was selected. The level of CRT in tumors was found to be significantly higher than in normal group (p < 0.05). The increased expression of CRT level in tumor was statistically significant (p = 0.010) at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05) as analyzed by Mann-Whitney. CRT was found distinctly expressed in high amount in tumor tissue as compared to their matched normal tissues. Conclusion: It has been concluded that CRT expression could discriminate between normal tissue and tumor tissue so it might serve as a possible candidate for future studies in cancer diagnostic markers.

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Peri-Implant Behavior of Tissue Level Dental Implants with a Convergent Neck

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5232

Author(s):

Rubén Agustín-Panadero ◽

Irene Bermúdez-Mulet ◽

Lucía Fernández-Estevan ◽

María Fernanda Solá-Ruíz ◽

Rocío Marco-Pitarch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Functional Load ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Group I ◽

Bone Level ◽

Single Crowns ◽

Functional Loading

Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the radiographic peri-implant bone loss of bone level implants and tissue level implants with a convergent neck in screw-retained single crowns and in screw-retained fixed partial prostheses, after two years of functional loading. Materials and methods: The sample was divided into two groups according to their type: Group I: supracrestal implants with convergent transmucosal neck; Group II: crestal implants. In each group we distinguish two subgroups according to the type of prosthetic restoration: single crowns and a three-piece fixed partial prosthesis on two implants. To quantify bone loss, parallelized periapical radiographs were analyzed at the time of implant placement and after two years of functional load. Results: A total of 120 implants were placed in 53 patients. After statistical analysis it was observed that for each type of implant bone loss was 0.97 ± 0.91 mm for bone level and 0.31 ± 0.48 mm for tissue level. No significant differences were found regarding the type of prosthesis and the location (maxilla or mandible) of the implants. Conclusions: Tissue level implants with a convergent transepithelial neck exhibit less peri-implant bone loss than bone level implants regardless of the type of prosthesis.

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Assembly of the Cardiac Pacemaking Complex: Electrogenic Principles of Sinoatrial Node Morphogenesis

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease ◽

10.3390/jcdd8040040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Marietta Easterling ◽

Simone Rossi ◽

Anthony J Mazzella ◽

Michael Bressan

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Sinoatrial Node ◽

Cardiac Pacemaker ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Rhythmic Contraction ◽

Entire Volume ◽

Impulse Generation ◽

Cardiac Pacemaking ◽

Electrical Impulses ◽

Sufficient Strength

Cardiac pacemaker cells located in the sinoatrial node initiate the electrical impulses that drive rhythmic contraction of the heart. The sinoatrial node accounts for only a small proportion of the total mass of the heart yet must produce a stimulus of sufficient strength to stimulate the entire volume of downstream cardiac tissue. This requires balancing a delicate set of electrical interactions both within the sinoatrial node and with the downstream working myocardium. Understanding the fundamental features of these interactions is critical for defining vulnerabilities that arise in human arrhythmic disease and may provide insight towards the design and implementation of the next generation of potential cellular-based cardiac therapeutics. Here, we discuss physiological conditions that influence electrical impulse generation and propagation in the sinoatrial node and describe developmental events that construct the tissue-level architecture that appears necessary for sinoatrial node function.

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Associations between Statin/Omega3 Usage and MRI-Based Radiomics Signatures in Prostate Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11010085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Yu Shi ◽

Ethan Wahle ◽

Qian Du ◽

Luke Krajewski ◽

Xiaoying Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Bias Correction ◽

Cross Validation ◽

Prostate Cancer Risk ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

The Novel ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Field Bias

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Statins and omega-3 are two medications recently found to correlate with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness, but the observed associations are complex and controversial. We therefore explore the novel application of radiomics in studying statin and omega-3 usage in prostate cancer patients. On MRIs of 91 prostate cancer patients, two regions of interest (ROIs), the whole prostate and the peripheral region of the prostate, were manually segmented. From each ROI, 944 radiomic features were extracted after field bias correction and normalization. Heatmaps were generated to study the radiomic feature patterns against statin or omega-3 usage. Radiomics models were trained on selected features and evaluated with 500-round threefold cross-validation for each drug/ROI combination. On the 1500 validation datasets, the radiomics model achieved average AUCs of 0.70, 0.74, 0.78, and 0.72 for omega-3/prostate, omega-3/peripheral, statin/prostate, and statin/peripheral, respectively. As the first study to analyze radiomics in relation to statin and omega-3 uses in prostate cancer patients, our study preliminarily established the existence of imaging-identifiable tissue-level changes in the prostate and illustrated the potential usefulness of radiomics for further exploring these medications’ effects and mechanisms in prostate cancer.

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Evaluation of clinical performance and survival rate of Straumann dental implants in Saudi Population based on cross-sectional study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89112-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reham AL Jasser ◽

Mohammed AlSarhan ◽

Dalal Alotaibi ◽

Saleh Aloraini ◽

Pradeep Koppolu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Hygiene ◽

Strong Association ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Titanium Implants ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Keratinized Tissue

AbstractRisk indicators of peri-implantitis is still contradictory and somehow unclear in present literature therefore efforts should be done for better understanding of the exact etiology of peri-implant disease progression. The present study aimed to assess risk indicators associated with peri-implantitis by observing the changes in several periodontal parameters after implant placement. This cross-sectional study included 213 female and 271 male patients aged 26–87 years, who received 484 titanium implants (Straumann, Switzerland) at King Saud University’s Dental College, Saudi Arabia. Patients were called for dental visits. During these visits; full clinical and radiographic assessment of implants were done. The periodontal pocket depth (PPD) was greater around implants placed at grafted sites than non-grafted sites and around bone-level implants than tissue-level implants. The plaque index (PI) was associated with poor oral hygiene. There was a strong association between graft (yes/no) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Patients with good oral hygiene showed high radiographic bone stability. Keratinized tissue width < 2 mm was associated with a higher PPD, higher PI, higher BOP, more edematous gingiva, and more exposed implant threads on radiography. In patients receiving implants, poor oral hygiene status and inadequate keratinized tissue level can be proposed as risk indicators for developing periimplantitis due to strong association found between them and developments of peri-implantitis.

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Hierarchical modeling of mechano-chemical dynamics of epithelial sheets across cells and tissue

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83396-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoshifumi Asakura ◽

Yohei Kondo ◽

Kazuhiro Aoki ◽

Honda Naoki

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Cell Migration ◽

Continuum Model ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Chemical Signals ◽

Cellular Level ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

Collective Cell Migration ◽

The Continuum ◽

Cell Cell

AbstractCollective cell migration is a fundamental process in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. This is a macroscopic population-level phenomenon that emerges across hierarchy from microscopic cell-cell interactions; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we addressed this issue by focusing on epithelial collective cell migration, driven by the mechanical force regulated by chemical signals of traveling ERK activation waves, observed in wound healing. We propose a hierarchical mathematical framework for understanding how cells are orchestrated through mechanochemical cell-cell interaction. In this framework, we mathematically transformed a particle-based model at the cellular level into a continuum model at the tissue level. The continuum model described relationships between cell migration and mechanochemical variables, namely, ERK activity gradients, cell density, and velocity field, which could be compared with live-cell imaging data. Through numerical simulations, the continuum model recapitulated the ERK wave-induced collective cell migration in wound healing. We also numerically confirmed a consistency between these two models. Thus, our hierarchical approach offers a new theoretical platform to reveal a causality between macroscopic tissue-level and microscopic cellular-level phenomena. Furthermore, our model is also capable of deriving a theoretical insight on both of mechanical and chemical signals, in the causality of tissue and cellular dynamics.

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Does the Interaction between Local and Systemic Inflammation Provide a Link from Psychology and Lifestyle to Tissue Health in Musculoskeletal Conditions?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147299 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7299

Author(s):

David M. Klyne ◽

Mary F. Barbe ◽

Greg James ◽

Paul W. Hodges

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Tissue Level ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Local Inflammation ◽

Musculoskeletal Conditions ◽

Tissue Biology ◽

Mind And Body

Musculoskeletal conditions are known to involve biological, psychological, social and, often, lifestyle elements. However, these domains are generally considered in isolation from each other. This siloed approach is unlikely to be adequate to understand the complexity of these conditions and likely explains a major component of the disappointing effects of treatment. This paper presents a hypothesis that aims to provide a foundation to understand the interaction and integration between these domains. We propose a hypothesis that provides a plausible link between psychology and lifestyle factors with tissue level effects (such as connective tissue dysregulation/accumulation) in musculoskeletal conditions that is founded on understanding the molecular basis for interaction between systemic and local inflammation. The hypothesis provides plausible and testable links between mind and body, for which empirical evidence can be found for many aspects. We present this hypothesis from the perspective of connective tissue biology and pathology (fibrosis), the role of inflammation locally (tissue level), and how this inflammation is shaped by systemic inflammation through bidirectional pathways, and various psychological and lifestyle factors via their influence on systemic inflammation. This hypothesis provides a foundation for new consideration of the development and refinement of personalized multidimensional treatments for individuals with musculoskeletal conditions.

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