scholarly journals Associations between Statin/Omega3 Usage and MRI-Based Radiomics Signatures in Prostate Cancer

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Yu Shi ◽  
Ethan Wahle ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Luke Krajewski ◽  
Xiaoying Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Field Bias

Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths among American men. Statins and omega-3 are two medications recently found to correlate with prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness, but the observed associations are complex and controversial. We therefore explore the novel application of radiomics in studying statin and omega-3 usage in prostate cancer patients. On MRIs of 91 prostate cancer patients, two regions of interest (ROIs), the whole prostate and the peripheral region of the prostate, were manually segmented. From each ROI, 944 radiomic features were extracted after field bias correction and normalization. Heatmaps were generated to study the radiomic feature patterns against statin or omega-3 usage. Radiomics models were trained on selected features and evaluated with 500-round threefold cross-validation for each drug/ROI combination. On the 1500 validation datasets, the radiomics model achieved average AUCs of 0.70, 0.74, 0.78, and 0.72 for omega-3/prostate, omega-3/peripheral, statin/prostate, and statin/peripheral, respectively. As the first study to analyze radiomics in relation to statin and omega-3 uses in prostate cancer patients, our study preliminarily established the existence of imaging-identifiable tissue-level changes in the prostate and illustrated the potential usefulness of radiomics for further exploring these medications’ effects and mechanisms in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals The relevance of serum levels of long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and prostate cancer risk: A Meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Chua ◽  
M.C.D. Sio ◽  
M.C. Sorongon ◽  
M.L. Morales Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Blood Level ◽  
Long Chain

Objective: Our objective was to systematically analyze the evidence for an association between serum level long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and prostate cancer risk from human epidemiological studies.Study Procedures: We searched biomedical literature databases up to November 2011 and included epidemiological studies with description of long chain n-3 PUFA and incidence of prostate cancer in humans. Critical appraisal was done by two independent reviewers. Data were pooled using the general variance-based method with random-effects model; effect estimates were expressed as risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed by Chi2 and quantified by I2, publication bias was also determined.Results: In total, 12 studies were included. Significant negative association was noted between high serum level of n-3 PUFA docosapentaenoicacid (DPA) and total prostate cancer risk (RR:0.756;95% CI 0.599, 0.955; p = 0.019). Likewise, a positive association between high blood level of fish oil contents, eicosapentaenoicacid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and high-grade prostate tumour incidence (RR:1.381; 95% CI 1.050, 1.817; p = 0.021) was noted; however, this finding was evident only after adjustment was done on interstudy variability through the removal of a lower quality study from the pool.Conclusions: High serum levels of long chain n-3 PUFA DPA is associated with reduced total prostate cancer risk. While high blood level of EPA and DHA is possibly associated with increased high-grade prostate tumour risk.

Germline heterozygous BLM mutations and prostate cancer risk.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 321-321
Author(s):  
Elisa Ledet ◽  
Emmanuel S. Antonarakis ◽  
Colin Pritchard ◽  
William B. Isaacs ◽  
A. Oliver Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Dna Helicase ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Increased Risk

321 Background: The BLM gene encodes a RecQ DNA helicase that is involved in homologous recombination. Biallelic BLM inactivation leads to Bloom syndrome, an inherited genetic disorder marked by chromosomal instability and multiple cancer susceptibilities. Conflicting studies have suggested that heterozygous BLM mutation carriers may have an increased risk of various cancers. Here we explored the role of germline pathogenic BLM mutations in prostate cancer. Methods: Prostate cancer patients with heterozygous BLM mutations were assembled from Tulane Cancer Center (TCC), Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) and University of Washington (UW). BLM germline mutations were identified either through commercial germline testing (Invitae), the UW-BROCA panel, or whole-exome sequencing. Corresponding tumor tissue was analyzed by DNA sequencing for somatic alterations. Population level control data were obtained from the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Results: 6 BLM germline carriers were identified among 985 advanced prostate cancer case; 2/295 TCC patients, 2/172 JHH patients, and 2/518 UW patients. Overall, pathogenic BLM mutations were detected in 0.609% (6/985) of prostate cancer cases. All mutations were loss-of-function truncating lesions (splicing or nonsense alterations). No Ashkenazi BLM mutations were observed. The population frequency of pathogenic or likely pathogenic BLM alterations detected in gnomAD was 0.025% (31/124,589). Compared to gnomAD controls, the relative risk of BLM mutations in prostate cancer patients was 24.3 (95% CI 10.2 to 58.2; P < 0.0001). One family had a pathogenic splice variant in BLM that cosegregated with disease in three of three cases with lethal/high risk prostate cancer. Tumor DNA sequencing was possible in 5 of 6 BLM carriers; no case demonstrated LOH or additional somatic BLM mutations. Interestingly, 2/5 cases on tumor sequencing also had bi-allelic BRCA2 inactivation. Conclusions: Germline BLM mutations may play a role in prostate cancer risk. Given the role of BLM in chromosomal stability and evidence of concurrent BRCA2 inactivation in a subset of cases, larger cohorts and functional analyses will be critical for better understanding the role of BLM in prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Effects of Marine Phospholipids Extract on the Lipid Levels of Metastatic and Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Küllenberg de Gaudry ◽  
Lenka A. Taylor ◽  
Jessica Kluth ◽  
Tobias Hübschle ◽  
Jonas Fritzsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Marine Phospholipids ◽  
High Fish

High intake of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) from fish has shown to reduce metastatic progression of prostate cancer. This clinical trial investigated the influence of high n-3 FA intake (marine phospholipids, MPL) on the FA composition of blood lipids, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and on lipoproteins in prostate cancer patients and elderly men without prostate cancer. MPL supplementation resulted in a significant increase of n-3 FAs (eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) in blood lipids, while arachidonic acid (n-6 FA) decreased significantly. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased significantly, but the LDL increase was observed only in subjects with an inactive tumour. Similarly, LPC plasma concentration increased significantly only in patients without tumour. The missing increase of LDL and LPC after MPL supplementation in patients with actively growing (metastasizing) prostate cancer suggests that tumour cells have an elevated demand for LDL and LPC. Due to the MPL-induced increase of n-3 FAs in these blood lipids, it can be assumed that especially actively growing and metastasizing prostate cancer cells are provided with elevated amounts of these antimetastatic n-3 FAs. A hypothetic model explaining the lower incidence of metastatic progression in prostate cancer patients with high fish consumption is presented.

Do Omega-3 Dietary Fatty Acids Lower Prostate Cancer Risk? A Review of the Literature

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C. Schumacher ◽  
Brett Laven ◽  
Alicja Wolk ◽  
Charles B. Brendler ◽  
Peter Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Review Of The Literature

scholarly journals A Scoping Review of Interactions between Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Genetic Variation in Relation to Cancer Risk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Karin Yurko-Mauro ◽  
Mary Van Elswyk ◽  
Lynn Teo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Long Chain

This scoping review examines the interaction of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and genetic variants of various types of cancers. A comprehensive search was performed to identify controlled and observational studies conducted through August 2017. Eighteen unique studies were included: breast cancer (n = 2), gastric cancer (n = 1), exocrine pancreatic cancer (n = 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1), prostate cancer (n = 7) and colorectal cancer (n = 6). An additional 13 studies that focused on fish intake or at-risk populations were summarized to increase readers’ understanding of the topic based on this review, DHA and EPA interact with certain genetic variants to decrease breast, colorectal and prostate cancer risk, although data was limited and identified polymorphisms were heterogeneous. The evidence to date demonstrates that omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) may decrease cancer risk by affecting genetic variants of inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress and tumor apoptosis. Collectively, data supports the notion that once a genetic variant is identified, the benefits of a targeted, personalized therapeutic regimen that includes DHA and/or EPA should be considered.

scholarly journals Next-generation sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in Moroccan prostate cancer patients with positive family history

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254101
Author(s):  
Fatiha Salmi ◽  
Fatima Maachi ◽  
Amal Tazzite ◽  
Rachid Aboutaib ◽  
Jamal Fekkak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Brca1 And Brca2 ◽  
Large Rearrangements ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer in Morocco. Although sporadic forms account for a large proportion of patients, familial forms of prostate cancer are observed in 20% of cases and about 5% are due to hereditary transmission. Indeed, germline mutations in BRCA1/2 genes have been associated with prostate cancer risk. However, the spectrum of these mutations was not investigated in Moroccan Prostate cancer patients. Thereby, the aim of this study was to characterize and to estimate the prevalence of germline BRCA1/2 mutations and large rearrangements in Moroccan patients with familial prostate cancer. The entire coding regions and intron/exon boundaries of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes have been analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) in a total of 30 familial prostate cancer patients. Three pathogenic mutations were detected in four unrelated patients (13.3%). One BRCA1 mutation (c.1953_1956delGAAA) and two BRCA2 mutations (c.7234_7235insG and BRCA2ΔE12). In addition, sixty-three distinct polymorphisms and unclassified variants have been found. Early identification of germline BRCA1/2 mutations may be relevant for the management of Moroccan prostate cancer patients.

scholarly journals Blood Level Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Risk Determinant Molecular Biomarker for Prostate Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mishell Kris Sorongon-Legaspi ◽  
Michael Chua ◽  
Maria Christina Sio ◽  
Marcelino Morales
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Blood Level

Previous researches involving dietary methods have shown conflicting findings. Authors sought to assess the association of prostate cancer risk with blood levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) through a meta-analysis of human epidemiological studies in available online databases (July, 2012). After critical appraisal by two independent reviewers, Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOQAS) was used to grade the studies. Six case control and six nested case control studies were included. Results showed nonsignificant association of overall effect estimates with total or advanced prostate cancer or high-grade tumor. High blood level of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) had nonsignificant positive association with total prostate cancer risk. High blood level of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) had significant negative association with total prostate cancer risk. Specific n-3 PUFA in fish oil, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) had positive association with high-grade prostate tumor risk only after adjustment of interstudy variability. There is evidence that high blood level of DPA that is linked with reduced total prostate cancer risk and elevated blood levels of fish oils, EPA, and DHA is associated with high-grade prostate tumor, but careful interpretation is needed due to intricate details involved in prostate carcinogenesis and N-3 PUFA metabolism.

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