Significance of keratinophiles in biofertilizer development from keratinous waste: Upcoming perspective

Development in food industry increases consumption of chicken by people and it is estimated that tons of poultry feathers are produced by poultry farms. Hairs are other forms of keratinous waste which is generated in huge amounts by leather industries and parlours worldwide. Chicken feathers and hairs are waste contains high-quality protein, hard to degraded. Eleven nondermatophytic keratinophilic fungi were isolated from soil by hair baiting method and were used to deteriorate hairs and feathers. Pictographic authentication showed that the microbial incidence started with surface colonization of keratinous substrate, mechanical interference of substrate by penetrating hyphae and development of broad perforating organs. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of degraded and undegraded hair and the feather was made. In the sulphoxide region at 1073, the band corresponding to S-O was observed with low intensity and poorly visible in control feathers, while in degraded feather intensity of the band was high in case of Chrysosporium indicum and Chrysosporium tropicum. In Hairs, S-O band was more intense in C indicum as compared to C. tropicum while it was absent in undegraded human hair. The present work observed keratin degradation activity on human hair and chicken feather by FTIR spectra which are useful in the study of structure and mechanism of keratinolysis. Keratinous waste degradation has great potential to convert them into various byproducts such as enzymes, amino acids, biofertilizer and animal feed.

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Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Suaad S. Alwakeel ◽

Fuad Ameen ◽

Hussah Al Gwaiz ◽

Hana Sonbol ◽

Salma Alghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Human Hair ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

Its Region ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Aspergillus Sydowii ◽

Keratinous Waste ◽

Favorable Conditions

Twenty fungal strains belonging to 17 species and isolated from male scalp hair were tested for their capacity to hydrolyze keratinous material from chicken feather. The identification of the three most efficient species was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Activities of fungal keratinases produced by Aspergillus stelliformis (strain AUMC 10920), A. sydowii (AUMC 10935), and Fusarium brachygibbosum (AUMC 10937) were 113, 120, and 130 IU mg−1 enzymes, respectively. The most favorable conditions were at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. Keratinase activity was markedly inhibited by EDTA and metal ions Ca+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, and Zn+2, with differences between the fungal species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the activity of keratinase produced by A. stelliformis, A. sydowii, and F. brachygibbosum. F. brachygibbosum keratinase was the most active, but the species is not recommended because of its known phytopathogenicty. Aspergillus sydowii has many known biotechnological solutions and here we add another application of the species, as producer of keratinases. We introduce A. stelliformis as new producer of active fungal keratinases for biotechnological solutions, such as in the management of keratinous waste in poultry industry.

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Construction of simplified microbial consortia to degrade recalcitrant materials based on enrichment and dilution-to-extinction cultures

10.1101/670133 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Dingrong Kang ◽

Samuel Jacquiod ◽

Jakob Herschend ◽

Shaodong Wei ◽

Joseph Nesme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Remediation ◽

Compositional Analysis ◽

Biotic Interactions ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Materials Management ◽

Systematic Scheme ◽

Keratinous Waste

AbstractThe capacity of microbes degrading recalcitrant materials has been extensively explored from environmental remediation to industrial applications. Although significant achievements were obtained with single strains, focus is now going toward the use of microbial consortia because of advantages in terms of functional stability and efficiency. While consortia assembly attempts were made from several known single strains, another approach consists in obtaining consortia from complex environmental microbial communities in search for novel microbial species, genes and functions. However, assembling efficient microbial consortia from complex environmental communities is far from trivial due to large diversity and biotic interactions at play. Here we propose a strategy containing enrichment and dilution-to-extinction cultures to construct simplified microbial consortia (SMC) for keratinous waste management, from complex environmental communities. Gradual dilutions were performed from a keratinolytic microbial consortium, and dilution 10−9was selected to construct a SMC library. Further compositional analysis and keratinolytic activity assays demonstrated that microbial consortia were successfully simplified, without impacting their biodegradation capabilities. These SMC possess promising potential for efficient keratinous valorization. More importantly, this reasoning and methodology could be transferred to other topics involving screening for simplified communities for biodegradation, thus considerably broadening its application scope.ImportanceMicrobial consortia have got more and more attention and extensive applications due to their potential advantages. However, a high diversity of microbes is likely to hide uncontrollable risks in practice specific to novel strains and complicated interaction networks. Exploring a convenient and efficient way to construct simplified microbial consortia is able to broaden the applied scope of microbes. This study presents the approach based on enrichment and dilution-to-extinction cultures, which gain abundance microbial consortia including some without losing efficiency from the enriched functional microbial community. The microbial interactions at the strain level were evaluated by using compositional identification and correlation analysis, which contribute to revealing the roles of microbes in the degradation process of recalcitrant materials. Our findings provide a systematic scheme to achieve optimizing microbial consortia for biodegradation from an environmental sample, could be readily applied to a range of recalcitrant materials management from environmental remediation to industrial applications.

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Identification of Keratinophilic Fungi in Urban Waste and Cattle Field Soil of Kanpur, India for Environmental Pollution Management

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i53a33652 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 199-206

Author(s):

Jitendra Kumar ◽

R. K. S. Kushwaha

Keyword(s):

Environmental Pollution ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Field Soil ◽

Huge Number ◽

Urban Waste ◽

Leather Processing ◽

Pollution Management ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Keratinous Waste

Kanpur is a city which has huge number of leather product units and leather processing plants. These units are one of major contributors of keratinous waste and produces keratinous material as waste in the form of hairs, hides, dermis. During the present study 83 keratinophilic fungi were isolated from 40 soil samples of urban waste and cattle field habitat of various localities. From 20 samples of urban waste, 44 keratinophilic fungi were isolated, 39 fungi recorded from Cattle field. The frequency of genera Chrysosporium was recorded in urban waste (29.54%) and cattle field soil (20.51%). Maximum (13.83%) frequency was recorded in the case of Chrysosporium indicum in urban waste.

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Bio-degradation of Feathers Waste by the Staphylococcus epidermidis P3A

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.14.4.37 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 2611-2617

Author(s):

A.R. Jagtap ◽

M.G. Bodhankar

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Feather Degradation ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Feather Waste ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

Keratinous Waste ◽

Potential Use ◽

Selection Of

Development of industrialization is directly proportional to the development of nations. Rising industrializations also increase the pollutions. One of them is poultry industry which discharges a huge amount of keratinous waste. The present study focused on the selection of feather degrading bacteria from Barshi region of Maharashtra. Bacterial strains were grown in whole feather broth medium. Out of 16 proteolytic bacterial isolates, 9 feather degrading isolates were selected from the Parande road side feather waste dumping area. Among these isolates, P3A was selected and classified on the basis of morphological and biochemical analysis. 16S rRNA studies confirmed that the isolated strain was Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis P3A shows 84% feather degradation and 72 U/ml maximum keratinase activity after 96 hrs. The isolate shows potential use in feather waste disposal methods which are safe and environment friendly.

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Biodegradation of Keratinous Waste Substrates by Arthroderma multifidum

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajaps.2016.106.112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 106-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarun Kumar Kumawat ◽

Anima Sharma ◽

Seema Bhadauria

Keyword(s):

Keratinous Waste

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Keratinolytic activity from new recombinant fusant AYA2000, derived from endophyticMicromonosporastrains

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w10-058 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 748-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ahmed M. El-Bondkly ◽

Mervat M.A. El-Gendy

Keyword(s):

Genetic Recombination ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Deae Cellulose ◽

Sole Source ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Alkaline Serine Protease ◽

Ammonium Sulphate Precipitation ◽

Wild Strains ◽

Keratinous Waste ◽

Different Strains

Two different endophytic strains, ESRAA1997 and ALAA2000, were isolated from the Egyptian herbal plant Anastatica hierochuntica . The 2 strains produced alkaline serine protease and were identified based on their phenotypic and chemotypic characteristics as different strains of Micromonospora spp. Both strains grew and produced keratinase, using different keratinous waste substances as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. In our study, the activity and properties of keratinase enzymes of the wild strains ESRAA1997 and ALAA2000 were altered by genetic recombination through protoplast fusion between them, leading to a potent keratinolytic fusant Micromonospora strain AYA2000 with improved properties (activity, stability, specificity, and tolerance to inhibitors). Using a mixture of yeast extract, peptone, and malt extract as a supplement to the bovine hair medium increased keratinase production by 48%, and addition of 1% glucose suppressed enzyme production by Micromonospora strain AYA2000. The enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and DEAE–cellulose chromatography followed by gel filtration. The molecular weight, estimated using SDS–PAGE, was 39 kDa. The enzyme exhibited remarkable activity towards all keratinous wastes used and could also adapt to a broad range of pH and temperatures, with optima at pH 11 and 60 °C. The enzyme was not influenced by chelating reagents, metal ions, or alcohols. These properties make AYA2000 keratinase an ideal candidate for biotechnological application.

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Valorization of refractory keratinous waste using a new and sustainable bio-catalysis

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2020.125420 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 397 ◽

pp. 125420

Author(s):

Lichun Guo ◽

Liushen Lu ◽

Minxia Yin ◽

Ruijin Yang ◽

Zhong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Keratinous Waste

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