Keratinolysis of chicken feather and human hair by nondermatophytic keratinophilic fungi isolated from soil

Development in food industry increases consumption of chicken by people and it is estimated that tons of poultry feathers are produced by poultry farms. Hairs are other forms of keratinous waste which is generated in huge amounts by leather industries and parlours worldwide. Chicken feathers and hairs are waste contains high-quality protein, hard to degraded. Eleven nondermatophytic keratinophilic fungi were isolated from soil by hair baiting method and were used to deteriorate hairs and feathers. Pictographic authentication showed that the microbial incidence started with surface colonization of keratinous substrate, mechanical interference of substrate by penetrating hyphae and development of broad perforating organs. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of degraded and undegraded hair and the feather was made. In the sulphoxide region at 1073, the band corresponding to S-O was observed with low intensity and poorly visible in control feathers, while in degraded feather intensity of the band was high in case of Chrysosporium indicum and Chrysosporium tropicum. In Hairs, S-O band was more intense in C indicum as compared to C. tropicum while it was absent in undegraded human hair. The present work observed keratin degradation activity on human hair and chicken feather by FTIR spectra which are useful in the study of structure and mechanism of keratinolysis. Keratinous waste degradation has great potential to convert them into various byproducts such as enzymes, amino acids, biofertilizer and animal feed.

Download Full-text

Keratinases Produced by Aspergillus stelliformis, Aspergillus sydowii, and Fusarium brachygibbosum Isolated from Human Hair: Yield and Activity

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7060471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 471

Author(s):

Suaad S. Alwakeel ◽

Fuad Ameen ◽

Hussah Al Gwaiz ◽

Hana Sonbol ◽

Salma Alghamdi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Human Hair ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Scalp Hair ◽

Its Region ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Aspergillus Sydowii ◽

Keratinous Waste ◽

Favorable Conditions

Twenty fungal strains belonging to 17 species and isolated from male scalp hair were tested for their capacity to hydrolyze keratinous material from chicken feather. The identification of the three most efficient species was confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA. Activities of fungal keratinases produced by Aspergillus stelliformis (strain AUMC 10920), A. sydowii (AUMC 10935), and Fusarium brachygibbosum (AUMC 10937) were 113, 120, and 130 IU mg−1 enzymes, respectively. The most favorable conditions were at pH 8.0 and 50 °C. Keratinase activity was markedly inhibited by EDTA and metal ions Ca+2, Co+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Fe+2, Mg+2, and Zn+2, with differences between the fungal species. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the activity of keratinase produced by A. stelliformis, A. sydowii, and F. brachygibbosum. F. brachygibbosum keratinase was the most active, but the species is not recommended because of its known phytopathogenicty. Aspergillus sydowii has many known biotechnological solutions and here we add another application of the species, as producer of keratinases. We introduce A. stelliformis as new producer of active fungal keratinases for biotechnological solutions, such as in the management of keratinous waste in poultry industry.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in usar soils of Uttar Pradesh, India

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2011.e15 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh ◽

Shilpa Amit Verekar

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Alkaline Soils ◽

Trichophyton Terrestre ◽

Chrysosporium Tropicum

Alkaline soils commonly called as Usar soil having pH 7.5 to 11.0 is commonly found in regions having poor drainage and little percolation. These soils occupy vast tracts of barren lands in the northern parts of India. These areas are frequently visited by man and animals, however there are no reports on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi from the Usar soils. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the alkaline Usar soil. To investigate the occurrence of soil keratinophilic fungi from Usar soil, 120 samples were collected from five districts of Uttar Pradesh viz. Lucknow, Bareilly, Azamgarh, Balia and Pratapgarh. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated by the hair baiting techniques using human hair as keratin bait. The cultures were identified using macro- and micro morphological features. Eighty-tow strains of keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 120 (68.33%) soil samples. The isolated fungi were composed of ten species of five genera viz. Chrysosporium indicum (19.16%), Microsporum gypseum (12.5%), Chrysosporium tropicum (10.0%), Chrysosporium pannicola (7.5%), Trichophyton terrestre (5.83%), Chrysosporium lucknowense (4.16%), Chrysosporium state of Ctenomyces serratus (3.33%), Gymnascella dankailensis (3.33%), Gymnoascus reessii (1.66 %) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (1.66 %). The presence of keratinophilic fungi in the Usar soils of Uttar Pradesh, India indicates that these fungi do occur at higher alkalinity.

Download Full-text

ACOUSTIC PANEL CHICKEN FEATHER WASTE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

10.31224/osf.io/ge89b ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ansarullah ◽

Ramli Rahim ◽

Baharuddin Hamzah ◽

Asniawaty Kusno ◽

Muhammad Tayeb

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Selling Price ◽

Chicken Feather ◽

Chicken Feathers ◽

The Road ◽

Feather Waste ◽

Chicken Feather Waste ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

Chicken feathers are the result of waste from slaughterhouses and billions ofkilograms of waste produced by various kinds of poultry processing. This hal is a veryserious problem for the environment because it causes the impact of pollution. Hasmany utilization of chicken feather waste such as making komocen, accessories,upholstery materials, making brackets to the manufacture of animal feed but from theresults of this activity cannot reduce the production of chicken feathers that hiscontinuously increase every year. This is due to the fact that the selling price of chickenmeat has been reached by consumers with middle to upper economic levels. This caneasily be a chicken menu in almost all restaurants and restaurants to the food stalls onthe side of the road. An alternative way of utilizing chicken feathers is to makecomposite materials in the form of panels. Recent studies have shown that the pvacmaterial can be utilized as a mixing and adhesive material with mashed or groundfeathered composites to form a panel that can later be used as an acoustic material.The test results show that the absorption of chicken feathers and pvac glue into panelscan absorb sound well with an absorption coefficient of 0.59, light. This result is veryeconomical so it is worth to be recommended as an acoustic material. Apart from theresults of research methods carried out is one of the environmentally friendly activitiesin particular the handling of waste problems

Download Full-text

Performance of weaning and post-weaned steers fed partial or complete extruded diets

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600026192 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 1994 ◽

pp. 72-72

Author(s):

X. Serrano ◽

M.D. Baucells ◽

F. Puchal

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Heat Processing ◽

Extrusion Cooking ◽

Feed Manufacturing ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Extruded Products ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Extrusion Technology ◽

Made In

Extrusion-cooking has become a well established industrial technology with a number of food and feed applications. In addition to the usual benefits of heat processing, extrusion offers the possibility of modifying the functional properties of feed ingredients and/or of giving them a different texture (Cheftel, 1986). During the last 10-15 years significant advances have been made in the application of extrusion technology to the animal feed manufacturing. However there is a lack of information on the use of extruded products in starter diets for steers. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects on the performance of weaning and post-weaned steers of the inclusion of several extruded ingredients in the diet.Thirty nine 1 to 2 week-old male friesian steers (mean body weight of 54 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments from outcome groups of similar initial weights.

Download Full-text

Incidence of Keratinophilic Fungi from Selected Soils of Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra State, India

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2014/148970 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh ◽

Shilpa Amit Verekar

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Its2 Rdna ◽

Blast Search ◽

Chrysosporium Tropicum

One hundred and fifty samples were collected from eleven districts of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state and screened for the presence of keratinophilic fungi using hair baiting technique for isolation. Seventy-one isolates were recovered and identified. The cultures were identified using macro- and micromorphological features. Their identification was also confirmed by the BLAST search of sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region against the NCBI/Genbank data and compared with deposited sequences for identification purpose. Thirteen species of eight genera were isolated, namely, Auxarthron conjugatum (2.00%), Chrysosporium indicum (14.00%), Chrysosporium evolceanui (2.66%), Chrysosporium tropicum (4.66%), Chrysosporium zonatum (1.33%), Chrysosporium state of Ctenomyces serratus (3.33%), Gymnascella dankaliensis (1.33%), Gymnascella hyalinospora (0.66%), Gymnoascoideus petalosporus (0.66%), Microsporum gypseum complex (9.33%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (2.00%), T. terrestre (3.33%), and Uncinocarpus queenslandicus (2.00%). This study indicates that the soils of Vidarbha region of Maharashtra may be significant reservoirs of certain keratinophilic fungi.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of keratinophilic fungi in public park soils of Mumbai, India

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2012.e6 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sunil Kumar Deshmukh ◽

Shilpa Amit Verekar

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Shake Flask Culture ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Public Parks ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Public Park

The parks of Mumbai are frequently visited by local residents every morning and evening. However, there are no reports on the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in these areas. The purpose of this research was to study the occurrence of keratinophilic fungi in the public parks of Mumbai. One hundred soil samples were collected from five public parks: Kamla Nehru Park, Powai Garden, CD Deshmukh Garden, Five Gardens and Chota Kashmir. Keratinophilic fungi were isolated by the hair baiting technique using human hair as keratin bait. The cultures were identified using macroand micro-morphological features. Identification was also confirmed by the BLAST search of sequences of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region against the NCBI/Genbank data and compared with deposited sequences. The ability of these fungi to use human hair was also evaluated by release of protein in liquid media. A total of 75 strains of keratinophilic fungi were recovered from 100 (75.0%) soil samples. The isolated fungi were composed of eleven species of eight genera: Arthrographis kalrae, Auxarthron conjugatum, Chrysosporium indicum, C. queenslandicum, C. zonatum, Gymnascella dankaliensis, G. hyalinospora, Microsporum gypseum (15.0%), Myriodontium keratinophilum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Uncinocarpus reesii. These fungi can release 148.8-307.6 μg/mL protein in liquid media when grown on human hair in shake flask culture and also decompose 16.2-38.6% of human hair after four weeks of incubation. Our study indicates that keratinophilic fungi are to be found in the soils of various public parks in Mumbai and that human hair can be a source of pathogenic fungi.

Download Full-text

Degradation of Human Hair by some Dematophytes and other Keratinophilic Fungi: Der Abbau von menschlichem Haar durch einige Dermatophyten und andere keratinophile Pilze

Mycoses ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0507.1985.tb02160.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (9) ◽

pp. 463-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. K. Deshmukh ◽

S. C. Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi

Download Full-text

Proteomics of an Orphan Legume, Grasspea: Current Status and Future Strategy

Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology ◽

10.3329/ptcb.v25i1.24131 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 117-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Divya Rathi ◽

Subhra Chakraborty ◽

Niranjan Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Current Status ◽

Research Attention ◽

Food Animal ◽

Future Strategy ◽

The Common ◽

Future Direction ◽

As Stress ◽

Made In

Orphan legumes are defined as those which are grown as food, animal feed and/or other legumes of agriculture importance, but which have received very little research attention. Grasspea is one of the best examples of such legume which is cultivated worldwide, as it is the cheapest source of dietary protein particularly for the developing world. It has remained outside the realm of largescale functional genomics studies. Many grasspea cultivars are capable to withstand a myriad of constraints, not only the common abiotic stresses, but pests and pathogen attack making it one of the potential systems to study stress tolerance. In recent years, most of its traits that interest biologists worldwide, such as stress tolerance, have rated so high that a number of new initiatives have been taken by different research groups for better and safer use of grasspea. In this review, we discuss the progress made in the field of grasspea proteomics to date and dwell upon the future direction/problems/approaches towards defining the grasspea proteome.Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(1): 117-141, 2015 (June)

Download Full-text

Geophilic dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi in the nests of wetland birds

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.2011.005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 83-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska ◽

Ignacy Kitowski ◽

Helena Iglik

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Wetland Birds ◽

Trichophyton Terrestre ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Geophilic Dermatophytes ◽

Chrysosporium Tropicum ◽

And Chemical Properties

The frequency and species diversity of keratinophilic fungi in 38 nests of nine species of wetland birds were examined. Nine species of geophilic dermatophytes and 13 Chrysosporium species were recorded. Ch. keratinophilum, which together with its teleomorph (Aphanoascus fulvescens) represented 53% of the keratinolytic mycobiota of the nests, was the most frequently observed species. Chrysosporium tropicum, Trichophyton terrestre and Microsporum gypseum populations were less widespread. The distribution of individual populations was not uniform and depended on physical and chemical properties of the nests (humidity, pH).

Download Full-text

Keratinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1994.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 201-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bazyli Czeczuga ◽

Elżbieta Muszyńska

Keyword(s):

Human Hair ◽

New Records ◽

Keratinophilic Fungi ◽

Water Bodies

The keratinophilic fungi in various types of water bodies (slough. pond. beach pool. two lakes and two rivers) were studied. Samples of water were collected every other month for bydrochemical analysis and once a month (1989-1990) in order to determine the fungus content. Human hair, snippings of finger-nails, chips of hoofs, feathers and snake exuviae were used as bait. Twenty-five species of keratinophilic fungi were found in various types of water bodies. Hyphochytrium catenoides, Aphanomyces stellatus, Leptolegniella caudala and Achlya oligacantha represent new records as koratinophilic fungi.

Download Full-text