Short and long sleep duration and risk of drowsy driving and the role of subjective sleep insufficiency

Inflammation in elderly is associated with physical and cognitive morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the association of modifiable lifestyle parameters with inflammation among non-demented, community-dwelling elderly. A sub-sample of 117 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 63) and cognitively non-impaired controls (CNI, n = 54) were recruited from a large, population-based cohort in Crete, Greece, of 3140 elders (> 60 years old). All participants underwent assessment of medical history/physical examination, extensive neuropsychiatric/neuropsychological evaluation, diet, three-day 24-h actigraphy, subjective sleep, physical activity, and measurement of IL-6 and TNFα plasma levels. Associations between inflammatory markers and diet, objective sleep duration, subjective sleep quality, and lack of physical activity were assessed using multivariate models. Regression analyses in the total group revealed significant associations between TNF-α and low vegetable consumption (p = 0.003), and marginally with objective long nighttime sleep duration (p = 0.04). In addition, IL-6 was associated with low vegetable consumption (p = 0.001) and lack of physical activity (p = 0.001). Poor diet and lack of physical activity appear to be modifiable risk factors of inflammation, whereas long sleep appears to be a marker of increased inflammatory response in elderly. Our findings may have clinical implications given the association of inflammatory response with morbidity, including cognitive decline, and mortality in elderly.

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Cannabis Use and Sleep: A look at the Expectations, Outcomes, and the Role of Age

10.26828/cannabis.2021.01.000.12 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Evan Winiger ◽

Leah Hitchcock ◽

Angela Bryan ◽

Cinnamon Bidwell

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Age Range ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: Estimate the associations between cannabis use with expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid, subjective sleep outcomes, and the influence of age on these relationships. Methods: In 152 moderate cannabis users (67% female, mean age = 31.45, SD = 12.96, age range = 21-70) we assessed the influence of cannabis use history and behaviors on expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid and subjective sleep outcomes via the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We used moderation analysis to examine the role of age in the relationship between cannabis use and subjective sleep outcomes. Results: Cannabis use along with more frequent cannabis use were associated with increased expectations that cannabis use improves sleep (all β > 0.03, p < 0.04). Frequency of recent cannabis use and reported average THC or CBD concentration were largely not associated with subjective sleep outcomes. However, endorsing current cannabis use was associated with worse subjective sleep quality (β = 1.34, p = 0.02) and increased frequency of consuming edibles was associated with worse subjective sleep efficiency (β = 0.03, p = 0.04), lower sleep duration (β = 0.03, p = 0.01), and higher global PSQI scores (worse overall sleep) (β = 0.10, p = 0.01). Furthermore, age was determined to have a moderating influence on the relationship between increased concentration of CBD and both better sleep duration and sleep quality (both p < 0.03). Conclusion: Cannabis users have higher expectations of cannabis being a sleep aid, but few associations existed between cannabis use and subjective sleep outcomes with the exceptions of endorsing any cannabis use and frequency of edible use. Additionally, age may be an important moderator of the potential positive influence CBD concentration can have on sleep.

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Impaired Performance in Commercial Drivers: Role of Sleep Apnea and Short Sleep Duration

Yearbook of Pulmonary Disease ◽

10.1016/s8756-3452(08)70701-1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 270-272

Author(s):

B.A. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Impaired Performance ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Commercial Drivers

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Subjective Sleep Debt Is Correlated with Body Fat Percentage Independent of Sleep Duration

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1675-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1675-P

Author(s):

XIAO TAN ◽

CHRISTIAN BENEDICT

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Fat ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

Sleep Debt

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Combination of sleep duration, TV time and body mass index is associated with cardiometabolic risk moderated by age in youth

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2020-0399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Ana P. Sehn ◽

Anelise R. Gaya ◽

Caroline Brand ◽

Arieli F. Dias ◽

Roya Kelishadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Television Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moderating Role

AbstractObjectivesThe combination of sleep duration, television (TV) time and body mass index (BMI) may be related to the alteration of cardiometabolic risk. However, there are few studies that use these variables grouped, and showing the moderating role of age. This study aimed to verify if the combination of sleep duration, TV time and BMI is associated with cardiometabolic risk and the moderating role of age in this relationship in youth.MethodsCross-sectional study conducted with 1411 adolescents (611 male), aged 10–17 years. Sleep duration, TV time and BMI were assessed and grouped into eight categories. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed by a continuous metabolic risk score, including the following variables: low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, dysglycemia, high systolic blood pressure, high waist circumference and low cardiorespiratory fitness. Generalized linear models were used to test moderation of age in the relationship between the eight categories of sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk.ResultsCardiometabolic risk factor showed association with all overweight or obesity independent of sleep time and TV time. Age moderated the relationship between sleep duration/television time/BMI with cardiometabolic risk. This association was stronger in younger adolescents (11 and 13 years), indicating that individuals with inadequate sleep, prolonged TV time and overweight/obesity present higher cardiometabolic risk values when compared to 15-year-old adolescents.ConclusionOverweight/obesity, independently of sleep duration and TV time, is the main risk factor for cardiometabolic disorders in adolescence. When moderated by age, younger adolescents that presented the combination of risk factors had higher cardiometabolic risk.

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542 Objective Sleep Duration, Sleep Timing and Completion of In Vitro Fertilization Cycles; a Prospective Cohort Study

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A214-A214

Author(s):

Chawanont Pimolsri ◽

Xiru Lyu ◽

Cathy Goldstein ◽

Chelsea Fortin ◽

Sunni Mumford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Embryo Transfer ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Medical Center ◽

Working Women ◽

Vitro Fertilization ◽

Circadian Misalignment ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Sleep Timing

Abstract Introduction Sleep duration and circadian misalignment have been linked to fertility and fecundability. However, sleep in women undergoing IVF has rarely been examined. This study investigated the role of sleep duration and timing with completion of an IVF cycle. Methods Prospective study of women undergoing IVF at a tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2017. Sleep was assessed by wrist-worn actigraphy 1–2 weeks prior to the initiation of their IVF cycle. Reproductive profile, IVF cycle details, demographic and health information were obtained from medical charts. Sleep duration, midpoint and bedtime were examined in relation to IVF cycle completion using logistic regression models, adjusted for age and anti-Müllerian hormone levels. A sub-analysis excluded women who worked non-day shifts to control for circadian misalignment. Results A total of 48 women were studied. Median age was 33y (range 25–42), with 29% of women older than 35 years. Ten women had an IVF cycle cancellation prior to embryo transfer. These women had shorter sleep duration, more nocturnal awakenings, lower sleep efficiency, and later sleep timing in comparison to those who completed their cycle. Twenty-minute increases in sleep duration were associated with lower odds of an uncompleted IVF cycle (OR = 0.88; 95% CI 0.78, 1.00). Women with later sleep midpoints and later bedtime had higher odds of an uncompleted cycle relative to those with earlier midpoints and earlier bedtime; OR=1.24; 95% CI 1.09, 1.40 and OR=1.33; 95% CI 1.17, 1.53 respectively, per 20-minute increments. These results were independent of age, levels of anti-Müllerian hormone, or sleep duration, and remained unchanged after exclusion of shift-working women. Conclusion This study demonstrated the influence of sleep duration and sleep timing on the odds of an uncompleted IVF cycle prior to embryo transfer. Sleep is a modifiable behavior that may contribute to IVF cycle success. Support (if any):

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Causal associations of short and long sleep durations with 12 cardiovascular diseases: linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization analyses in UK Biobank

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab170 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sizhi Ai ◽

Jihui Zhang ◽

Guoan Zhao ◽

Ningjian Wang ◽

Guohua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Short Sleep Duration ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Causal Risk Factor ◽

Long Sleep ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Aims Observational studies have suggested strong associations between sleep duration and many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but causal inferences have not been confirmed. We aimed to determine the causal associations between genetically predicted sleep duration and 12 CVDs using both linear and nonlinear Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. Methods and results Genetic variants associated with continuous, short (≤6 h) and long (≥9 h) sleep durations were used to examine the causal associations with 12 CVDs among 404 044 UK Biobank participants of White British ancestry. Linear MR analyses showed that genetically predicted sleep duration was negatively associated with arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, pulmonary embolism, and chronic ischaemic heart disease after correcting for multiple tests (P < 0.001). Nonlinear MR analyses demonstrated nonlinearity (L-shaped associations) between genetically predicted sleep duration and four CVDs, including arterial hypertension, chronic ischaemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction. Complementary analyses provided confirmative evidence of the adverse effects of genetically predicted short sleep duration on the risks of 5 out of the 12 CVDs, including arterial hypertension, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and chronic ischaemic heart disease (P < 0.001), and suggestive evidence for atrial fibrillation (P < 0.05). However, genetically predicted long sleep duration was not associated with any CVD. Conclusion This study suggests that genetically predicted short sleep duration is a potential causal risk factor of several CVDs, while genetically predicted long sleep duration is unlikely to be a causal risk factor for most CVDs.

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Association between change in sleep duration and posttraumatic stress symptoms in natural disaster victims: The mediating role of resilience

Sleep Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.042 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sun-Young Kim ◽

Soo In Kim ◽

Weon-Jeong Lim

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Natural Disaster ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms ◽

Disaster Victims ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Stress Symptoms

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304 The relationship between basic personality, subjective sleep duration, and psychological distress during a military deployment

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A121-A121

Author(s):

Walter Sowden ◽

Alexxa Bessey ◽

Julie Merrill ◽

Ashlee Mckeon ◽

Jake Choynowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Big Five ◽

Military Personnel ◽

The United States ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Medicine Research ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction Extended, overseas operations (deployments) increase the likelihood that military personnel will experience psychological distress. Reduced sleep during deployments is a key correlate of psychological distress. Thus, it is imperative to identify mechanisms that adaptively modulate the relationship between insufficient sleep and psychological distress. Research has recently connected basic personality traits (i.e., the Big Five: extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness) to more sleep. The current project aimed to examine the relationship between basic personality traits, subjective sleep duration (SSD), and psychological distress during an operational deployment. Methods 488 soldiers took surveys both prior to and half-way through a nine-month deployment. The pre-deployment survey included the Big Five Index, and three standardized measures of psychological distress commonly used to screen military personnel for anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder; GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-8), and post-traumatic stress (Posttraumatic Symptom Disorder Checklist; PCL-4). The mid-deployment survey included an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index measuring SSD and the same psychological distress measures from the pre-deployment survey. General linear models were used to test the interaction between SSD and each basic personality trait on each measure of psychological distress at mid-deployment while accounting for psychological distress at pre-deployment. Results Of the Big Five, conscientiousness was the only trait to significantly moderate the relationship between SSD and anxiety, t = 2.11, p = .035, where higher conscientiousness weakened the relationship. Further only agreeableness attenuated the relationship between depression and SSD, t = 2.10, p = .036. Interestingly, the only Big Five trait that moderated the relationship between SSD and PTS was openness, insomuch that openness strengthened the relationship, t = -1.92, p = .055. Conclusion The relationship between SSD and psychological distress was uniquely impacted by different personality traits. These results reinforce the age-old concept that behavior is the product of a complex, nuanced, and puzzling interaction between the individual and the environment. The current research motivates further research into personality as an adaptive mechanism for optimizing military wellbeing. Support (if any) Support for this study came from the Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) of the United States Army Medical Research and Development Command (USAMRDC).

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