Incorporating multiple congestion levels into spatiotemporal analysis for the impact of a traffic incident

Abstract Background Fifteen states have defunded family planning health centers (FPHCs), causing thousands to be left without health services. This has accelerated in the COVID-19 era. FPHCs provide low-income individuals in rural areas with essential primary care services, including sexually transmitted infection prevention, testing, and treatment. The purpose of this analysis is to use spatiotemporal methods to examine the impact of FPHC closures in Iowa on the reported number of gonorrhea and chlamydia cases at the county level. Methods This analysis investigates the association between FPHC closures and changes in the number of gonorrhea and chlamydia cases between 2016 and 2018. Iowa implemented defunding policies for family planning clinics, resulting in four FPHC closures in June 2017. 2016 pre-closure STI incidence rates were compared to 2018 post-closure rates. Gonorrhea and chlamydia rates in the four Iowa counties with clinic closures were compared to the 95 Iowa counties without closures. T tests were used to compare changes in reported gonorrhea and chlamydia rates in the two settings. Linear regression modeling was used to determine the relationship between clinic closures and changes in gonorrhea and chlamydia cases. Results The gonorrhea burden in Iowa increased from 83 cases per 100,000 people in 2016 to 153.8 cases per 100,000 people in 2018. The four counties with clinic closures experienced a significantly larger increase (absolute 217 cases per 100,000 population) in their gonorrhea rate compared to counties without FPHC closures (absolute 121 cases per 100,000 population). There was also a significant relationship between clinic closures and increasing gonorrhea rates (p = 0.0015). Over the three-year period, there was no change in chlamydia rates (p = 0.1182). However, there was a trend towards counties with more FPHC closures having a higher number of chlamydia cases (p = 0.057). Conclusion Despite the fact that many STI diagnoses are made and reported by FPHCs, our data suggest that clinic closures may have contributed to an increase in gonorrhea and chlamydia cases. This is consistent with delayed diagnoses and missed opportunities for providing essential STI services to vulnerable and under-served rural residents. Legislative action is urgently needed to curtail this trend. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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The impact of mangrove damage on tidal flooding in the subdistrict of Tugu, Semarang, Central Java

Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management ◽

10.15243/jdmlm.2021.091.3093 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3093-3105

Author(s):

Westi Utami ◽

Yuli Ardianto Wibowo ◽

Ahmad Haris Hadi ◽

Fajar Buyung Permadi

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Maximum Likelihood Algorithm ◽

Tidal Flooding ◽

Mangrove Area ◽

Central Java ◽

The Impact ◽

Natural Barrier ◽

Mangrove Conservation

Expansion of industrial areas, aquaculture, settlements, and limited knowledge of the community about the function of mangroves allegedly led to the conversion of mangrove functions in the early 1990s. This study aimed to map the condition of mangroves from 1988, 1990, 1995, 2008, to 2021 and their effect on the widespread of tidal flooding in three villages (Mangkang Kulon, Mangunharjo, Mangkang Wetan) in Tugu subdistrict, Semarang City. The research method was carried out by using spatiotemporal analysis of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 imagery through the supervised approach (Maximum Likelihood algorithm). In order to map the correlation of mangrove damage with the widespread impact of tidal flooding, an overlay analysis of land use maps was carried out in 1988, 1990, 1995, 2008 and 2021. The results of the study showed that mangrove damage is correlated with the widespread of tidal flooding that drowns settlements, ponds, and agricultural land. Data analysis showed that the mangrove area in three villages has decreased from 1988 to 2021, covering an area of 242.66 ha. This condition is one of the triggers for the increase in tidal flooding area from 1988 to 2021, covering an area of 253.135 ha. As a natural barrier to prevent abrasion and tidal flooding, mangrove conservation is very necessary, considering the impact of tidal flooding on the coast of Semarang City is increasingly widespread.

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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Serogroup C Meningococcal Meningitis Spread in Niger and Nigeria and Implications for Epidemic Response

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 220 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. S244-S252 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura V Cooper ◽

Olivier Ronveaux ◽

Katya Fernandez ◽

Clement Lingani ◽

Kadade Goumbi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Clustering ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Meningococcal Meningitis ◽

High Coverage ◽

Alternative Strategies ◽

High Incidence ◽

Epidemic Response ◽

Vaccination Campaigns ◽

Global And Local ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background After the re-emergence of serogroup C meningococcal meningitis (MM) in Nigeria and Niger, we aimed to re-evaluate the vaccination policy used to respond to outbreaks of MM in the African meningitis belt by investigating alternative strategies using a lower incidence threshold and information about neighboring districts. Methods We used data on suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases in Niger and Nigeria from 2013 to 2017. We calculated global and local Moran’s I-statistics to identify spatial clustering of districts with high MM incidence. We used a Pinner model to estimate the impact of vaccination campaigns occurring between 2015 and 2017 and to evaluate the impact of 3 alternative district-level vaccination strategies, compared with that currently used. Results We found significant clustering of high incidence districts in every year, with local clusters around Tambuwal, Nigeria in 2013 and 2014, Niamey, Niger in 2016, and in Sokoto and Zamfara States in Nigeria in 2017. We estimate that the vaccination campaigns implemented in 2015, 2016, and 2017 prevented 6% of MM cases. Using the current strategy but with high coverage (85%) and timely distribution (4 weeks), these campaigns could have prevented 10% of cases. This strategy required the fewest doses of vaccine to prevent a case. None of the alternative strategies we evaluated were more efficient, but they would have prevented the occurrence of more cases overall. Conclusions Although we observed significant spatial clustering in MM in Nigeria and Niger between 2013 and 2017, there is no strong evidence to support a change in methods for epidemic response in terms of lowering the intervention threshold or targeting neighboring districts for reactive vaccination.

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Fine-Grained Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Impact of Restricting Factories, Motor Vehicles, and Fireworks on Air Pollution

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17134828 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (13) ◽

pp. 4828

Author(s):

Mei Yang ◽

Hong Fan ◽

Kang Zhao

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Yangtze River Delta ◽

Influential Factors ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Emission Scenarios ◽

Fine Grained ◽

The Impact ◽

Pm2.5 Concentration

Aiming at improving the air quality and protecting public health, policies such as restricting factories, motor vehicles, and fireworks have been widely implemented. However, fine-grained spatiotemporal analysis of these policies’ effectiveness is lacking. This paper collected the hourly meteorological and PM2.5 data for three typical emission scenarios in Hubei, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), and Yangtze River Delta (YRD). Then, this study simulated the PM2.5 concentration under the same meteorological conditions and different emission scenarios based on a reliable hourly spatiotemporal random forest model ( R 2 exceeded 0.84). Finally, we investigated the fine-grained spatiotemporal impact of restricting factories, vehicles, and fireworks on PM2.5 concentrations from the perspective of hours, days, regions, and land uses, excluding meteorological interference. On average, restricting factories and vehicles reduced the PM2.5 concentration at 02:00, 08:00, 14:00, and 20:00 by 18.57, 16.22, 25.00, and 19.07 μ g / m 3 , respectively. Spatially, it had the highest and quickest impact on Hubei, with a 27.05 μ g / m 3 decrease of PM2.5 concentration and 17 day lag to begin to show significant decline. This was followed by YRD, which experienced a 23.52 μ g / m 3 decrease on average and a 23 day lag. BTH was the least susceptible; the PM2.5 concentration decreased by only 8.2 μ g / m 3 . In addition, influenced by intensive human activities, the cultivated, urban, and rural lands experienced a larger decrease in PM2.5 concentration. These empirical results revealed that restricting factories, vehicles, and fireworks is effective in alleviating air pollution and the effect showed significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The policymakers should further investigate influential factors of hourly PM2.5 concentrations, combining with local geographical and social environment, and implement more effective and targeted policies to improve local air quality, especially for BTH and the air quality at morning and night.

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Comparison Between the Life Recovery Processes After the Mid-Niigata Earthquake and the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake – Results of a Random Sampled Social Survey Using the Life Recovery Calendar and GIS-Based Spatiotemporal Analysis

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2015.p0196 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 196-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reo Kimura ◽

◽

Munenari Inoguchi ◽

Keiko Tamura ◽

Haruo Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Social Survey ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Niigata Prefecture ◽

The Status ◽

The Impact

This study focuses on recovery efforts following the Mid-Niigata Earthquake in October 2004 and the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake in July 2007 in Niigata Prefecture. Results of a randomsample questionnaire survey conducted in affected areas and throughout the prefecture are analyzed using a life recovery calendar, which identifies disaster damage in affected areas and in Niigata with the objective of systematically understanding the status and process of rebuilding lives. Although the magnitude of devastation and the nature of the disasters differ, both have similar life recovery processes. It is to be noted, however, that the impact of the Mid-Niigata Earthquake lingered over a larger area for a longer period than for the Chuetsu-Oki Earthquake.

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Spatiotemporal analysis of some extreme rainfall indices over Iraq (1981–2017)

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska ◽

10.22630/pniks.2021.30.2.19 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 221-235

Author(s):

Alaa Al-Lami ◽

Hasanain Al-Shamarti ◽

Yaseen Al-Timimi

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽

Northwestern Part ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Human Environment ◽

The Impact

Extreme rainfall is one of the environmental hazards with disastrous effects on the human environment. Water resources management is very vulnerable to any changes in rainfall intensities. A spatiotemporal analysis is essential for study the impact of climate change and variability on extreme rainfall. In this study, daily rainfall data for 36 meteorological stations in Iraq during 1981–2017 were used to investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of 10 extreme rainfall indices using RClimDex package. These indices were classified into two categories: rainfall total (PRCPTOT, SDII, R95p, R99p, RX1day, and RX5day) and rainfall days (CDD, CWD, R10, and R20). Depending on the mean annual precipitation data, the study area was divided into three climatic zones to examine the time series features of those 10 indices. Results showed a tendency to increase in precipitation toward the northwestern part of Iraq, and more than 70% of stations achieved a positive trend for most indices. The most frequent negative trend appeared in eight stations distributed in the western and southern parts of Iraq, namely (Heet, Haditha, Anah, Rutba, Qaim, Nukheb, Najaf, and Fao). A significant positive trend appeared obviously in PRCPTOT and R95p with a rate of 0.1–4.6 and 0.5–2.7 mm per year, respectively. Additionally, the least trend increasing appeared in all precipitation days indices specifically in R10 and R20. Time series analyses revealed a positive trend in all regions under study, except SDII in the southern region. The most significant rate of change was noticed in regions one and two (northern and middle parts of Iraq), particularly for PRCPTOT and R95p 3.26 and 2.45 mm per day, respectively. Only the northern and eastern regions of Iraq experienced a high probability of significant extreme rainfall.

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A spatiotemporal analysis of gait freezing and the impact of pedunculopontine nucleus stimulation

Brain ◽

10.1093/brain/aws039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 135 (5) ◽

pp. 1446-1454 ◽

Cited By ~ 99

Author(s):

Wesley Thevathasan ◽

Michael H. Cole ◽

Cara L. Graepel ◽

Jonathan A. Hyam ◽

Ned Jenkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽

Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽

The Impact

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An Approach to Modeling the Impact of Traffic Incident on Urban Expressway

Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society ◽

10.1155/2015/605016 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yaping Li ◽

Jian Lu ◽

HongWu Li ◽

Huihui Xiao ◽

Qingchao Liu

Keyword(s):

Traffic Congestion ◽

Transmission Model ◽

Cell Transmission Model ◽

Traffic Condition ◽

Traffic Incident ◽

Evaluation Indicator ◽

Urban Expressway ◽

Time Period ◽

Foundational Work ◽

The Impact

To identify network bottlenecks of urban expressway effectively is a foundational work for improving network traffic condition and preventing traffic congestion. This study proposes a methodology to estimate the impact of traffic incident on urban expressway on the basis of modified cell transmission model. The metastable state was taken into account in the proposed method to reflect the actual operating state of traffic flow on urban expressway as much as possible. Regarding the location of traffic incident, the method of cell restructuring settings was discussed. We then proceed to introduce a new concept of the effected length in a given time period as the evaluation indicator to directly depict the influence of traffic incident. The proposed method was tested on a 6516-meter urban expressway section of west second ring road in Beijing. The simulation results indicated that the proposed methodology performs well to predict the impact of traffic incident on urban expressway.

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