Personality traits as predictors of early alcohol inebriation among young adolescents: Mediating effects by mental health and gender-specific patterns

While both male and female ex-offenders face many of the same difficulties while finding employment, some barriers are unique to either males or females, or are more problematic for one gender. The purpose of this article is to review gender differences in barriers to employment for ex-offenders with disabilities. There is little research on disabilities and offending populations – what exists explores the prevalence of mental health, substance abuse, and intellectual or developmental disabilities (James & Glaze, 2006; National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, 2010). Further, the body of research that examines barriers to employment specifically for ex-offenders with disabilities is extremely limited. Consequently, this review will explicitly reference ex-offenders with disabilities where possible, but generalizations about this justice-involved population are required. The authors hypothesize that many of the existing gender-neutral and gender-specific barriers to employment are exacerbated by the presence of a disability or disabilities. Disadvantages for ex-offenders are compounded in a fashion that makes finding a job a daunting task.

Download Full-text

A systematic review on sex- and gender-sensitive research in public mental health during the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis

10.31234/osf.io/cbsj6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Nanette Tibubos ◽

Daniëlle Otten ◽

Mareike Ernst ◽

Manfred E. Beutel

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Health Care ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Mental Health Care ◽

Health Care Use ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Mental Health Care Use ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific ◽

Specific Evaluation

BackgroundSex and gender are important modifiers of mental health and behavior in normal times and during crises. We investigated whether they were addressed by empirical, international research which explored the mental health and health behavior ramifications after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe systematically searched the databases PsyArXiv, PubMed, PsycInfo, Psyndex, PubPsych, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies assessing mental health outcomes (main outcomes) as well as potential risk and protective health behavior (additional outcomes) up to July 2, 2020. FindingsMost of the 80 publications fulfilling the selection criteria reflected the static difference perspective treating sex and gender as dichotomous variables. The focus was on internalizing disorders (esp. anxiety and depression) burdening women in particular, while externalizing disorders were neglected. Sex- and gender-specific evaluation of mental health care use has also been lacking. With respect to unfavorable health behavior in terms of adherence to prescribed protective measures, men constitute a risk group. InterpretationsWomen remain a vulnerable group burdened by multiple stresses and mental health symptoms. The neglect of sex and gender-specific evaluation of aggression-related disorders, substance addiction, and mental health care use in the early stage represents a potentially dangerous oversight.

Download Full-text

COVID-19 and mental health deterioration by ethnicity and gender in the UK

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0244419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. e0244419

Author(s):

Eugenio Proto ◽

Climent Quintana-Domeque

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Gap ◽

Mental Distress ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Average Increase ◽

And Gender ◽

The Uk ◽

Ethnicity And Gender ◽

Health Deterioration ◽

Gender Specific

We use the UK Household Longitudinal Study and compare pre-COVID-19 pandemic (2017-2019) and during-COVID-19 pandemic data (April 2020) for the same group of individuals to assess and quantify changes in mental health as measured by changes in the GHQ-12 (General Health Questionnaire), among ethnic groups in the UK. We confirm the previously documented average deterioration in mental health for the whole sample of individuals interviewed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, we find that the average increase in mental distress varies by ethnicity and gender. Both women –regardless of their ethnicity– and Black, Asian, and minority ethnic (BAME) men experienced a higher average increase in mental distress than White British men, so that the gender gap in mental health increases only among White British individuals. These ethnic-gender specific changes in mental health persist after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Finally, we find some evidence that, among men, Bangladeshi, Indian and Pakistani individuals have experienced the highest average increase in mental distress with respect to White British men.

Download Full-text

Personality traits and gender-specific income expectations in Dutch higher education

Social Indicators Research ◽

10.1007/s11205-007-9104-8 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 113-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ariana Need ◽

Uulkje de Jong

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Income Expectations ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Download Full-text

Education inequality in mortality: The age and gender specific mediating effects of cigarette smoking

Social Science Research ◽

10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.02.007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 662-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Justin T. Denney ◽

Richard G. Rogers ◽

Robert A. Hummer ◽

Fred C. Pampel

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Mediating Effects ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Education Inequality ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Download Full-text

Mechanisms of Black–White disparities in health among older adults: Examining discrimination and personality

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105319860180 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 135910531986018 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juliette McClendon ◽

Ryan Bogdan ◽

Joshua J Jackson ◽

Thomas F Oltmanns

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Older Adults ◽

Health Disparities ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Black And White ◽

Behavioral Sequelae ◽

And Gender

We tested whether personality traits help explain the association between discrimination and racial health disparities in a sample of 1033 Black and White older adults. Participants completed measures of discrimination, personality, and self-reported physical and mental health. Elevated discrimination among Black participants was indirectly linked to worse physical and mental health outcomes through elevated neuroticism and lower agreeableness, controlling income, education, and gender. The specific facets of depression, impulsiveness, and trust were the most robust intervening personality factors. Interventions that target cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae of discrimination may lessen its impact on health disparities.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and Anthropometric Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Taiwanese Adolescents

ISRN Cardiology ◽

10.5402/2011/743640 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nain-Feng Chu ◽

Hsien-Chuan Chin ◽

Shu-Chuan Wang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Young Adolescents ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Representative Sampling ◽

Anthropometric Indexes ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Background. To evaluate the prevalence and the importance of anthropometric indexes on metabolic syndrome (MetS) among young adolescents in Taiwan. Methods. We conducted a cross sectional survey to obtain a representative sampling among Taipei adolescents in 2003, totally enrolled of 1,562 adolescents (764 boys and 798 girls) from age 11 to 15. We used modified NCEP-ATP III criteria to diagnose metabolic syndrome in young adolescents including: blood pressure ≧90th percentile, fasting glucose ≧90th, TG ≧ 90th, HDL-C ≦ 10th, and BMI or WC ≧ 90th according to age and gender specific recommendations. Results. The overall prevalence of MetS was 4.8% for boys and 3.9% for girls. BMI and WC were significantly associated with MetS for both boys and girls, even after adjusting for age, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and pubertal status. However, after further adjusting for BMI or WC, WC for boys (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.05–1.24) and BMI for girls (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.13–1.64) were significantly associated with MetS. Conclusions. Adolescents with abnormal BMI or waist circumference had 10 to 20 times higher odds of MetS when compared to normal subjects. Obesity, either general or central adiposity, may play an important role in the development of MetS among adolescents.

Download Full-text

A Systematic Review on Sex- and Gender-Sensitive Research in Public Mental Health During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Crisis

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Ana N. Tibubos ◽

Daniëlle Otten ◽

Mareike Ernst ◽

Manfred E. Beutel

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Health Behavior ◽

Mental Healthcare ◽

Externalizing Disorders ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Healthcare Use ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific ◽

Specific Evaluation

Background: Sex and gender are important modifiers of mental health and behavior in normal times and during crises. We investigated whether they were addressed by empirical, international research that explored the mental health and health behavior ramifications after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We systematically searched the databases PsyArXiv, PubMed, PsycInfo, Psyndex, PubPsych, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for studies assessing mental health outcomes (main outcomes) as well as potential risk and protective health behavior (additional outcomes) up to July 2, 2020.Findings: Most of the 80 publications fulfilling the selection criteria reflected the static difference perspective treating sex and gender as dichotomous variables. The focus was on internalizing disorders (especially anxiety and depression) burdening women in particular, while externalizing disorders were neglected. Sex- and gender-specific evaluation of mental healthcare use has also been lacking. With respect to unfavorable health behavior in terms of adherence to prescribed protective measures, men constitute a risk group.Interpretations: Women remain a vulnerable group burdened by multiple stresses and mental health symptoms. The neglect of sex- and gender-specific evaluation of aggression-related disorders, substance addiction, and mental healthcare use in the early stage represents a potentially dangerous oversight.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020192026, PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020192026.

Download Full-text

Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Late-Adulthood Mental Health: Results From the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gby028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Viola Angelini ◽

Daniel D H Howdon ◽

Jochen O Mierau

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Principal Component ◽

Positive Association ◽

Socioeconomic Conditions ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Late Adulthood ◽

Childhood Socioeconomic Status ◽

And Gender ◽

Gender Specific

Abstract Objectives A growing literature acknowledges the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and health in late adulthood (i.e., 50+). Less, however, is known about the association with mental health outcomes, such as depression. We use the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) to analyze overall and gender-specific associations between childhood SES and late-adulthood depression. Methods Using life history and contemporaneous data from 21,989 SHARE respondents in combination with principal component analysis we construct indices of childhood SES. We measure late-adulthood depression using the EURO-D scale. Contemporaneous SES is operationalized as the logarithm of household equivalized income. We estimate associations using linear regression models. Results We document a positive association between childhood SES and the late-adulthood EURO-D score. The association persists even when allowing for contemporaneous SES. Zooming in on gender-specific associations reveals that the association for mental health is particularly pronounced for women. Discussion Our findings reveal the long-term association between childhood socioeconomic conditions and depression later in life, which persists even after taking into account current socioeconomic conditions and are stronger for women than for men. These results imply that boosting childhood socioeconomic conditions can potentially have effects lasting well beyond the childhood phase.

Download Full-text

Personality's Correlates of Adult Development and Aging

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027//1016-9040.8.3.131 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 131-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Gian Vittorio Caprara ◽

Mariagiovanna Caprara ◽

Patrizia Steca

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Adult Development ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Age Groups ◽

Well Being ◽

Efficacy Beliefs ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Education And Health ◽

Development And Aging ◽

And Gender

Three cross-sectional studies examined stability and change in personality over the course of life by measuring the relations linking age to personality traits, self-efficacy beliefs, values, and well-being in large samples of Italian male and female participants. In each study, relations between personality and age were examined across several age groups ranging from young adulthood to old age. In each study, personality constructs were first examined in terms of mean group differences accrued by age and gender and then in terms of their correlations with age across gender and age groups. Furthermore, personality-age correlations were also calculated, controlling for the demographic effects accrued by marital status, education, and health. Findings strongly indicated that personality functioning does not necessarily decline in the later years of life, and that decline is more pronounced in males than it is in females across several personality dimensions ranging from personality traits, such as emotional stability, to self-efficacy beliefs, such as efficacy in dealing with negative affect. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for personality theory and social policy.

Download Full-text