Photographic soft-tissue profile analysis in children at 6 years of age

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Romana Dimaggio ◽  
Veronica Ciusa ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Virgilio F. Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Cephalometric Soft Tissue Profile Analysis Between Two Different Ethnic Groups: A Comparative Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayder Abdallah Hashim ◽  
Sahar F. Albarakati
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Plane Angle ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Caucasian Americans ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Facial Plane

Abstract The aim of this investigation was to study and compare the cephalometric soft tissue profile analysis between Saudis and Caucasian Americans. The study was carried out using standardized cephalometric radiographs of 56 Saudi subjects (30 males and 26 females) with pleasant and balanced facial profiles, competent lips, normal overjet and overbite, and showing no craniofacial deformities. Subject ages ranged from 22 to 23 years. One skeletal and thirteen soft tissue variables were investigated. F-test, two samples t-test, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis. The results showed no statistical significant differences between the Saudi males and females except for the angle of total facial convexity, soft tissue facial plane angle, lower lip length, sagittal nasal tip to the most protrusive lip distance, and also sagittal chin to the most protrusive lip distance. The Saudi females had a greater angle of total facial convexity and soft tissue facial plane angle than the males. In addition, the females had a shorter lower lip. They also had a short distance between the nasal tip and chin to the most protrusive lip. These results reveal significant differences in most of the soft tissue variables when comparing Saudis with Caucasian Americans as well as in other ethnic groups. Most of these variables are essential for the diagnosis and treatment planning of cases requiring orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Citation Hashim HA, AlBarakati SF. Cephalometric Soft Tissue Profile Analysis Between Two Different Ethnic Groups: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 May;(4)2:060-073.

scholarly journals Soft tissue profile analysis using Ioi’s method for dentoalveolar bimaxillary protrusion cases before and after treatment with extractions of four first premolars

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuliana Ziliwu ◽  
Tono S. Hambali ◽  
Jono Salim ◽  
Endah Mardiati
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Bimaxillary Protrusion ◽  
Paired T Test

The purpose of this study is to measure the soft tissue profile changes before and after treatment of dento-alveolar bimaxillary protrusion cases which had orthodontic treatment including extraction of upper and lower first premolars. Iori's soft tissue analysis used in this study and cephalometric analysis on 14 patients wich fulfilled sample criteria was performed. Four angular and two linear measurements were done manually utilizing protractor. Statistical analysis was paired t-test. The result showed significant changes in soft tissue after the treatment.

scholarly journals Analysis of soft tissue thickness in persons with malocclusions of class II division 1 and class II division 2

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Tatjana Tanic ◽  
Zorica Blazej ◽  
Vladimir Mitic
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

Introduction. Different malocclusions indicate different thickness of facial soft tissue. Objective. The aim of the study was to establish the differences in the thickness of facial soft tissue profile in persons with dentoskeletal Class II/1 and II/2 relationship. Methods. In the study we used cephalometric rendgenograms profile analysis of 60 patients aged 12-18 years of the Dental Clinic in Nis who had not previously undergone orthodontical treatment. According to the dentoskeletal jaws relations the patients were divided into two groups with Class II division 1 and Class II class division 2. In all of them the standard dentoskeletal profile analysis by Steiner and soft tissue profile analysis by Burston was done. The obtained findings were statistically analyzed and the comparison between the studied groups was performed. Results. The results indicated the following: in the patients with Class II/1 relationship there was a significantly thinner upper lip (t=5.741; p<0.0001), thinner upper lip sulcus (t=3.858; p<0.001) and significantly thinner lower lip (t=2.009; p<0.05) in relation to the patients with Class II/2. Compensatory effect in the Class II/1 patients was more distinctive in females, as their soft tissue profiles were thicker. In Class II/2 patients this relationship was in favor of males. Conclusion. The facial soft tissue profile indicated significant differences in the thickness dependant on the type of malocclusion and gender. Because of their great variability and a significant participation in the formation of the profile, while planning orthodontic therapy, it is necessary to pay them full attention, with obligatory analysis of the dentoskeletal profile.

scholarly journals Angular Photogrammetric Soft Tissue Facial Profile Analysis of Bangladeshi Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Lubna Akter ◽  
Md. Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction Angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis provides a permanent record for the actual appearance of a person, which would also serve to establish an ideal esthetic treatment goal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the average angular variables that define the soft tissue facial profile of a Bangladeshi sample. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from July to December 2015. Soft tissue facial profiles of 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) between 18 and 25 years of age, with a dental Class I occlusal relationship and harmonious soft tissue profile, were selected by convenience sampling among students, doctors, and patients of Dhaka Dental College. Standardized photographs of 200 samples were taken in the natural head position. The photographic records were analyzed with the software for Windows, Microsoft Visio 2007, Standard Edition. All data were analyzed through standard methods using Statistical Package for the Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS Version-20, IBM Corp, USA). Results The average angular measurements for nasofrontal, total facial angle, facial angle, upper lip angle, projection of lower lip to chin, and mentolabial angle were wider in females. The mean value for nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, and projection of upper lip to chin angle was higher in males compared to females. Nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd) (P = 0.000) and mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg) (P = 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. The greatest variability was found for mentolabial angle. Conclusion The study of angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis of Bangladeshi young adults contributes to the establishment of standardized normal values for the population. This study provides data which can be used in treatment planning by specialists such as orthodontists, prosthodontists, plastic surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons, who have the capability to change the soft tissue facial features.

Photogrammetric Assessment of the Soft Tissue Profile in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bearn ◽  
Jonathan R. Sandy ◽  
William C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
National Study ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Profile Score

Objective To describe the soft tissue profile of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate from profile photographs and assess the reliability of this method. Design Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting A national study in the United Kingdom. Subjects Caucasian children born in the United Kingdom between April 1, 1982, and March 31, 1984, and aged between 12 and 14 years at data collection. A cleft side and noncleft side profile photograph was available for each of 175 children. Method Seven angular measurements were made using Dentofacial Planner Plus software, and the profile appearance was rated by an expert panel. Results Reliability for repeated measurement of the same photograph was acceptable for all but li-sms-pgs (labiomental fold). Similar levels of reliability were found when comparing measurements from the cleft side and non-cleft side photograph. Logistic regression showed that the variables nst-sn-ls (nasolabial angle), sss-ns-pgs (maxillary prominence), and gs-prn-pgs (facial convexity) were associated with the profile score. Conclusions Soft tissue profile analysis from photographs is reliable and robust under a range of conditions. Soft tissue profile measurements are associated with panel ratings of profile.

scholarly journals Esthetic Considerations in Orthodontics: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Litesh Singla ◽  
Tanya Anand
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Esthetics has been an ever-evolving concept and has gained considerable importance in the field of orthodontics in the last few decades. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm has further catapulted the interest of the orthodontist. So much so that achieving a harmonious profile and an esthetically pleasing smile has become the ideal goal of treatment and is no longer secondary to achieving a functional dental occlusion and/or a rigid adherence to skeletal and dental norms. Esthetics in the orthodontic sense can be divided into three categories: macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics. Macroesthetics includes the evaluation of the face and involves frontal assessment and profile analysis. The frontal assessment involves assessment of facial proportions, while the profile analysis involves evaluation of anterior–posterior position of jaws, mandibular plane, and incisor prominence and lip posture. Miniesthetics involves study of the smile framework involving the vertical tooth–lip relationship, smile type, transverse dimensions of smile, smile arc, and midline. Microesthetics involves the assessment of tooth proportions, height-width relationships, connectors and embrasures, gingival contours and heights, and tooth shade and color. The harmony between these factors enables an orthodontist to achieve the idealized esthetic result and hence these parameters deserve due consideration. The importance placed on a pleasing profile cannot be undermined and the orthodontist should aim for a harmonious facial profile over rigid adherence to standard average cephalometric norms. This article aims to give an overview of the macro, mini, and microesthetic considerations in relation to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

scholarly journals Perception of facial appearance and profile among Bangladeshi Laypersons

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-643
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Shifat A Nowrin
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Satisfaction Score ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Average Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Existing Data ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Enlightening facial esthetic is reflecting as one of the main influences in orthodontic treatment during establishing of ideal occlusion.Method: In present study, a determination was made to subsidize to the existing pool of information on the soft-tissue profile and facial awareness. Main aim of the study is to investigate how the Bangladeshi laypersons are aware of their own faces by analyzing the data collected through a structured questionnaire.Result: This study involved total 200 Bangladeshi Individuals age ranged 19 to 23 years old. A validated structured questionnaire was used to assess subjects’ evaluation of their own facial appearance. The mean awareness score for the subjects of Bangladeshi individuals ranged from 1.4 to 2.3 in male and from 1.7 to 1.9 in female for the overall impressions and from 1.3 to 2.1 in male and from 1.2 to 2.3 in female for the facial parts. Satisfaction score for the 9 items out of 24 items differed significantly between Bangladeshi female and male. An average profile of the jaw and lips are desired over more retrusive or protrusive profiles among Bangladeshi laypersons.Conclusion: It can be determined that Bangladeshi laypersons are adept to understand their own faces in the various commands and most of the peoples are worry about their profile in their everyday survives. We must evaluate our existing data to find orthodontic standards that are valid for specific ethnic groups.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.638-643

A Quantitative Three-Dimensional Assessment of Abnormal Variations in Facial Soft Tissues of Adult Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgilio F. Ferrario ◽  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Claudia Dellavia ◽  
Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽  
Davide Sozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues

Objective To supply quantitative information about the facial soft tissues of adult operated patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP). Design, Setting, and Patients The three-dimensional coordinates of soft tissue facial landmarks were obtained using an electromagnetic digitizer in 18 Caucasian patients with CLP (11 males and 7 females aged 19 to 27 years) and 162 healthy controls (73 females and 89 males aged 18 to 30 years). From the landmarks, 15 facial dimensions and two angles were calculated. Data were compared with those collected in healthy individuals by computing z-scores. Two summary anthropometric measurements for quantifying craniofacial variations were assessed in both the patients and reference subjects: the mean z-score (an index of overall facial size), and its SD, called the craniofacial variability index (an index of facial harmony). Results In treated patients with CLP, facial size was somewhat smaller than in normal individuals, but in all occasions the mean z-score fell inside the normal interval (mean ± 2 SD). Almost all patients had a craniofacial variability index larger than the normal interval, indicating a global disharmonious appearance. Overall, in patients pronasale, subnasale, and pogonion were more posterior, the nose was shorter and larger, the face was narrower, and the soft tissue profile and upper lip were flatter than in the reference population. Conclusions The facial soft tissue structures of adult operated patients with CLP differed from those of normal controls of the same age, sex, and ethnic group. In this patient group, surgical corrections of CLP failed to provide a completely harmonious appearance, even if the deviations from the reference were limited. Further analyses of larger groups of patients are needed.

Soft-Tissue Profile Changes during Widening and Protraction of the Maxilla in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Compared with Normal Growth and Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf S. Tindlund ◽  
Per Rygh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Maxillary Protraction ◽  
Transverse Expansion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maxillary Deficiency

During the last 15 years, cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients with maxillary deficiency in the care of the Bergen CLP team have undergone an interceptive orthopedic treatment phase during the deciduous and mixed dentition period. The present study includes 68 patients who received maxillary transverse expansion by use of a modified quad-helix appliance and 98 cases given maxillary protraction by a facial mask. All cases were treated until an acceptable normal occlusion was attained. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before and after the active treatment periods. Sagittal changes of the soft-tissue profile during transverse expansion and protraction were analyzed separately for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients. The soft-tissue profiles of the groups were compared to growth changes of noncleft age-matched children (NORM group). During the short period of maxillary transverse expansion (mean period, 3.5 months) no significant change of the soft-tissue profile was found, except in the protrusion of the lower lip in the BCLP group. During the period of maxillary protraction (mean periods, 12 months in the UCLP group and 15 months in the BCLP group) the soft-tissue profile improved significantly by reducing the characteristic tendency towards a concave profile in CLP patients with maxillary deficiency. Significant Increases of the sagittal maxillomandlbular lip relation (angle SS-N-SM: mean Increase, 2.5 degrees) and the Holdaway-angle (H-angle: mean increase, 3.0 degrees) were found to be similar in the UCLP and BCLP groups. However, the use of different reference lines for evaluation of treatment effects upon the soft-tissue profile resulted in conflicting findings suggesting that anteriorly situated reference lines are more suitable for the evaluation of CLP patients. Thus, the esthetic line (E.line) indicated a favorable position of the lips after treatment; the subspinale-pogonlon line (ss.pg) revealed an Improved soft-tissue profile; the soft-tissue-facial line (N.PG) showed a retruded nose and upper lip; whereas basal references such as the nasion-sella line (NSL) and the occlusal-line perpendicular (OLP) mainly showed major differences between the CLP groups and the NORM groups.

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