Clinical features and risk factors associated with prenatal exposure to drugs of abuse

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute febrile encephalopathy (AFE) in children is a medical emergency and could be a manifestation of many systemic and central nervous system pathologies. The clinical features of AFE are nonspecific and etiological spectrum variable depending on the studied population. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study was carried out including children aged between 1 month and 12 years with AFE admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in Western India. The primary objective was to assess the clinical presentation and etiology of AFE while the secondary objectives were to correlate the clinical and etiological findings and to determine the risk factors associated with mortality. Results: Out of the ninety children with AFE included in this study, male:female ratio was 1.2:1; most of them were aged between 1 and 5 years and came with a history of <7 days (82.2%). All of them had altered sensorium, about 2/3rd had seizures and 47.8% having a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) <8. Etiology remained elusive in about 40% of the cases, and viral infections were the most common among the ones with an identifiable cause. A variety of morbidity (shock, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, respiratory failure, etc.) and high mortality (40%) was observed with risk factors associated with mortality being GCS <8, the presence of raised intracranial pressure, shock, and respiratory failure. Conclusion: AFE, though a rare diagnosis in children, is associated with significant morbidity and high mortality in a developing country like India.

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Predicting Inpatient Mortality Among Encephalitis Patients: A Novel Admission Risk Score

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Michael A Hansen ◽

Mohammed S Samannodi ◽

Rodrigo Hasbun

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Risk Score ◽

Risk Groups ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Charlson Score ◽

Care Providers ◽

Inpatient Mortality ◽

Factors Associated ◽

System 1

Abstract Background Identifying underlying commonalities among all-cause encephalitis cases can be extraordinarily useful in predicting meaningful risk factors associated with inpatient mortality. Methods A retrospective cohort of patients with encephalitis was derived from a clinical chart review of adult patients (age ≥18 years) across 16 different hospitals in Houston, Texas, between January 2005 and July 2015. Clinical features at admission were assessed for their correlation with inpatient mortality and used to derive a final risk score prediction tool. Results The study included a total of 273 adult patients with all-cause encephalitis, 27 (9.9%) of whom died during hospitalization. A limited number of clinical features were substantially different between patients who survived and those who died (Charlson score, Glasgow coma scale [GCS], immunosuppression, fever on admission, multiple serologic studies, and abnormal imaging). A final multivariable logistic model was derived with the following risk factors, which were transformed into a scoring system: 1 point was assigned to the presence of a Charlson score >2, thrombocytopenia, or cerebral edema, and 2 points for a GCS value <8. Patients were then classified into different risk groups for inpatient mortality: 0 points (0%), 1 point (7%), 2 points (10.9%), 3 points (36.8%), and ≥4 points (81.8%). Conclusions The risk score developed from this study shows a high predictive value. This can be highly beneficial in alerting care providers to key clinical risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality in adults with encephalitis.

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Clinical features and risk factors associated with bacteremia of nontyphoidal salmonellosis in pediatric patients, 2010–2018

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association ◽

10.1016/j.jfma.2020.04.022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 196-203

Author(s):

Chieh-Ming Lee ◽

Min-Sheng Lee ◽

Te-Liang Yang ◽

Kuan-Lin Lee ◽

Ting-Yu Yen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Factors Associated

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Clinical features and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality among patients with COVID-19 in northern Ethiopia

International Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 ◽

pp. 776-783

Author(s):

Hiluf Ebuy Abraha ◽

Zekarias Gessesse ◽

Teklay Gebrecherkos ◽

Yazezew Kebede ◽

Aregawi Weldegebreal Weldegiargis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Factors Associated

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Clinical Features and Outcome of Birth Asphyxia in Hôpital du Cinquantenaire of Kisangani: A Cross-Sectional Study

Asian Journal of Pediatric Research ◽

10.9734/ajpr/2018/v1i124572 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

B. G. Mande ◽

K. V. Muyobela ◽

V. E. Hasivirwe ◽

L. B. Batoko

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Perinatal Asphyxia ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Aims: There paucity of studies on asphyxia, one of the three main reasons for newborn deaths in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In this country, newborn mortality is among the highest in Africa. This study was conducted to identify the clinical features and outcome of perinatal asphyxia. Risk factors associated with asphyxia were also determined. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: It was conducted in the pediatric department of Hôpital du Cinquantenaire of Kisangani (HCK), from March 2013 to March 2017. Methodology: Clinical and biologic parameters (prenatal, perinatal and postnatal) of term newborns, hospitalised for perinatal asphyxia in the HCK were retrospectively collected and analysed. Data of dead newborns were compared to those who survived to determine risk factors associated with asphyxia mortality. One case matched three controls of the same sex. Results: During the period above, 612 newborns were received in the HCK, and 146 died. One hundred and nineteen out of 612 had perinatal asphyxia (19.4%), and 26 out of 119 died (17.8% of all newborn deaths and 21.8% of all asphyxia cases). The most frequent perinatal antecedents were premature rupture of the membranes, meconium-stained amniotic liquid, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In bivariate analysis, factors associated with asphyxia lethality were low birthweight (P=.02), reference from another hospital (P =.01), age more than 24 hours (P =.02), associated sepsis (P =.003), asphyxia severity (P<.001) and the Stage 3 of Sarnat (P<.001). Conclusion: The frequency of the asphyxia is high in the HCK and its mortality associated with avoidable factors. Networking newborn referral, improving skills of nurses about obstetrical and neonatal emergency cares, and making available equipment for newborn resuscitation can reduce that mortality.

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PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF PEDIATRIC INFLUENZA HOSPITALIZATIONS (2015-2017): CLINICAL FEATURES AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE OUTCOMES

10.26226/morressier.5ad774dfd462b80296ca6ac7 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Blanca Borras Bermejo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Factors Associated

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Clinical features and risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 patients in China

Chinese Medical Journal ◽

10.1097/cm9.0000000000001466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Ning Jiang ◽

Yan-Nan Liu ◽

Jing Bao ◽

Ran Li ◽

Wen-Tao Ni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Factors Associated

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RI SK FACTOR OF BACTEREMI A I N CHI LDREN WI TH PNEUMONIA

Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease ◽

10.20473/ijtid.v2i1.187 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Retno Asih

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Developing Countries ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Blood Culture ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Medical Records ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Pneumonia is known as a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among children in developing countries. In children,it caused predominantly by bacteria. Bacteremia has been associated with severity and mortalitas of pneumonia. Identify factors caused bacteremia important to prevent severity and mortalitas of pneumonia. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify risk factors of bacteremia in children with pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in children with pneumonia in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Hospital from January 2007 to December 2008. Blood cultures be performed on all of this patients. Factors associated with bacteremia were identified following review of medical records include clinical features, laboratory , radiology and blood culture results. Results: Frequency of bacteremia was 8,2% (36 patients) of 438 children with pneumonia. Interval from onset of symptoms to hospital admission more than 5 days (22.69 CI 95%), severe malnourished (OR 9.05 CI 95%), anemia (OR 2.44 CI 95%), leucocyt counts less than 5000/mm3 and more than 20.000/mm3 (OR 2.41 CI 95%) and paO2 less than 80 mmHg (OR 4.25 CI 95%) were at increased risk of bacteremia in children with pneumonia. Conclusion: Risk factors bacteremia in children with pneumonia included age under 1 year, symptoms more than 5 days, severe malnourished ,anemia, leucosyt counts less than 5000/mmand more than 20.000/mm3 and paO2 less than 80 mmHg.

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