scholarly journals Tellurium retention by containment spray system

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 108622
Author(s):  
Teemu Kärkelä ◽  
Anna-Elina Pasi ◽  
Fredrik Espegren ◽  
Tuomo Sevón ◽  
Unto Tapper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray System

scholarly journals Development and Prospect of UAV-Based Aerial Electrostatic Spray Technology in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Xinrong Huang ◽  
Yubin Lan ◽  
Linlin Wang ◽  
Xiaoyang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Charged Droplets ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electrostatic Spray

Aerial electrostatic spray technology for agriculture is the integration of precision agricultural aviation and electrostatic spray technology. It is one of the research topics that have been paid close attention to by scholars in the field of agricultural aviation. This study summarizes the development of airborne electrostatic spray technology for agricultural use in China, including the early research and exploration of Chinese institutions and researchers in the aspects of nozzle structure design optimization and theoretical simulation. The research progress of UAV-based aerial electrostatic spray technology for agricultural use in China was expounded from the aspects of nozzle modification, technical feasibility study, influencing mechanism of various factors, and field efficiency tests. According to the current development of agricultural UAVs and the characteristics of the farmland environment in China, the UAV-based aerial electrostatic spray technology, which carries the airborne electrostatic spray system on the plant protection UAVs, has a wide potential in the future. At present, the application of UAV-based aerial electrostatic spray technology has yet to be further improved due to several factors, such as the optimization of the test technology for charged droplets, the impact of UAV rotor wind field, comparison study on charging modes, and the lack of technical accumulation in the research of aerial electrostatic spray technology. With the continuous improvement of the research system of agricultural aviation electrostatic spray technology, UAV-based electrostatic spray technology will give play to the advantages in increasing the droplets deposition on the target and reducing environmental pollution from the application of pesticides. This study is capable of providing a reference for the development of the UAV-based agricultural electrostatic spray technology and the spray equipment.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis on Enhancing Spray Performance of SCR Mixer Device and Heat Transfer Performance Based on Field Synergy Principle

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Jiedong Ye ◽  
Junshuai Lv ◽  
Dongli Tan ◽  
Zhiqiang Ai ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Synergy ◽  
Field Synergy Principle ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Wall Injection ◽  
Dimensional Simulation

The NH3 uniformity and conversion rate produced by the urea–water solution spray system is an essential factor affecting de-NOx efficiency. In this work, a three-dimensional simulation model was developed with the CFD software and was employed to investigate the effects of two typical injection methods (wall injection and center injection) and three distribution strategies (pre-mixer, post-mixer, pre-mixer, and post-mixer) of two typical mixers on the urea conversion rate and uniformity. The field synergy principle was employed to analyze the heat transfer of different mixer flow fields. The results show that the single mixer has instability in optimizing different injection positions due to different injection methods and injection positions. The dual-mixer is stable in the optimization of the flow field under different conditions. The conclusion of the field synergy theory of the single mixer accords with the simulation result. The Fc of the dual-mixer cases is low, but the NH3 conversion and uniformity index rate are also improved due to the increase in the residence time of UWS.

scholarly journals Field assessment of a pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system applying different spray volumes: duty cycle and forward speed effects on vines spray coverage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Grella ◽  
Fabrizio Gioelli ◽  
Paolo Marucco ◽  
Ingrid Zwertvaegher ◽  
Eric Mozzanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Real Field ◽  
Spray Application ◽  
Spray System

AbstractThe pulse width modulation (PWM) spray system is the most advanced technology to obtain variable rate spray application without varying the operative sprayer parameters (e.g. spray pressure, nozzle size). According to the precision agriculture principles, PWM is the prime technology that allows to spray the required amount where needed without varying the droplet size spectra which benefits both the uniformity of spray quality and the spray drift reduction. However, some concerns related to the effect of on–off solenoid valves and the alternating on/off action of adjacent nozzles on final uneven spray coverage (SC) have arisen. Further evaluations of PWM systems used for spraying 3D crops under field conditions are welcomed. A tower-shaped airblast sprayer equipped with a PWM was tested in a vineyard. Twelve configurations, combining duty cycles (DC: 30, 50, 70, 100%) and forward speeds (FS: 4, 6, 8 km h−1), were tested. Two methodologies, namely field-standardized and real field conditions, were adopted to evaluate the effect of DC and FS on (1) SC variability (CV%) along both the sprayer travel direction and the vertical spray profile using long water sensitive papers (WSP), and (2) SC uniformity (IU, index value) within the canopy at different depths and heights, respectively. Furthermore, the SC (%) and deposit density (Nst, no stains cm−2), determined using short WSP, were used to evaluate the spray application performances taking into account the spray volumes applied. Under field-controlled conditions, the pulsing of the PWM system affects both the SC variability measured along the sprayer travel direction and along the vertical spray profile. In contrast, under real field conditions, the PWM system does not affect the uniformity of SC measured within the canopy. The relationship between SC and Nst allowed identification of the ranges of 200–250 and 300–370 l ha−1 as the most suitable spray volumes to be applied for insecticide and fungicide plant protection products, respectively.

Preparation of CuInGaSe2 Absorber Layer by Nanoparticles-Based Spray Deposition

2004 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Hyun Kim ◽  
Young-Gab Chun ◽  
Byung-Ok Park ◽  
Kyung-Hoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Absorber Layer ◽  
Step Motor ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Cigs Nanoparticles

ABSTRACTCIGS nanoparticles for the CIGS absorber layer have been synthesized by low temperature colloidal routes. The CIGS absorber layers for solar cells have been prepared by spray deposition of CIGS nanoparticle precursors (∼20 nm) in glove box under inert atmosphere. An automatic air atomizing nozzle spray system with computer controlled X-Y step motor system was used to spray. The nanoparticle precursor CIGS film was deposited onto molybdenum-coated soda-lime glass substrates (2.5 cm × 5.0 cm) heated to 160°C. The film thickness in the range of 2 μm ± 0.3 μm was attained by spraying of 3 mM colloidal over an area of 12.5 cm2. The coalescence between particles was observed in the CIGS absorber layer under post-treatment of over 550 °C. This is related to the reactive sintering among the nanoparticles to reduce surface energy of the particles. The CuxSe thin film, formed on Mo film by evaporation, improved adhesion between CIGS and Mo layers and enhanced the coalescence of the particles in the CIGS layer. These are closely related to the fluxing of Cu2Se phase which has relatively low melting temperature. The CdS buffer layer was deposited on the CIGS/Mo/soda-lime glass substrate by chemical bath deposition. The CIGS nanoparticles-based absorber layers were characterized by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM).

Study on the Working State of Jet-Mixing Apparatus

2014 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Bai Jing Qiu ◽  
Run Yan ◽  
Bei Fen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Bench Test ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Jet Nozzle

In order to study the working state of the export of jet-mixing apparatus under different loads,by comparing the bench test and its application in spray system, the working state of jet-mixing apparatus is studied.The results show that, in the bench test, the export of jet-mixing apparatus is unloaded and the state of jet-mixing apparatus is absorbing pesticide; the jet nozzle whose diameter is 2mm and suction chamber whose diameter is 3mm of the jet-mixing apparatus produce a large number of bubbles, the suction chamber emerges cavitation. The export of jet-mixing apparatus is connected with the F110 spray system, the working state of jet-mixing apparatus with a 2mm diameter jet nozzle is sucking pesticide; the working state of 3mm and 4mm jet nozzle diameter is reflux. The export of jet-mixing apparatus is connected with the outlet of F110 spray system suction chamber.They do not emerge cavitation. The load on the export of jet-mixing apparatus affect the working state of jet-mixing apparatus, also has certain influence on cavitation in the suction chamber.

A Thermal Model to Predict Tool Temperature in Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy With an Atomization-Based Cutting Fluid Spray System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asif Tanveer ◽  
Deepak Marla ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Droplet Surface ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Tool Temperature ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Heat Transfer Phenomenon

In this study a heat transfer model of machining of Ti-6Al-4V under the application of atomization-based cutting fluid spray coolant is developed to predict the temperature of the cutting tool. Owing to high tool temperature involved in machining of Ti-6Al-4V, the model considers film boiling as the major heat transfer phenomenon. In addition, the design parameters of the spray for effective cooling during machining are derived based on droplet-surface interaction model. Machining experiments are conducted and the temperatures are recorded using the inserted thermocouple technique. The experimental data are compared with the model predictions. The temperature field obtained is comparable to the experimental results, confirming that the model predicts tool temperature during machining with ACF spray cooling satisfactorily.

scholarly journals Experimental investigations of spray flow rate and angle in enhancing the performance of PV panels by steady and pulsating water spray system

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Nateqi ◽  
Mehran Rajabi Zargarabadi ◽  
Roohollah Rafee
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Water Spray ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Pv Panel

AbstractIn this study, a spray cooling system is experimentally investigated to increase the photovoltaic panel efficiency. Cooling of photovoltaic panels is one of the important parameters that affects the PV panel performance. In this experiment the effects of spray angle, nozzles to PV panel distance, number of nozzles, and pulsating water spray on the PV panel performance are investigated. For this purpose, an experimental setup was made. The spray angles varied from 15° to 50°. The comparison between the spray angles shows that by decreasing the spray angle to 15° increases the electrical efficiency of PV panel to 19.78% and simultaneously the average PV panel temperature decreases from 64 (for non-cooled PV) to 24 °C. Also, nozzle to PV panel distance was changed from 10 to 50 cm. The best result was obtained for the lowest distance by 25.86% increase in power output. Study of various frequency also show that due to the surface evaporation and the intensity of the radiation, increasing the water spraying frequency can increase or decrease the electrical efficiency. The On–Off water spray system results show that the maximum increase in efficiency was obtained with frequency of 0.2 Hz which it was 16.84%. Water consumption also decreased to half.

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