Relationship Between Step Length, Cadence and Capacity to Increase Gait Velocity After Recent Stroke

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. e31-e32
Author(s):  
Vincent DePaul ◽  
Kara Kathleen Patterson ◽  
Elizabeth L. Inness ◽  
Avril Mansfield ◽  
George Mochizuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity

scholarly journals Gait and Balance Changes with Investigational Peripheral Nerve Cell Therapy during Deep Brain Stimulation in People with Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Geetanjali Gera ◽  
Zain Guduru ◽  
Tritia Yamasaki ◽  
Julie A. Gurwell ◽  
Monica J. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Deep Brain

Background: The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and dopaminergic therapy is known to decrease over time. Hence, a new investigational approach combines implanting autologous injury-activated peripheral nerve grafts (APNG) at the time of bilateral DBS surgery to the globus pallidus interna. Objectives: In a study where APNG was unilaterally implanted into the substantia nigra, we explored the effects on clinical gait and balance assessments over two years in 14 individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Computerized gait and balance evaluations were performed without medication, and stimulation was in the off state for at least 12 h to best assess the role of APNG implantation alone. We hypothesized that APNG might improve gait and balance deficits associated with PD. Results: While people with a degenerative movement disorder typically worsen with time, none of the gait parameters significantly changed across visits in this 24 month study. The postural stability item in the UPDRS did not worsen from baseline to the 24-month follow-up. However, we measured gait and balance improvements in the two most affected individuals, who had moderate PD. In these two individuals, we observed an increase in gait velocity and step length that persisted over 6 and 24 months. Conclusions: Participants did not show worsening of gait and balance performance in the off therapy state two years after surgery, while the two most severely affected participants showed improved performance. Further studies may better address the long-term maintanenace of these results.

Gait velocity and step length at baseline predict outcome of Nordic walking training in patients with Parkinson's disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon Herfurth ◽  
Jana Godau ◽  
Barbara Kattner ◽  
Silvia Rombach ◽  
Stefan Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Nordic Walking

Immediate Effects of the Dorsiflexion Angle of Hinged Ankle-foot Orthosis on the Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters of Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
IlHyun Son ◽  
GyuChang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Spastic Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Spastic Diplegia ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthosis ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Abstract Background: It has been reported the effects of a hinged ankle-foot orthosis on the gait ability of children with cerebral palsy. However, no studies investigated the effects of the dorsiflexion angle of the hinged ankle-foot orthosis on the spatiotemporal gait parameters of children with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the immediate effects of a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis the spatiotemporal gait parameters of children with spastic diplegia compared to barefoot and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis.Methods: This study was cross-over design. 10 children with spastic diplegia were walked with barefoot, a hinged ankle-foot orthosis, and a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis. GAITRite was used to collect the spatiotemporal gait parameters including gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, single leg support, and double leg support. Results: It showed that a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis significantly improved the gait velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, single leg support, and double leg support than barefoot and a hinged ankle-foot orthosis (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study implied that a 10° dorsiflexion inducing ankle-foot orthosis could improve the gait ability of children with spastic diplegia more than barefoot or a hinged ankle-foot orthosis. High quality future studies will need to examine the effects of hinged ankle-foot orthosis on gait ability according to dorsiflexion angles.

scholarly journals Short-latency inhibition mitigates the relationship between conscious movement processing and overly cautious gait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J Ellmers ◽  
Elmar C Kal ◽  
James K Richardson ◽  
William R Young
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Inhibitory Function ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Base Of Support ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Overly cautious gait is common in older adults. This is characterised by excessively slow gait, shortened steps, broadened base of support and increased double limb support. The current study sought to (1) evaluate if overly cautious gait is associated with attempts to consciously process walking movements, and (2) explore whether an individual’s ability to rapidly inhibit a dominant motor response serves to mitigate this relationship. Methods A total of 50 older adults walked at a self-selected pace on an instrumented walkway containing two raised wooden obstacles (height = 23 cm). Trait conscious movement processing was measured with the Movement-Specific Reinvestment Scale. Short-latency inhibitory function was assessed using a validated electronic go/no-go ruler catch protocol. We used linear regressions to explore the relationship between these variables and gait parameters indicative of overly cautious gait. Results When controlling for general cognitive function (MoCA), and functional balance (Berg Balance Scale), the interaction between trait conscious movement processing and short-latency inhibition capacity significantly predicted gait velocity, step length and double limb support. Specifically, older adults with higher trait conscious movement processing and poorer inhibition were more likely to exhibit gait characteristics indicative of cautious gait (i.e. reduced velocity, shorter step lengths and increased double limb support). Neither conscious movement processing nor inhibition independently predicted gait performance. Conclusion The combination of excessive movement processing tendencies and poor short-latency inhibitory capacity was associated with dysfunctional or ‘overly cautious’ gait. It is therefore plausible that improvement in either factor may lead to improved gait and reduced fall risk.

scholarly journals GAIT VELOCITY AND STEP LENGTH MAY DISCRIMINATE ACTIVE FROM SEDENTARY ELDERLY WOMEN

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno De Souza Moreira ◽  
Renata Noce Kirkwood ◽  
Andréa De Jesus Lopes ◽  
Rosângela Corrêa Dias ◽  
Rosana Ferreira Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Sedentary Group ◽  
Data Variability

Gait is an important functional activity that elderly individuals used to stay active and be ableto perform their daily living tasks. The purpose of this study was to determine what gait parameterscould discriminate a group of community-dwelling elderly women regularly enrolledin a physical exercise program compared to a paired sedentary group. Participated 145women (65 to 83 years) separated into two groups based on the guidelines of the AmericanCollege of Sports Medicine (2007): sedentary (n = 52) and active (n = 93). Eight gait variableswere recorded using the GAITRite® system (velocity normalized by length of lower limbs, stancetime, swing time, double support time, step time, step length, base width and cadence).Factorial analysis followed by discriminant analysis was performed to determine which variablescould best discriminate the sedentary group from the active group. Factorial analysisresulted in 4 factors which explained 98.7% of the data variability. Factor 3 (composed of steplength and velocity) explained 11.8% of the data variability and was the only factor to discriminatethe groups. When the original variables from Factor 3 were analyzed, gait velocity wasthe most discriminant variable, with a much higher discriminant coeffi cient (-0.999) than steplength (-0.022). Gait velocity and step length could be used as a screening tool to discriminatebetween active and sedentary elderly women.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Gait Analysis and Lower Limb Functioning in Foot Dystonia Treated with Botulinum Toxin

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Datta Gupta ◽  
Graeme Tucker ◽  
Simon Koblar ◽  
Renuka Visvanathan ◽  
Ian Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Gait Velocity

Foot dystonia (FD) is a disabling condition causing pain, spasm and difficulty in walking. We treated fourteen (14) adult patients experiencing FD with onabotulinum toxin A injection into the dystonic foot muscles. We analyzed the spatiotemporal gait utilizing the GaitRite system pre- and 3 weeks post-botulinum toxin injection along with measuring dystonia by the Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Scale (FMDS), pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and other lower limb functional outcomes such as gait velocity, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–Lower Limb Score (UPDRS–LL), the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). We found that stride length increased significantly in both the affected (p = 0.02) and unaffected leg (p = 0.01) after treatment, and the improvement in stride length was roughly the same in each leg. Similar results were found for step length (p = 0.02) with improvement in the step length differential (p = 0.01). The improvements in the lower limb functional outcomes were also significant—FMDS, VAS, TUG, and UPDRS–LL decreased significantly after treatment (all p < 0.001), and BBS (p = 0.001), GAS (p < 0.001) except cadence (p = 0.37). BT injection improved walking in foot dystonia as evidenced through gait analysis, pain and lower limb functional outcomes. Main study limitations were small sample size and lack of control.

Effects of mechanical stimulation of the feet on gait and cardiovascular autonomic control in Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franca Barbic ◽  
Manuela Galli ◽  
Laura Dalla Vecchia ◽  
Margherita Canesi ◽  
Veronica Cimolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Control

Motor impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is partly due to defective central processing of lower limb afferents. Concomitant alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control leading to orthostatic hypotension may worsen motor ability. We evaluated whether mechanical activation of feet sensory afferents could improve gait and modify the response of cardiovascular autonomic control to stressors in 16 patients (age 66 ± 2 yr) with idiopathic PD (Hoehn & Yhar scale 2–3) on their usual therapy. Eight subjects ( group A) were randomized to undergo skin pressure (0.58 ± 0.04 kg/mm2) stimulation at the hallux tip and first metatarsal joint (effective stimulation; ES) of both feet. Eight remaining patients ( group B) underwent sham stimulation (SS) followed by ES. Three-dimensional movement analysis provided quantitative indexes of movement disability before (baseline) and 24 h after ES and SS. Spectral analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability provided markers of cardiac sympatho-vagal (LF/HF) and vascular sympathetic (LFSAP) modulations. Markers were measured at rest and during 75° head-up tilt, before and 24 h after ES and SS. After ES, step length and gait velocity increased, upright rotation velocity was enhanced, and step number was decreased. After ES, LFSAP declined. The increase in LF/HF and LFSAP induced by tilt was greater than before feet stimulation. No changes in gait and autonomic parameters were observed after SS. Twenty-four hours after ES, patients with PD showed improved gait and increased cardiac and vascular sympathetic modulation during upright position compared with baseline. Conversely, SS was ineffective on both movement and autonomic parameters, indicating a site specificity effect of the stimulation.

scholarly journals Effects of dance on gait and dual-task gait in Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeesha Kalyani Hewa Haputhanthirige ◽  
Karen Sullivan ◽  
Gene Moyle ◽  
Sandy Brauer ◽  
Erica Rose Jeffrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Control Group

Abstract Background Gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) limit independence and quality of life. While dance based interventions could improve gait, further studies are needed to determine if the benefits generalise to different terrains and when dual-tasking. The aim was to perform a feasibility study of the effects of a dance intervention, based on the Dance for PD®(DfPD®) program, on gait under different dual-tasks (verbal fluency, serial subtraction) and surfaces (even, uneven), and to determine if a larger scale follow-up RCT is warranted.Methods A dance group (DG; n = 17; age = 65.8 ± 11.7 years) and a control group (CG: n = 16; age = 67.0 ± 7.7 years) comprised of non-cognitively impaired (Addenbrooke’s score: DG = 93.2 ± 3.6, CG = 92.6 ± 4.3) independently locomoting people with PD (Hoehn & Yahr I-III) participated in the study. The DG undertook a one-hour DfPD®based class, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The CG had treatment as usual. Gait analysis was performed at baseline and post-intervention while walking on two surfaces (even, uneven) under three conditions (regular walking; dual-task: verbal-fluency, serial-subtraction). The data was analysed by means of a linear mixed model. ResultsThe DG improved significantly compared to the CG in gait velocity, cadence, step-length, and stride-length when even surface walking, with and without a dual-task. On the uneven surface the DG walked more cautiously during regular walking but had improved gait velocity, cadence and step-length when performing serial-subtractions. Conclusions DfPD®-based classes produced clinically significant improvement on spatiotemporal gait parameters under dual-task conditions and on uneven surfaces. This could arise from improved movement confidence and coordination; emotional expression; cognitive skills (planning, multitasking), and; utilisation of external movement cues. A large-scale RCT of this program is warranted.Trial registration A protocol for this study has been registered retrospectively at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry on 12.11.2018. Identifier: ACTRN12618001834246.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION OF BMI ON TEMPORALSPATIAL PARAMETERS OF GAIT IN YOUNG ADULTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Nabeel Baig ◽  
Sundus Masood ◽  
Shazia Qudrat ◽  
Asif Ashiq Ali
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Obese Individual ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Gait Velocity ◽  
Gait Parameters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Study Participants

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of BMI on temporal-spatial gait parameters in young adults TARGET POPULATION AND SAMPLE SIZE Target population in this study is students. Total 40 students participated in this study. Participants were drawn from College of Physical Therapy. STUDY DESIGN Observational study METHOD 40 young adults both male and female were selected, keeping 10 students in each group of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. Each participant was instructed to walk over 20 meters area both indoor and outdoor at their normal pace wearing normal footwear. Step length and cadence were measured and gait velocity of each participant was calculated. Results were compared for both outdoor and indoor walk. RESULT The result of this study revealed statistically no significant differences in the measured variables between four groups, i.e. underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese young individuals in both outdoor and indoor settings and found significant difference is indoor walk step length and gait velocity. Overweight and obese individuals have shorter step length and gait velocity, underweight individuals walk was better than other groups CONCLUSION The study shows no difference in gait in relation of BMI. There was the difference in step length and gait velocity in overweight and obese individual.

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