The effects of short-term overfeeding on ad libitum energy intake in thin and reduced-obese women and men

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

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Reproducibility of 24-h post-exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511005575 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 108 (2) ◽

pp. 191-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gemma L. Brown ◽

Michael E. Lean ◽

Catherine R. Hankey

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Large Degree ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Obese Women ◽

Short Term ◽

Post Exercise

Direct observation(s) of energy intake (EI) via buffet meals served in the laboratory are often carried out within short-term exercise intervention studies. The reproducibility of values obtained has not been assessed either under resting control conditions or post-exercise, in overweight and obese females. A total of fourteen sedentary, pre-menopausal females (BMI 30·0 (sd5·1) kg/m2) completed four trials; two exercise and two control. Each trial lasted 24 h spanning over 2 d; conducted from afternoon on day 1 and morning on day 2. An exercise session to expend 1·65 MJ was completed on day 1 of exercise trials, and three buffet meals were served during each trial. Reproducibility of post-exercise changes in energy and macronutrient intakes was assessed at each individual buffet meal by intraclass correlation coefficient (ri). Only therivalues for post-exercise changes in energy (ri0·44 (95 % CI − 0·03, 0·77),P = 0·03) and fat intake (ri0·51 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·81),P = 0·02) at the lunch buffet meal achieved statistical significance; however, theserivalues were weak and had large associated 95 % CI, which indicates a large degree of variability associated with these measurements. Energy and macronutrient intakes at the breakfast and evening buffet meals were not reproducible. This study concludes that the frequently used laboratory-based buffet meal method of assessing EI does not produce reliable, reproducible post-exercise changes in EI in overweight and obese women.

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Using Sensory Cues to Optimise the Satiety Value of a Reduced-Calorie Product Labelled ‘Healthier Choice’

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12010107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 107 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Keri McCrickerd ◽

Priscilla Pei Sian Tay ◽

Claudia Shuning Tang ◽

Ciarán Gerard Forde

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Unintended Effects ◽

Sensory Cues ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Label Product ◽

Label Information ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Impact

Reformulation strategies to reduce the energy density of commonly consumed foods and beverages are intended to support weight management, but expectations generated by labelling these as ‘healthier’ alternatives can have unintended effects on the product’s sensory evaluations and consumption behaviours. We compared the impact of four different strategies for presenting a lower-calorie beverage to consumers on product perceptions, short-term appetite and energy intake. Participants (N = 112) consumed higher- (211 kcal/portion) and lower-calorie (98 kcal/portion) fixed-portion soymilks in the morning across two test days, with the lower-calorie version presented in one of four contexts varying in label information and sensory quality: (1) sensory-matched/unlabelled, (2) sensory-matched/labelled, (3) sensory-reduced (less sweet and creamy)/labelled, and (4) sensory-enhanced (sweeter and creamier)/labelled. The label was Singapore’s Healthier Choice Symbol, which also highlighted that the soymilk was lower calorie. Changes in reported appetite, ad libitum lunch intake, and self-reported intake for the rest of the text day were recorded. Results indicated that total energy intake was consistently lower on the days the lower calorie beverages were consumed, regardless of how they were presented. However, the ‘healthier choice’ label increased hunger prior to lunch and reduced the soymilks’ perceived thickness and sweetness compared to the same unlabelled version. Increasing the product’s sensory intensity successfully maintained liking, experienced sensory quality and appetite. Results suggest that food companies wanting to explicitly label product reformulations could combine messages of ‘lower calorie’ and ‘healthier choice’ with appropriate taste and texture enhancements to maintain acceptance and avoid negative effects on appetite.

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Differing effects of high-fat or high-carbohydrate meals on food hedonics in overweight and obese individuals

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516000775 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 115 (10) ◽

pp. 1875-1884 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mark Hopkins ◽

Catherine Gibbons ◽

Phillipa Caudwell ◽

John E. Blundell ◽

Graham Finlayson

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

High Fat ◽

Appetite Control ◽

Short Term ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Carbohydrate ◽

Before And After ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Impact ◽

Food Hedonics

AbstractAlthough the effects of dietary fat and carbohydrate on satiety are well documented, little is known about the impact of these macronutrients on food hedonics. We examined the effects ofad libitumand isoenergetic meals varying in fat and carbohydrate on satiety, energy intake and food hedonics. In all, sixty-five overweight and obese individuals (BMI=30·9 (sd3·8) kg/m2) completed two separate test meal days in a randomised order in which they consumed high-fat/low-carbohydrate (HFLC) or low-fat/high-carbohydrate (LFHC) foods. Satiety was measured using subjective appetite ratings to calculate the satiety quotient. Satiation was assessed by intake atad libitummeals. Hedonic measures of explicit liking (subjective ratings) and implicit wanting (speed of forced choice) for an array of HFLC and LFHC foods were also tested before and after isoenergetic HFLC and LFHC meals. The satiety quotient was greater afterad libitumand isoenergetic meals during the LFHC condition compared with the HFLC condition (P=0·006 andP=0·001, respectively), whereasad libitumenergy intake was lower in the LFHC condition (P<0·001). Importantly, the LFHC meal also reduced explicit liking (P<0·001) and implicit wanting (P=0·011) for HFLC foods compared with the isoenergetic HFLC meal, which failed to suppress the hedonic appeal of subsequent HFLC foods. Therefore, when coupled with increased satiety and lower energy intake, the greater suppression of hedonic appeal for high-fat food seen with LFHC foods provides a further mechanism for why these foods promote better short-term appetite control than HFLC foods.

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Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 905-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Lucy K. Wasse ◽

James A. King ◽

David J. Stensel ◽

Caroline Sunderland

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Short Term ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Increase Energy Intake ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Intake Regulation

Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings.

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Comparison of high-fat and high-carbohydrate foods in a meal or snack on short-term fat and energy intakes in obese women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114500001835 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 521-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

S. M. Green ◽

J. K. Wales ◽

C. L. Lawton ◽

J. E. Blundell

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Obese Women ◽

High Fat ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Within Subjects ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Snack Consumption ◽

Selection Of

The present study aimed to compare the action of high-fat and high-carbohydrate (CHO) foods on meal size (satiation) and post-meal satiety in obese women. A within-subjects design was used; each participant received all four nutritional challenges. Fifteen healthy obese women (age 21–56 years, BMI 35–48 kg/m2) participated; thirteen completed all four test days. On two test days, participants were exposed to a nutritional challenge comprising an ad libitum high-fat or high-CHO lunch. On the other two test days they were exposed to a challenge comprising an ad libitum sweet high-fat or high-CHO mid-afternoon snack. Energy and macronutrient intakes were measured at each eating episode. Visual analogue rating scales were completed periodically to record subjective feelings of appetite. When offered a high-CHO selection of foods at lunch and mid-afternoon participants consumed less energy than when offered a high-fat selection. However, post-meal satiety was similar. Total test-day energy intake was significantly higher when high-fat foods were consumed at lunch, but not as a snack. Consumption of high-fat foods at a lunch and snack increased the amount of fat consumed over the whole test day. In conclusion, energy intake of an eating episode was influenced by nutrient composition in this group of obese women. Consumption of high-fat foods at lunch or as a snack led to overconsumption relative to high-CHO foods. However, high-fat foods at meals may have greater potential to influence daily intake than at snacks, probably because meals are larger eating episodes and therefore give greater opportunity to overconsume.

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Monosodium l-glutamate in soup reduces subsequent energy intake from high-fat savoury food in overweight and obese women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114515004031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 115 (1) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Takashi Miyaki ◽

Toshifumi Imada ◽

Susan Shuzhen Hao ◽

Eiichiro Kimura

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Food Selection ◽

Adult Women ◽

Obese Women ◽

High Fat ◽

Double Blind ◽

Vegetable Soup ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ad Libitum

AbstractThe umami seasoning, monosodium l-glutamate (MSG), has been shown to increase satiety in normal body weight adults, although the results have not been consistent. The satiety effect of MSG in overweight and obese adults has not been examined yet. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of MSG in a vegetable soup on subsequent energy intakes as well as food selection in overweight and obese adult women without eating disorders. A total of sixty-eight overweight and obese women (BMI range: 25·0–39·9 kg/m2), otherwise healthy, were recruited to our study. A fixed portion (200 ml) of control vegetable soup or the same soup with added MSG (0·5 g/100 ml) was provided 10 min before an ad libitum lunch and an ad libitum snack in the mid-afternoon. The control soup had equivalent amount of Na to the soup with added MSG. Energy intakes at the ad libitum lunch and ad libitum snack time after the soup preload were assessed using a randomised, double-blind, two-way cross-over design. The soup with MSG in comparison with the control soup resulted in significantly lower consumption of energy at lunch. The addition of MSG in the soup also reduced energy intake from high-fat savoury foods. The soup with MSG showed lower but no significant difference in energy intake at mid-afternoon. The addition of umami seasoning MSG in a vegetable soup may decrease subsequent energy intake in overweight and obese women who do not have eating disorders.

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Energy intake and appetite-related hormones following acute aerobic and resistance exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h11-121 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 958-966 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Liliana Balaguera-Cortes ◽

Karen E. Wallman ◽

Timothy J. Fairchild ◽

Kym J. Guelfi

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Negative Energy ◽

Short Term ◽

Acute Bout ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Circulating Levels

Previous research has shown that resistance and aerobic exercise have differing effects on perceived hunger and circulating levels of appetite-related hormones. However, the effect of resistance and aerobic exercise on actual energy intake has never been compared. This study investigated the effect of an acute bout of resistance exercise, compared with aerobic exercise, on subsequent energy intake and appetite-regulating hormones. Ten active men completed 3 trials in a counterbalanced design: 45 min of resistance exercise (RES; free and machine weights), aerobic exercise (AER; running), or a resting control trial (CON). Following exercise or CON, participants had access to a buffet-style array of breakfast foods and drinks to consume ad libitum. Plasma concentrations of a range of appetite-regulating hormones were measured throughout each trial. Despite significantly higher energy expenditure with AER compared with RES (p < 0.05), there was no difference in total energy intake from the postexercise meal between trials (p = 0.779). Pancreatic polypeptide was significantly higher prior to the meal after both RES and AER compared with CON. In contrast, active ghrelin was lower following RES compared with both CON and AER (p ≤ 0.05), while insulin was higher following RES compared with CON (p = 0.013). In summary, the differential response of appetite-regulating hormones to AER and RES does not appear to influence energy intake in the postexercise meal. However, given the greater energy expenditure associated with AER compared with RES, AER modes of exercise may be preferable for achieving short-term negative energy balance.

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Short-term isocaloric manipulation of carbohydrate intake: effect on subsequent ad libitum energy intake

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-010-0152-5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 455-463 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adela Penesova ◽

Colleen A. Venti ◽

Joy C. Bunt ◽

Susan M. Bonfiglio ◽

Susanne B. Votruba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Short Term ◽

Ad Libitum

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Twenty-Four-Hour Leptin Levels Respond to Cumulative Short-Term Energy Imbalance and Predict Subsequent Intake1

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.85.8.6755 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 85 (8) ◽

pp. 2685-2691

Author(s):

Catherine Chin-Chance ◽

Kenneth S. Polonsky ◽

Dale A. Schoeller

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Treatment Period ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Vital Role ◽

Short Term ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Term Energy ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Ad Libitum Intake

Leptin plays a vital role in the regulation of energy balance in rodent models of obesity. However, less information is available about its homeostatic role in humans. The aim of this study was to determine whether leptin serves as an indicator of short-term energy balance by measuring acute effects of small manipulations in energy intake on leptin levels in normal individuals. The 12-day study was composed of four consecutive dietary-treatment periods of 3 days each. Baseline (BASE) [100% total energy expenditure (TEE)] feeding, followed by random crossover periods of overfeeding (130% TEE) or underfeeding (70% TEE) separated by a eucaloric (100% TEE) washout (WASH) period. The study participants were six healthy, nonobese subjects. Leptin levels serially measured throughout the study period allowed a daily profile for each treatment period to be constructed and a 24-h average to be calculated; ad libitum intake during breakfast“ buffet” following each treatment period was also measured. Average changes in mesor leptin levels during WASH, which were sensitive to energy balance effected during the prior period, were observed. After underfeeding, leptin levels during WASH were 88 ± 16% of those during BASE compared with 135 ± 22% following overfeeding (P = 0.03). Leptin levels did not return to BASE during WASH when intake returned to 100% TEE, but instead were restored (104 ± 21% and 106 ± 16%; not significant) only after subjects crossed-over to complementary dietary treatment that restored cumulative energy balance. Changes in ad libitum intake from BASE correlated with changes in leptin levels (r2 = 0.40; P = 0.01). Leptin levels are acutely responsive to modest changes in energy balance. Because leptin levels returned to BASE only after completion of a complementary feeding period and restoration of cumulative energy balance, leptin levels reflect short-term cumulative energy balance. Leptin seems to maintain cumulative energy balance by modulating energy intake.

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