scholarly journals Reproducibility of 24-h post-exercise changes in energy intake in overweight and obese women using current methodology

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma L. Brown ◽  
Michael E. Lean ◽  
Catherine R. Hankey
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise

Direct observation(s) of energy intake (EI) via buffet meals served in the laboratory are often carried out within short-term exercise intervention studies. The reproducibility of values obtained has not been assessed either under resting control conditions or post-exercise, in overweight and obese females. A total of fourteen sedentary, pre-menopausal females (BMI 30·0 (sd5·1) kg/m2) completed four trials; two exercise and two control. Each trial lasted 24 h spanning over 2 d; conducted from afternoon on day 1 and morning on day 2. An exercise session to expend 1·65 MJ was completed on day 1 of exercise trials, and three buffet meals were served during each trial. Reproducibility of post-exercise changes in energy and macronutrient intakes was assessed at each individual buffet meal by intraclass correlation coefficient (ri). Only therivalues for post-exercise changes in energy (ri0·44 (95 % CI − 0·03, 0·77),P = 0·03) and fat intake (ri0·51 (95 % CI 0·04, 0·81),P = 0·02) at the lunch buffet meal achieved statistical significance; however, theserivalues were weak and had large associated 95 % CI, which indicates a large degree of variability associated with these measurements. Energy and macronutrient intakes at the breakfast and evening buffet meals were not reproducible. This study concludes that the frequently used laboratory-based buffet meal method of assessing EI does not produce reliable, reproducible post-exercise changes in EI in overweight and obese women.

scholarly journals Consistency in compensatory eating responses following acute exercise in inactive, overweight and obese women

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (7) ◽  
pp. 1170-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Unick ◽  
Kevin C. O'Leary ◽  
Leah Dorfman ◽  
J. Graham Thomas ◽  
Kelley Strohacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
The Difference

It is often assumed that some individuals reliably increase energy intake (EI) post-exercise (‘compensators’) and some do not (‘non-compensators’), leading researchers to examine the characteristics that distinguish these two groups. However, it is unclear whether EI post-exercise is stable over time. The present study examined whether compensatory eating responses to a single exercise bout are consistent within individuals across three pairs of trials. Physically inactive, overweight/obese women (n28, BMI 30·3 (sd2·9) kg/m2) participated in three pairs of testing sessions, with each pair consisting of an exercise (30 min of moderate-intensity walking) and resting testing day. EI was measured using a buffet meal 1 h post-exercise/rest. For each pair, the difference in EI (EIdiff= EIex− EIrest) was calculated, where EIexis the EI of the exercise session and EIrestis the EI of the resting session, and women were classified as a ‘compensator’ (EIex>EIrest) or ‘non-compensator’ (EIex≤ EIrest). The average EI on exercise days (3328·0 (sd1686·2) kJ) was similar to those on resting days (3269·4 (sd1582·4) kJ) (P= 0·67). Although EI was reliable within individuals across the three resting days (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0·75, 95 % CI 0·60, 0·87;P< 0·001) and three exercise days (ICC 0·83, 95 % CI 0·70, 0·91;P< 0·001), the ICC for EIdiffacross the three pairs of trials was low (ICC 0·20, 95 % CI − 0·02, 0·45;P= 0·04), suggesting that compensatory eating post-exercise is not a stable construct. Moreover, the classification of ‘compensators’/‘non-compensators’ was not reliable (κ =− 0·048;P= 0·66). The results were unaltered when ‘relative’ EI was used, which considers the energy expenditure of the exercise/resting sessions. Acute compensatory EI following an exercise bout is not reliable in overweight women. Seeking to understand what distinguishes ‘compensators’ from ‘non-compensators’ based on a single eating episode post-exercise is not justified.

The effects of short-term overfeeding on ad libitum energy intake in thin and reduced-obese women and men

Appetite ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
M.A. Cornier ◽  
S.S. Von Kaenel ◽  
D.H. Bessesen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ad Libitum

Effects of Short-Term Exercise Training With and Without Milk Intake on Cardiometabolic and Inflammatory Adaptations in Obese Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maple Liu ◽  
Linda J. Gillis ◽  
Nicholas R. Persadie ◽  
Stephanie A. Atkinson ◽  
Stuart M. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Daily Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

There is some evidence that a combination of factors can reduce inflammation and associated metabolic risk factors. We studied the early cardiometabolic and inflammatory adaptations to a short-term exercise intervention with and without milk in obese adolescents. Fifty-four adolescents were randomized to consume milk post exercise (MILK) or a carbohydrate beverage (CONT) during one-week of daily exercise. Insulin levels were not different between the groups post training. Glucose was reduced over time in both groups (-9 ± 13 mg/dl MILK and -6 ± 14 mg/dl CONT, p < .05) but not different between groups. There was a greater decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the MILK group (-3 ± 6 mmHg MILK vs. 2 ± 7 mmHg CONT, p < .04). Milk provided postexercise did not affect C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or interleukin-6 (IL-6). The exercise intervention led to an increase in TNF-α in both groups (0.27 ± 0.7 pg/ml MILK and 0.48 ± 0.6 pg/ml CONT, p < .001). The early adaptations to a short-term exercise intervention in obese adolescents include a reduction in MAP and an increase in some inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF A THERMOGENIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON POST AEROBIC EXERCISE HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSES IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (38) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Vilton Emanoel Lopes de Moura E Silva ◽  
Valmir Oliveira Silvino ◽  
Jefferson Fernando Coelho Rodrigues Júnior ◽  
Alyson Felipe da Costa Sena ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Neves Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Introduction: The use of food supplements with esthetic or performance-enhancing goals has been largely investigated. Thermogenics are supplements that increase energy expenditure through thermogenesis and are widely consumed by individuals seeking to improve body composition and exercise performance. Objective: To evaluate the effects of a commercially available thermogenic supplement on post-exercise blood pressure responses. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven healthy thermogenic supplements users participated in the study. Nine were assigned in the control group (21.67 ± 1.87 years), nine in the thermogenic group (24.00 ± 4.18), and nine in the placebo group (23.67 ± 3.04). The volunteers performed a treadmill aerobic exercise session for 60 minutes at 65 to 85% max heart rate. The hemodynamic variables were measured at rest and during 60 minutes in the post-exercise recovery. The normality of the data was evaluated using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Baseline momentum and post-exercise recovery were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA test (group versus time factors), with Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The thermogenic supplement did not significantly compromise post-exercise hypotension when compared to the other groups. However, thermogenic supplementation increased the blood pressure in >5 mmHg, which reportedly plays an important role in cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The use of the thermogenic Lipo 6 Black Ultra Concentre Nutrex ® did not alter PEH in healthy youngsters. However, since an increase in the blood pressure was observed, this supplementation must be administered with caution.

scholarly journals The Effects of Timing of a Leucine-Enriched Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition and Physical Function in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuo Morotomi ◽  
Arinori Kamono ◽  
Saki Ishimoto ◽  
Ryo Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Exercise

The combination of exercise and nutritional intervention is widely used for stroke patients, as well as frail or sarcopenic older persons. As previously shown, supplemental branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) or protein to gain muscle mass has usually been given just after exercise. This study investigated the effect of the timing of supplemental BCAAs with exercise intervention on physical function in stroke patients. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups based on the timing of supplementation: breakfast (n = 23) and post-exercise (n = 23). The supplement in the breakfast group was provided at 08:00 with breakfast, and in the post-exercise group it was provided just after the exercise session in the afternoon at 14:00–18:00. In both groups, the exercise intervention was performed with two sessions a day for two months. The main effects were observed in body fat mass (p = 0.02, confidence interval (CI): 13.2–17.7), leg press strength (p = 0.04, CI: 94.5–124.5), and Berg balance scale (p = 0.03, CI: 41.6–52.6), but no interaction with intake timing was observed. Although the effect of the timing of supplementation on skeletal muscle mass was similar in both groups, BCAA intake with breakfast was effective for improving physical performance and decreasing body fat mass. The results suggest that a combination of BCAA intake with breakfast and an exercise program was effective for promoting rehabilitation of post-stroke patients.

scholarly journals Acute effects of exercise on energy intake and feeding behaviour

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Imbeault ◽  
Sylvie Saint-Pierre ◽  
Natalie AlméRas ◽  
Angelo Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the short-term effects of exercise of different intensities on energy intake. Eleven young men were submitted to three randomly assigned sessions (one control and two exercise sessions) in which they ate, ad libitum, foods from a buffet-type meal. The energy cost of exercise was the same in the two exercise sessions. Results showed that there was no significant change in post-exercise subjective levels of hunger and fullness as well as total energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison with the control session. However, when energy intake relative to expenditure was considered by subtracting the surplus of energy expended during exercise from total energy intake, high-intensity exercise exerted a greater reducing effect on this variable compared with the control and low-intensity exercise sessions. These results suggest that for a given level of energy expenditure, high-intensity exercise favours negative energy balance to a greater extent than low-intensity exercise.

Leptin response to carbohydrate or fat meal and association with subsequent satiety and energy intake

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. E855-E861 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Romon ◽  
P. Lebel ◽  
C. Velly ◽  
N. Marecaux ◽  
J. C. Fruchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Carbohydrate Meal

To assess the impact of the macronutrient content of a meal on the postprandial leptin response and its relationship with postprandial satiety, 22 young healthy subjects (11 men and 11 women) were given, in a randomized order, an isoenergetic meal [carbohydrate (81%) or fat (79%)] or remained fasting. Blood sampling and hunger and satiety scores were collected hourly during 9 h after the meal. Spontaneous intake was measured at a buffet meal at 9 h postprandially. In both genders, leptin response was higher after the carbohydrate meal than after the fat meal and while fasting. In women, leptin levels were higher after the fat meal than while fasting. Leptin response was significantly correlated to insulin response ( r = 0.51, P < 0.0001). Hunger and satiety ratings and subsequent energy intake were not different after carbohydrate or fat intake. In conclusion, a carbohydrate meal induces higher postprandial leptin levels than an isoenergetic fat meal. Short-term regulation of postprandial satiety and food intake is not influenced by circulating leptin.

scholarly journals Fluid Restriction Decreases Solid Food Consumption Post-Exercise

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209
Author(s):  
Cristian Pérez-Luco ◽  
Francisco Díaz-Castro ◽  
Carlos Jorquera ◽  
Rodrigo Troncoso ◽  
Hermann Zbinden-Foncea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Trial Time ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Exercise Induced

Dehydration in rodents induces anorexia. In humans however, the role of dehydration in energy intake is controversial. This study investigated the effect of extreme fluid restriction on acute energy intake during and after exercise-induced dehydration. Eight physically active participants performed two exercise sessions to induce dehydration. After the exercise, the men were allowed to either rehydrate for 2 h or were maintained in a hypohydrated state, in a randomized manner. After 2 h, they were given cereal bars ad libitum for 1 h. Blood and saliva samples of the participants were collected before the exercise session, after the exercise session, after rehydration, and after the meal. Post-exercise energy intake differed between hypohydrated (1430 ± 210 kcal) and rehydrated (2190 ± 780 kcal) trials (p = 0.01). For the concentrations of ghrelin and leptin, there were no significant effects of time (p = 0.94, p = 0.21), between trials (p = 0.09, p = 0.99), or due to a trial–time interaction (p = 0.64, p = 0.68), respectively. The concentrations of peptide YY (PYY) were not different between trials (p = 0.94) but there was a significant effect of time (p = 0.0001) and a trial–time interaction (p = 0.01), with higher levels in the rehydration trial after eating in response to a higher energy intake. For saliva production, there was a significant effect of time (p = 0.02) and a trial–time interaction (p = 0.04), but no between-trial effect (p = 0.08). In conclusion, extreme fluid restriction decreased acute food intake after exercise, which may be explained by a lower flow of saliva.

scholarly journals Exogenous Ketones Lower Post-exercise Acyl-Ghrelin and GLP-1 but Do Not Impact Ad libitum Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuro E. Okada ◽  
Tony Quan ◽  
Marc R. Bomhof
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ketone Ester

Ketosis and exercise are both associated with alterations in perceived appetite and modification of appetite-regulating hormones. This study utilized a ketone ester (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate (KE) to examine the impact of elevated ketone body D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) during and after a bout of exercise on appetite-related hormones, appetite perception, and ad libitum energy intake over a 2 h post-exercise period. In a randomized crossover trial, 13 healthy males and females (age: 23.6 ± 2.4 years; body mass index: 25.7 ± 3.2 kg·m−2) completed an exercise session @ 70% VO2peak for 60 min on a cycling ergometer and consumed either: (1) Ketone monoester (KET) (0.5 g·kg−1 pre-exercise + 0.25 g·kg−1 post-exercise); or (2) isocaloric dextrose control (DEX). Transient ketonaemia was achieved with βHB concentrations reaching 5.0 mM (range 4.1–6.1 mM) during the post-exercise period. Relative to the dextrose condition, acyl-ghrelin (P = 0.002) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (P = 0.038) were both reduced by acute ketosis immediately following exercise. AUC for acyl-ghrelin was lower in KET compared to DEX (P = 0.001), however there were no differences in AUC for GLP-1 (P = 0.221) or PYY (P = 0.654). Perceived appetite (hunger, P = 0.388; satisfaction, P = 0.082; prospective food consumption, P = 0.254; fullness, P = 0.282) and 2 h post-exercise ad libitum energy intake (P = 0.488) were not altered by exogenous ketosis. Although KE modifies homeostatic regulators of appetite, it does not appear that KE acutely alters energy intake during the post-exercise period in healthy adults.

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