Elevations in alanine aminotransferase are associated with insulin resistance, overweight and obesity and low aerobic fitness levels in children and adolescents

Appetite ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 1175
Author(s):  
C.J. Retallick ◽  
D.M. Whitcombe ◽  
B. Davies ◽  
D.A. Hullin ◽  
B. Mcdonnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fitness Levels

scholarly journals SECULAR CHANGES IN AEROBIC FITNESS LEVELS IN BRAZILIAN CHILDREN

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 450-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva ◽  
Edio Luiz Petroski ◽  
Adroaldo Cezar Araujo Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Fitness Levels

ABSTRACT Introduction: Aerobic fitness is a component of physical fitness related to health and has great importance in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To verify the secular changes in aerobic fitness levels and to identify factors over a decade related to low levels of aerobic fitness in Brazilian children. Methods: This secular change study was carried out from 1999 to 2010 with 11,083 children aged from six to nine years, of both sexes, living in all regions of Brazil. The aerobic fitness was assessed by the 9-minute run test. The independent variables were sex, age, geographic region, area of residence, and nutritional status. The “t” test was used for independent samples and analysis of variance, chi-square test, and Poisson regression were used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR) and confidence intervals of 95% (CI 95%). Results: No significant changes in the distance covered in the 9-minute run test and in the prevalence of low levels of aerobic fitness were observed from 1999 to 2010. The population subgroups most likely to have low aerobic fitness levels were students aged seven years, those in the Midwestern, Southeast, and South of Brazil, those living in rural areas and those with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Over a decade, low levels of aerobic fitness were present in four fifths of Brazilian children and this picture did not change. Low levels of aerobic fitness affected more children above six years old, living in the economically most favored regions of Brazil, in rural areas and with overweight.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Brazilian children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness: systematic review update for Report Card Brazil Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Custódio Martins ◽  
Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Junior ◽  
Tiago Rodrigues de Lima ◽  
Andressa Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Mikael Seabra Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Report Card ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Previous Systematic Review ◽  
Cutoff Points ◽  
Brazilian Children ◽  
Fitness Levels

abstract The aim of the study was to update Brazilian evidence on the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness. This systematic review is part of the Report Card Brazil Project and the search was restricted to studies published during the period from January 2018 to December 2019 in nine electronic databases. Studies with different designs, which allowed extracting information about the prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness (age up to 19 years or average age up to 19 years) were included. Studies published from 2020 were not included due to the possible effect of the pandemic on this indicator and because there is no certainty as to when the pandemic will end. Of the 694 studies initially identified, 13 studies with information of 14,673 children and adolescents were included after reading titles, abstracts, full texts and references. The prevalence of children and adolescents who met health criteria for aerobic fitness was 26.9% (29.7% for girls; 44.6% for boys). In this search, eight different cutoff points were used to determine adequate aerobic fitness levels and five tests were used to determine aerobic fitness. Analyzing data from the present review with the previous systematic review of this project, one third of children and adolescents in Brazil meet health criteria for aerobic fitness.

scholarly journals Correlation of HOMA-IR with BMI-for-age percentile in children and adolescents from the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-450
Author(s):  
Consuelo Chang-Rueda ◽  
Ana Cañas-Urbina ◽  
Karina Trujillo-Murillo ◽  
Marisol Espinoza-Ruiz ◽  
Jorge Feliciano-Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a major risk factor for developing diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. In pediatrics, morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases highlights the diagnostic importance of IR for primary care.Objective: To determine Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) values and their correlation with BMI-for-age percentile in children and adolescents of the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico.Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study. Overweight and obesity prevalence was determined based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) percentile of 112 children (5-19 years old). Glucose and fasting insulin values were quantified and used for estimation of HOMA-IR.Results: The combined prevalence of obesity and overweight was 66%, with insulin (p=0.010) and HOMA-IR (p=0.015) values higher than those of the normal weight group. The HOMA-IR values correlated positively with age (r=0.636), weight (r=0.569), height (r=0.578) and BMI percentile (r=0.198).Conclusions: In the study population, HOMA-IR has a moderately significant correlation with an increase in BMI percentile.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary, Personalized, Lifestyle Intervention Program is Associated with Increased Leukocyte Telomere Length in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
George Paltoglou ◽  
Christina Raftopoulou ◽  
Nicolas C. Nicolaides ◽  
Sofia M. Genitsaridi ◽  
Sofia I. Karampatsou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention Program

Leucocyte telomere length (LTL) is a robust marker of biological aging and is associated with obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood and adolescence. We investigated the effect of a structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, personalized, lifestyle intervention program of healthy diet and physical exercise on LTL in 508 children and adolescents (239 males, 269 females; 282 prepubertal, 226 pubertal), aged 10.14 ± 0.13 years. Participants were classified as obese (n = 267, 52.6%), overweight (n = 174, 34.2%), or of normal BMI (n = 67, 13.2%) according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cutoff points and were studied prospectively for one year. We demonstrated that LTL increased significantly after 1 year of the lifestyle interventions, irrespective of gender, pubertal status, or body mass index (BMI). Waist circumference was the best negative predictor of LTL at initial assessment. The implementation of the lifestyle interventions also resulted in a significant improvement in clinical (BMI, BMI z-score and waist to height ratio) and body composition indices of obesity, inflammatory markers, hepatic enzymes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), and lipid profile in all participants. These findings indicate that the increased LTL may be associated with a more favorable metabolic profile and decreased morbidity later in life.

scholarly journals POS1309 PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF UNDERWEIGHT, OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG PATIENTS WITH JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): EVIDENCE FROM THE NATIONAL PAEDIATRIC RHEUMATOLOGIC DATABASE (NPRD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 936.2-937
Author(s):  
F. Milatz ◽  
J. Klotsche ◽  
M. Niewerth ◽  
J. Hörstermann ◽  
D. Windschall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Obesity In Children

Background:In patients with JIA, growth impairment and variance in body composition are well-known long-term complications that may be associated with prolonged drug therapy (e.g. glucocorticoids) as well as impaired physical and psychosocial well-being. An increased accumulation of body fat represents a significant risk factor for metabolic abnormalities and a modifiable variable for a number of comorbidities. Recently, evidence has emerged in favour of the potential negative influence of overweight on the course of the disease and treatment response [1].Objectives:The study aimed a) to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA compared to the general population, and b) to investigate correlates of patients’ weight status.Methods:A cross-sectional analysis of physicians’ recorded body weights and heights of patients with JIA enrolled in the NPRD in the year 2019 was performed. Underweight (BMI <10th), overweight (BMI >90th) and obesity (BMI >97th) were defined according to age- and sex-specific percentiles used in the German reference system. For comparison with data from the general population [2], sex- and age-matched pairs of 3-17-year-old patients and controls were generated. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between weight status and patients’ clinical and self-reported outcomes.Results:In total, data from 6.515 children and adolescents with JIA (age 11.2 ± 4.1 years, disease duration 4.9 ± 3.8 years, 67% girls, 40% persistent oligoarthritis) were included. Of these, 3.334 (age 5.9 ± 2.1 years, 52.5% girls) could be considered for matched-pair analysis. Compared with the general population, patients underweight, overweight and obesity rates were 10.6% (vs. 8.1%), 8.8% (vs. 8.5%) and 6.1% (vs. 5.7%), respectively. No significant sex differences were found in either group. Largest difference in prevalence was registered for underweight, specifically in the age group 3-6 years (12.9% patients vs. 5.9% controls). Similar to the general population, higher rates of overweight were observed in adolescent patients than in affected children (19.1% age group 11-13 vs. 8.4% age group 3-6). While the highest underweight prevalence was registered in patients with RF+ polyarthritis (16%), patients with Enthesitis-related arthritis (22%), psoriatic arthritis (21%) and systemic JIA (20%) showed the highest overweight rates (including obesity). Younger age (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.31-0.83), more frequent physical activity (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85-0.99) and high parental vocational education (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18-0.80) were independently associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight/obese.Conclusion:The overall prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with JIA is comparable to that found in the general population. Behavioural health promotion, including regular physical activity, as part of the treatment strategy in JIA should preventively already begin at preschool age and necessarily be made accessible to patients of all educational levels.References:[1]Giani T et al. The influence of overweight and obesity on treatment response in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2019;10:637.[2]Schienkiewitz A et al. BMI among children and adolescents: prevalences and distribution considering underweight and extreme obesity. Bundesgesundheitsbl 2019;62:1225–1234.Acknowledgements:The National Paediatric Rheumatological Database has been funded by AbbVie, Chugai, Novartis and GSK.Disclosure of Interests:Florian Milatz: None declared, Jens Klotsche: None declared, Martina Niewerth: None declared, Jana Hörstermann: None declared, Daniel Windschall: None declared, Frank Weller-Heinemann Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, SOBI, Roche and Novartis., Frank Dressler: None declared, Rainer Berendes: None declared, Johannes-Peter Haas: None declared, Gerd Horneff: None declared, Kirsten Minden Speakers bureau: Pfizer, AbbVie, Consultant of: Novartis

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Possibilities of Prevention and Treatment: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1782
Author(s):  
Monika Grabia ◽  
Renata Markiewicz-Żukowska ◽  
Katarzyna Socha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review shows that, apart from the growing percentage of overweight and obese children and adolescents with T1DM (on average 20.1% and 9.5%, respectively), the problem of the increasing incidence of MetS (range from 3.2 to 29.9%, depending on the criteria used) is one of the most important phenomena of our time. One of the methods of prevention and treatment is a combined approach: changing eating habits and lifestyle, but there are also reports about the beneficial effects of the gut microflora.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Polish Nurses

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Anna Bartosiewicz ◽  
Edyta Łuszczki ◽  
Małgorzata Nagórska ◽  
Łukasz Oleksy ◽  
Artur Stolarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Professional Group ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Obesity Class ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The World

The metabolic syndrome, also known as syndrome X or the insulin resistance, is defined by the World Health Organization as a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Both all over the world and in Poland, there is a shortage of nurses; most of those employed are in the pre-retirement age. However, the requirements in this profession and the patient’s right to care at the highest level remain unchanged and do not take into account the poor condition or age of working nurses, so special attention should be paid to the state of health in this professional group. There is an emphasis on the importance of the adopted attitude toward health and the resulting behaviors, such as regular weight control, following dietary recommendations, regular physical activity and participation in preventive examinations. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome, its individual components and determining the factors influencing its development in Polish nurses. The research conducted among the nurses in question included DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) measurements, assessment of glucose concentration, lipid profile, blood pressure and a questionnaire survey. Almost half of the surveyed nurses have metabolic syndrome, which significantly increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. After multivariate analysis, it was found that being overweight and obesity were significant factors influenced the MS (metabolic syndrome) occurrence among Polish nurses. Being overweight increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.58 times in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) <25, obesity increases the chances of MS occurrence 8.085 times in relation to BMI <25, and obesity class II/III increases the chances of MS occurrence 16.505 times in relation to BMI <25. Preventive and supportive measures for this professional group are needed.

scholarly journals Free Sugars Consumption in Canada

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1471
Author(s):  
Huma Rana ◽  
Marie-Claude Mallet ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Marie-France Verreault ◽  
Sylvie St-Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Baked Products

Free sugars (FS) are associated with a higher risk of dental decay in children and an increased risk of weight gain, overweight and obesity and type 2 diabetes. For this reason, Canada’s Food Guide recommends limiting foods and beverages that contribute to excess free sugars consumption. Estimating FS intakes is needed to inform policies and interventions aimed at reducing Canadians’ consumption of FS. The objective of this study was to estimate FS intake of Canadians using a new method that estimated the free sugars content of foods in the Canadian Nutrient File, the database used in national nutrition surveys. We define FS as sugars present in food products in which the structure has been broken down. We found that 12% of total energy (about 56 g) comes from FS in the diet of Canadians 1 year of age and older (≥1 year). The top four sources were: (1) sugars, syrups, preserves, confectionary, desserts; (2) soft drinks; (3) baked products and (4) juice (without added sugars), and accounted for 60% of total free sugars intake. The results show that efforts need to be sustained to help Canadians, particularly children and adolescents, to reduce their FS intake.

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