Expression patterns of the hatching enzyme genes during embryonic development of tilapia

Aquaculture ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 845-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie He ◽  
Yujun Liang ◽  
Chenghao Xie ◽  
Hanchao Qiao ◽  
Pao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Hatching Enzyme

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning ofphd1and Comparative Analysis ofphd1, 2, and3Expression inXenopus laevis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Han ◽  
Luan Wen ◽  
Yonglong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Molecular Cloning ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Inxenopus Laevis ◽  
And Function

Intensive gene targeting studies in mice have revealed that prolyl hydroxylase domain proteins (PHDs) play important roles in murine embryonic development; however, the expression patterns and function of these genes during embryogenesis of other vertebrates remain largely unknown. Here we report the molecular cloning ofphd1and systematic analysis ofphd1,phd2, andphd3expression in embryos as well as adult tissues ofXenopus laevis. All threephdsare maternally provided duringXenopusearly development. The spatial expression patterns ofphdsgenes inXenopusembryos appear to define a distinct synexpression group. Frogphd2andphd3showed complementary expression in adult tissues withphd2transcription levels being high in the eye, brain, and intestine, but low in the liver, pancreas, and kidney. On the contrary, expression levels ofphd3are high in the liver, pancreas, and kidney, but low in the eye, brain, and intestine. All threephdsare highly expressed in testes, ovary, gall bladder, and spleen. Among threephds,phd3showed strongest expression in heart.

scholarly journals SOX2 Plays a Critical Role in the Pituitary, Forebrain, and Eye during Human Embryonic Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1865-1873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kelberman ◽  
Sandra C. P. de Castro ◽  
Shuwen Huang ◽  
John A. Crolla ◽  
Rodger Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Direct Role

Abstract Context: Heterozygous, de novo mutations in the transcription factor SOX2 are associated with bilateral anophthalmia or severe microphthalmia and hypopituitarism. Variable additional abnormalities include defects of the corpus callosum and hippocampus. Objective: We have ascertained a further three patients with severe eye defects and pituitary abnormalities who were screened for mutations in SOX2. To provide further evidence of a direct role for SOX2 in hypothalamo-pituitary development, we have studied the expression of the gene in human embryonic tissues. Results: All three patients harbored heterozygous SOX2 mutations: a deletion encompassing the entire gene, an intragenic deletion (c.70_89del), and a novel nonsense mutation (p.Q61X) within the DNA binding domain that results in impaired transactivation. We also show that human SOX2 can inhibit β-catenin-driven reporter gene expression in vitro, whereas mutant SOX2 proteins are unable to repress efficiently this activity. Furthermore, we show that SOX2 is expressed throughout the human brain, including the developing hypothalamus, as well as Rathke’s pouch, the developing anterior pituitary, and the eye. Conclusions: Patients with SOX2 mutations often manifest the unusual phenotype of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, with sparing of other pituitary hormones despite anterior pituitary hypoplasia. SOX2 expression patterns in human embryonic development support a direct involvement of the protein during development of tissues affected in these individuals. Given the critical role of Wnt-signaling in the development of most of these tissues, our data suggest that a failure to repress the Wnt-β-catenin pathway could be one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with loss-of-function mutations in SOX2.

scholarly journals Expression analysis of Rab11 during zebrafish embryonic development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Zhang ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Zhangji Dong ◽  
Wenjin Hao ◽  
Dong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Rab Gtpase ◽  
Rab Proteins ◽  
Pharyngeal Arches ◽  
Pronephric Duct ◽  
Phylogeny Analysis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background: Rab proteins are GTPases responsible for intracellular vesicular trafficking regulation. Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. In zebrafish, there are 3 rab11 paralogues, known as rab11a, rab11ba and rab11bb, sharing high identity with each other. However, the expression analysis of rab11 is so far lacking. Results: Here, by phylogeny analysis, we found the three rab11 genes are highly conserved especially for their GTPase domains. We examined the expression patterns of rab11a, rab11ba and rab11bb using RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. We found that all the three genes were highly enriched in the central nervous system, but in different areas of the brain. Apart from brain, rab11a was also expressed in caudal vein, pronephric duct, proctodeum, pharyngeal arches and digestive duct, rab11ba was detected to express in muscle, and rab11bb was expressed in kidney, fin and spinal cord. Different from rab11a and rab11ba, which both have maternal expressions in embryos, rab11bb only expresses during 24hpf to 96hpf. Conclusions: Our results suggest that rab11 genes play important but distinct roles in the development of the nervous system in zebrafish. The findings could provide new evidences for better understanding the functions of rab11 in the development of zebrafish embryos.

scholarly journals Hmx3a has essential functions in zebrafish spinal cord, ear and lateral line development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. England ◽  
Gustavo A. Cerda ◽  
Angelica Kowalchuk ◽  
Taylor Sorice ◽  
Ginny Grieb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dna Binding ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Dna Binding Domain ◽  
Spinal Cord Development ◽  
Spinal Interneuron ◽  
Sensory Structures

AbstractTranscription factors that contain a homeodomain DNA-binding domain have crucial functions in most aspects of cellular function and embryonic development in both animals and plants. Hmx proteins are a sub-family of NK homeodomain-containing proteins that have fundamental roles in development of sensory structures such as the eye and the ear. However, Hmx functions in spinal cord development have not been analyzed. Here we show that zebrafish (Danio rerio) hmx2 and hmx3a are co-expressed in spinal dI2 and V1 interneurons, whereas hmx3b, hmx1 and hmx4 are not expressed in spinal cord. Using mutational analyses, we demonstrate that, in addition to its previously reported role in ear development, hmx3a is required for correct specification of a subset of spinal interneuron neurotransmitter phenotypes, as well as correct lateral line progression and survival to adulthood. Surprisingly, despite similar expression patterns of hmx2 and hmx3a during embryonic development, zebrafish hmx2 mutants are viable and have no obviously abnormal phenotypes in sensory structures or neurons that require hmx3a. In addition, embryos homozygous for deletions of both hmx2 and hmx3a have identical phenotypes to severe hmx3a single mutants. However, mutating hmx2 in hypomorphic hmx3a mutants that usually develop normally, results in abnormal ear and lateral line phenotypes. This suggests that while hmx2 cannot compensate for loss of hmx3a, it does function in these developmental processes, although to a much lesser extent than hmx3a. More surprisingly, our mutational analyses suggest that Hmx3a may not require its homeodomain DNA-binding domain for its roles in viability or embryonic development.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of ERV transcripts in goat embryos

Reproduction ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Ruizhi Deng ◽  
Chengquan Han ◽  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Beifen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Embryonic Genome ◽  
Genome Activation

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), which are abundant in mammalian genomes, can modulate the expression of nearby genes, and their expression is dynamic and stage-specific during early embryonic development in mice and humans. However, the functions and mechanisms of ERV elements in regulating embryonic development remain unclear. Here, we utilized several methods to determine the contribution of ERVs to the makeup and regulation of transcripts during embryonic genome activation (EGA). We constructed an ERV library and embryo RNA-seq library (IVF_2c and IVF_8c) of goat to serve as our research basis. The GO and KEGG analysis of nearby ERV genes revealed that some ERV elements may be associated with embryonic development. RNA-seq results were consistent with the features of EGA. To obtain the transcripts derived from the ERV sequences, we blasted the ERV sequences with embryonic transcripts and identified three lncRNAs and one mRNA that were highly expressed in IVF-8c rather than in IVF-2c (q-value <0.05). Then, we validated the expression patterns of nine ERV-related transcripts during early developmental stages and knocked down three high-expression transcripts in EGA. The knockdown of lncRNA TCONS_00460156 or mRNA HSD17B11 significantly decreased the developmental rate of IVF embryos. Our findings suggested that some transcripts from ERVs are essential for the early embryonic development of goat, and analyzing the ERV expression profile during goat EGA may help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of ERV in regulating embryonic development.

scholarly journals Characterisation of a dual-colour retinoic acid reporter system for analysing cells and embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Bianca Black
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Transgenic Mouse Line

<p>Vitamin A is an important component in the diet as its metabolites, the retinoids, play key roles in a vast range of cellular functions, from production of germ cells, to embryonic development and right through until adulthood. The function of retinoids, in particular retinoic acid (RA), is especially important during early embryonic development, where it is responsible for many different key developmental events. Some of the processes controlled by RA include brain region patterning, Hox gene expression, axis establishment and somite formation. Here, we aimed to characterise the expression pattern of retinoic acid in the early murine embryo and isolate cell populations from a range of RA concentrations to analyse the mRNA expression.  To do this, we used a transgenic mouse line which expressed a reporter plasmid that was able to show, through the expression of two fluorescent proteins, areas of high RA concentration and area of low RA concentration. We tested the function of this reporter system in vitro, using cell lines which were transfected with the plasmid and exposed to RA in their growth media. This worked showed a somewhat does-dependent response from the reporter system expressing the fluorescent proteins. We then imaged transgenic embryos at various stages of early development, to ascertain the areas of RA expression and repression. Here, we saw fluorescent protein expression patterns that indicated both high and low concetrations of RA. Using this information, we dissociated transgenic E8.5 embryos and sorted the cells based on their levels of expression of the two fluorescent proteins, as well as by tissue type, which had been marked with antibodies. mRNA was extracted from these populations and PCR was performed to identify the presence of Hox genes and to see any difference in expression patterns across the various cell populations.</p>

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