Neuromuscular contributions to the age-related reduction in muscle power: Mechanisms and potential role of high velocity power training

Estrogen provides many beneficial effects early in life by regulating normal tissue development and several physiological functions. While estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in women was expected to reduce the health risks associated with the age-related decline in estrogen levels during menopause, ERT also resulted in increased progression to other types of diseases. Hence, distinguishing the signaling pathways that regulate the beneficial and detrimental effects of estrogen is important for developing interventions that selectively harness the hormone's beneficial effects, while minimizing its side effects. Estrogen can minimize mitochondrial dysfunction, which is thought to contribute to aging phenotypes. Decline in estrogen levels during menopause may lead to progressive mitochondrial dysfunction and may permanently alter cellular response, including that of estrogen (i.e., ERT). This review discusses the interplay between estrogen and mitochondrial function during the aging process and suggests a potential role of mitochondria in influencing the pleiotropic action of estrogen.

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Epigenetics of aging and disease: a brief overview

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research ◽

10.1007/s40520-019-01430-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Christina Pagiatakis ◽

Elettra Musolino ◽

Rosalba Gornati ◽

Giovanni Bernardini ◽

Roberto Papait

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Potential Role ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Physiological Function ◽

Regulate Gene Expression ◽

Age Related ◽

Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽

Different Tissues

AbstractAging is an important risk factor for several human diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders, resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors (e.g., diet, smoking, obesity and stress), which, at molecular level, cause changes in gene expression underlying the decline of physiological function. Epigenetics, which include mechanisms regulating gene expression independently of changes to DNA sequence, regulate gene expression by modulating the structure of chromatin or by regulating the binding of transcriptional machinery to DNA. Several studies showed that an impairment of epigenetic mechanisms promotes alteration of gene expression underlying several aging-related diseases. Alteration of these mechanisms is also linked with changes of gene expression that occurs during aging processes of different tissues. In this review, we will outline the potential role of epigenetics in the onset of two age-related pathologies, cancer and cardiovascular diseases.

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Inflammatory Molecular Mediators and Pathways Involved in Vascular Aging and Stroke: A Comprehensive Review

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867328666210901122359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Amro M. Soliman ◽

Srijit Das ◽

Pasuk Mahakkanukrauh

Keyword(s):

Drug Targets ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Potential Role ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Vascular Aging ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Age Related ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies ◽

Potential Drug Targets

: There is an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases with aging and it is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The main cardiovascular pathologies include atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Chronic inflammation is one of the significant contributors to the age-related vascular diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms of the persistent inflammatory conditions occurring in the blood vessels as well as the signaling pathways involved. Herein, we performed an extant search of literature involving PubMed, ISI, WoS and Scopus databases for retrieving all relevant articles with the most recent findings illustrating the potential role of various inflammatory mediators along with their proposed activated pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging. We also highlight the major pathways contributing to age-related vascular disorders. The outlined molecular mechanisms, pathways and mediators of vascular aging represent potential drug targets that can be utilized to inhibit and/or slow the pathogenesis and progression of vascular aging.

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