scholarly journals Similarities and differences between European and American guidelines on the management of blood lipids to reduce cardiovascular risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e1-e5
Author(s):  
Lale Tokgözoğlu ◽  
Manuela Casula ◽  
Angela Pirillo ◽  
Alberico L. Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

scholarly journals Effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review of controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Frank B Hu ◽  
Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽  
Deirdre K Tobias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Control Groups

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Intervention studies suggest that incorporating walnuts into the diet may improve blood lipids without promoting weight gain. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials evaluating the effects of walnut consumption on blood lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors. Design We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed and EMBASE databases (from database inception to January 2018) of clinical trials comparing walnut-enriched diets with control diets. We performed random-effects meta-analyses comparing walnut-enriched and control diets for changes in pre-post intervention in blood lipids (mmol/L), apolipoproteins (mg/dL), body weight (kg), and blood pressure (mm Hg). RESULTS Twenty-six clinical trials with a total of 1059 participants were included. The following weighted mean differences (WMDs) in reductions were obtained for walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups: −6.99 mg/dL (95% CI: −9.39, −4.58 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.25% greater reduction) for total blood cholesterol (TC) and −5.51 mg/dL (95% CI: −7.72, −3.29 mg/dL; P < 0.001) (3.73% greater reduction) for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Triglyceride concentrations were also reduced in walnut-enriched diets compared with control [WMD = −4.69 (95% CI: −8.93, −0.45); P = 0.03; 5.52% greater reduction]. More pronounced reductions in blood lipids were observed when walnut interventions were compared with American and Western diets [WMD for TC = −12.30 (95% CI: −23.17, −1.43) and for LDL = −8.28 (95% CI: −13.04, −3.51); P < 0.001]. Apolipoprotein B (mg/dL) was also reduced significantly more on walnut-enriched diets compared with control groups [WMD = −3.74 (95% CI: −6.51, −0.97); P = 0.008] and a trend towards a reduction was observed for apolipoprotein A [WMD = −2.91 (95% CI: −5.98, 0.08); P = 0.057]. Walnut-enriched diets did not lead to significant differences in weight change (kg) compared with control diets [WMD = −0.12 (95% CI: −2.12, 1.88); P = 0.90], systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.72 (95% CI: −2.75, 1.30); P = 0.48], or diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) [WMD = −0.10 (95% CI: −1.49, 1.30); P = 0.88]. Conclusions Incorporating walnuts into the diet improved blood lipid profile without adversely affecting body weight or blood pressure.

scholarly journals APOE4 is associated with elevated blood lipids and lower levels of innate immune biomarkers in a tropical Amerindian subsistence population

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela R Garcia ◽  
Caleb Finch ◽  
Margaret Gatz ◽  
Thomas Kraft ◽  
Daniel Eid Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Immune Biomarkers ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pathogenic Diversity

In post-industrial settings, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is associated with increased cardiovascular and neurological disease risk. However, the majority of human evolutionary history occurred in environments with higher pathogenic diversity and low cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that in high-pathogen and energy-limited contexts, the APOE4 allele confers benefits by reducing innate inflammation when uninfected, while maintaining higher lipid levels that buffer costs of immune activation during infection. Among Tsimane forager-farmers of Bolivia (N = 1266, 50% female), APOE4 is associated with 30% lower C-reactive protein, and higher total cholesterol and oxidized LDL. Blood lipids were either not associated, or negatively associated with inflammatory biomarkers, except for associations of oxidized LDL and inflammation which were limited to obese adults. Further, APOE4 carriers maintain higher levels of total and LDL cholesterol at low body mass indices (BMIs). These results suggest that the relationship between APOE4 and lipids may be beneficial for pathogen-driven immune responses and unlikely to increase cardiovascular risk in an active subsistence population.

scholarly journals Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk assessments using China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts in Chinese participants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Lan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Du ◽  
Jin Xu ◽  
Qun-yan Xiang ◽  
Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Kappa Statistic ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Charts ◽  
Ascvd Risk ◽  
Risk Estimator ◽  
Score Risk

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that non-fasting lipids have similar values in cardiovascular risk estimation as fasting, but it is not clear whether this could also be applicable to Chinese participants.Methods A total of 127 (76 men, 51 women) participants without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) were enrolled in the study. Serum levels of blood lipids were monitored at 0 h, 2 h and 4 h after a daily breakfast. Ten-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk was estimated with China ASCVD risk estimator and Europe SCORE risk charts. Kappa statistic was used to determine agreement among estimators.Results there was substantial agreement between China ASCVD risk estimator based on fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles (Kappa = 0.731 or 0.718, P < 0.001), but poorly agreement between China ASCVD risk estimator and SCORE low- or high-risk chart (Kappa = 0.339 or 0.300, P < 0.001).Conclusions Promoting use of non-fasting blood lipids in diagnosis, evaluation, and prediction of CVD are feasible. Furthermore, non-fasting blood lipids could be used in China ASCVD risk estimator to evaluate assess 10-year risk of ASCVD among Chinese general participants.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Fermented Soy-Based Dietary Food Product on Blood Lipids in Individuals at High Risk for Cardiovascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 409-409
Author(s):  
Sarah Jung ◽  
Rawiwan Sirirat ◽  
Alice Kim ◽  
Rita Amen ◽  
Amandeep Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Soy Powder ◽  
Rice Powder

Abstract Objectives Previous reports indicate that intake of some soy products may be associated with improvements in blood lipids but few studies examined fermented soy foods. Q CAN PLUS® is a functional food product derived from fermented soybeans. To evaluate the effects of fermented soy on cardiovascular risk factors, we implemented a clinical trial to compare the effects of the fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS®) against a placebo (sprouted brown rice powder) in individuals at risk for cardiovascular diseases. Methods Twenty-seven adults at risk for cardiovascular diseases (29–75 years old; 78% female; mean BMI [32.3 kg/m2 ± 7.3]) were randomized to consume either 2 pouches (12–15 g powder/pouch) per day of fermented soy powder (Q CAN PLUS®), or a sprouted brown rice powder for 12 weeks each, in a crossover design trial. The intervention phases were separated by a two week wash out period. Measurements and biospecimens were taken at baseline and at weeks 11 and 12 of each phase. Assessment included blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose, blood insulin, and anthropometric measures. For each of the outcomes, a mixed model was fitted to compare changes from pre- to post-treatment and between treatments. The models included treatment, time, interaction between treatment and time, phase, visit within phase and enrollment period as fixed effects terms and subjects as random effects terms. Results Between treatment results from the mixed model analysis show that fermented soy powder intake significantly reduced serum cholesterol (mean change −8.95 mg/dL; P = 0.0024), LDL (mean change −6.96 mg/dL; P = 0.0317), and HDL (−1.29 mg/dL; P = 0.0036) compared with the sprouted brown rice powder. Within treatment results indicated that fermented soy powder significantly reduced total cholesterol (P = 0.0073) and LDL (P = 0.0132), while reductions in HDL were not statistically significant. Within treatment results were not statistically different for the placebo phase except for an increase in HDL (mean change 3.61; P = 0.0026). Conclusions These data indicate that regular intake of fermented soy powder results in a reduction in serum total and LDL cholesterol which may have beneficial implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Funding Sources BESO Biological Research Inc. Diamond Bar, CA, USA.

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