Exploration of PM mass, source, and component-related factors that might explain heterogeneity in daily PM2.5-mortality associations across the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 118650
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Rappazzo ◽  
Lisa Baxter ◽  
Jason D. Sacks ◽  
Breanna L. Alman ◽  
Geoffrey Colin L Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mass Source ◽  
Related Factors

Abstract 180: What is the Potential Capacity for Increasing Cardiac Rehabilitation Utilization in the United States?

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quinn R Pack ◽  
Ray W Squires ◽  
Steven W Lichtman ◽  
Francisco Lopez-Jimenez ◽  
Juan Pablo Rodriguez-Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽  
Program Directors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
Program Capacity

Introduction: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective but highly underutilized therapy for heart disease. Efforts are underway to increase CR referral and enrollment, but little is known about the potential capacity for growth in CR utilization in the United States. To address this concern, we estimated the current national capacity of CR programs across the United States and assessed obstacles to potential growth. Methods: We surveyed all CR Program Directors listed in the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) database in November of 2012. Respondents reported current enrollment levels, current program capacity, program capacity given reasonable expansion, and obstacles to growth. Results: Of 812 Program Directors in the AACVPR database, 290 (36%) completed the full survey. Respondents represented somewhat larger programs compared to non-respondents (4.0 vs. 4.6 full time employees, p = 0.01), but were otherwise similar. Current enrollment levels demonstrated a median [IQ range] of 140 [75,232] patients per year and a current estimated capacity of 192 [100,300] patient per year. Respondents estimated that programs could expand services by 25% to 240 [141,380] patients annually, assuming a significant increase in patient demand and a feasible increase in resources. We estimate that if programs filled to their current capacity, national CR utilization rates would increase from 34.7% to 46.4% (95% CI, 43.9 to 48.9) of eligible US patients each year. Given feasible program expansion, utilization could increase to a maximum of 58.4% (95% CI, 55.2 to 61.6) of qualifying patients. Capacity projections based upon absolute patient numbers and national statistics revealed concordant results. The most commonly cited obstacles to increasing patient participation are shown in the figure. As seen, the majority (88%) are controllable system-related factors unrelated to patient behavior. Conclusions: Even with substantial expansion of all existing CR programs, there is currently insufficient capacity in current CR programs to meet national service needs. Solutions to this problem will likely include the creation of new CR programs, and new policies that improve reimbursement for CR and also embrace new models of CR delivery.

Teaching Controversial Issues

2022 ◽  
pp. 252-272
Author(s):  
William Paul Bintz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Instructional Strategies ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Way

This chapter describes recent research findings on homelessness in the United States and its relationship to poverty and other related factors. It also provides an introduction to text clusters, a curricular resource that includes high-quality and award-winning picture books and is anchored in the Way-In and Stay-In books. It continues by presenting a text cluster on the topic of homelessness, along with a variety of research-based instructional strategies that K-8 teachers can use with this text cluster, as well as with other text clusters on controversial issues. It ends with some final thoughts.

The Hare and the Tortoise Revisited: The New Politics of Consumer and Environmental Regulation in Europe

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID VOGEL
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
The 1960S

There has been an important shift in the pattern of divergence between consumer and environmental protection policies in Europe and the United States. From the 1960s through the mid 1980s American regulatory standards tended to be more stringent, comprehensive and innovative than in either individual European countries or in the European Union (EU). However, since around 1990 the obverse has been true; many important EU consumer and environmental regulations are now more precautionary than their American counterparts.The ‘new’ politics of consumer and environmental regulation in Europe are attributable to three inter-related factors: a series of regulatory failures within Europe, broader and stronger political support for more stringent and comprehensive regulatory standards within Europe and the growth in the regulatory competence of the European Union.In many respects, European regulatory politics and policies since the 1990s resemble those of the United States during the 1970s. Thus health, safety and environmental politics and policies in the United States are no longer as distinctive as many scholars have portrayed them.

Predictors of Depression Among Adult Women With Diabetes in the United States

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiela M. Strauss ◽  
Mary T. Rosedale ◽  
David M. Rindskopf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Female Specific ◽  
Predictors Of Depression ◽  
Diabetes Educators

Purpose The purpose of the study was to identify the sex-specific characteristics that predict depression among adult women with diabetes. Methods Data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States were used to identify the predictors of depression in a large sample of women ages 20 years and older with diabetes (n = 946). Results When extrapolated to almost 9 million women in the United States ≥ 20 years of age with diabetes, 19.0% had depression. Female-specific significant predictors of depression included younger age (< 65 years old), less than high school graduation, self-rated fair or poor health, inactivity due to poor health, and pain that interferes with usual activities. Marital status and diabetes-related factors (years living with diabetes, use of insulin, parent or sibling with diabetes) were not significant predictors of depression in adult women with diabetes. Conclusion When educating and counseling women with diabetes, diabetes educators should be aware that some of the predictors of depression in women with diabetes differ from those of populations that include both sexes. Depression screening, although important for all women with diabetes, should especially be performed among women with female-specific depression predictors.

scholarly journals 884. Title: Factors Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression Among Women Living with HIV in the United States: An Integrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S533-S534
Author(s):  
Titilola Labisi ◽  
Nada Fadul ◽  
Jason Coleman ◽  
Anthony Podany ◽  
Keyonna King
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Common Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Women account for 19% of new HIV cases in the United States (US). Transgender women are 49 times more likely than other groups to be diagnosed with HIV. HIV is one of the top ten causes of death among women between 25 to 44 years. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and consequent viral suppression (VS) are keys to preventing sexual transmission, risk of drug resistance, and improving health outcomes. Hence, it is essential to identify factors behind VS in women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods This review identified and synthesized peer-reviewed studies describing reasons for lack of VS among WLWH in the US. : Using the PRISMA model, we searched CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO, then selected US studies published from 2010 to April 2021. Studies that included men, non-adults, ongoing studies, and foreign studies were excluded. 1,359 studies were assessed and screened for duplicate and eligibility. PRISMA Model Results 15 studies were eligible for review; 8 included all WLWH, 5 focused on pregnant WLWH, 1 included only African American WLWH and 1 included only transgender WLWH. Based on study participants and findings, results were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancy-related factors: Early ART initiation and group prenatal care improved care retention and VS. WLWH in cities were more likely to be virally suppressed at delivery than those in rural regions. Intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with poor ART adherence and time to achieve stable VS. Also, being postpartum was associated with high viral load regardless of ART. Non-pregnancy-related factors: The most reported common factors were substance use and IPV. Other factors included social determinants of health, age, race, health insurance, income, number of pills, and regimen. Transgender-specific factors were stress, race, age, relationship, transphobic experiences, gender satisfaction, and adherence to hormone therapy. Conclusion Substance use, income, mental health, health insurance, race, and ART regimen were the most common factors associated with VS in WLWH. There was paucity of data on transgender-specific VS factors. More research is needed to explore VS and treatment adherence amongWLWH, especially transgender women. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Exploring the Association Between Electronic Wearable Device Use and Levels of Physical Activity Among Individuals With Depression and Anxiety: A Population Level Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Onyeaka ◽  
Joe Firth ◽  
Valentine Enemuo ◽  
Chioma Muoghalu ◽  
John Naslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the cross-sectional association between self-reported use of electronic wearable devices (EWDs) and the levels of physical activity among a representative sample of adults with depression and anxiety in the United States.Methods: For this cross-sectional study, data were pooled from the Health Information National Trends Survey 2019. A sample of 1,139 adults with self-reported depression and anxiety (60.9% women; mean age of 52.5 years) was analyzed. The levels of physical activity and prevalence of EWD utilization were self-reported. The chi-square tests were used to compare individual characteristics through the use of EWDs. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between EWDs and physical activity levels while adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors.Results: From the 1,139 adults with self-reported depression and anxiety, 261 (weighted percentage 28.1%) endorsed using EWD in the last year. After adjusting for covariates, the use of EWDs was only significantly associated with a higher odds of reporting intention to lose weight (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.04, 4.35; p = 0.04). We found no association between the use of EWDs and meeting the national weekly recommendation for physical activity or resistance/strength exercise training.Conclusion: About three in 10 adults suffering from depression and anxiety in the United States reported using EWDs in the last year. The current study findings indicate that among people living with mental illness, EWD use is associated with higher odds of weight loss intent suggesting that EWDs may serve as an opening for the clinical interactions around physical health through identifying patients primed for behavior change. Further large-scale studies using randomized trial designs are needed to examine the causal relationships between EWDs and the physical activity of people with mental health conditions.

Quantitative causal analysis of mainline passenger train accidents in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen-Yu Lin ◽  
Mohd Rapik Saat ◽  
Christopher PL Barkan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Passenger Train ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Accident Rates ◽  
Major Factors

The need for shared freight and passenger rail corridors in the United States is increasing due to the growing demand for regional and intercity passenger transport. Several researches have been conducted on reducing the risk of freight train accidents, but little research has been done on the risk of passenger train accidents. The accident rates of passenger trains have declined in the past two decades; however, faster and more frequent passenger train services require even higher safety standards, and therefore further reduction to the risk of passenger train accidents is needed. The research presented in this paper analyzed the passenger train accidents in the United States using the Federal Railroad Administration train accident database to understand the trend of passenger train accident rates, the frequency and severity of different types of accidents, and to explore the major factors that cause them. Derailments and collisions were identified as the most significant types of passenger train accidents, and track failures and human factors, respectively, were the primary causes of those accidents. Accidents caused due to human factors and train operations such as train speed violations and failure to obey signals are often high-consequence accidents and therefore pose the greatest risk. Higher risk infrastructure-related factors include track geometry defects and broken rails or welds. This study on passenger train accidents provides a solid foundation for further research on improving the safety of passenger rail and shared-use rail corridors.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Symptoms among Stone, Sand and Gravel Mine Workers and Associations with Sociodemographic and Job-Related Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrazak O. Balogun ◽  
Todd D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gravel Mining ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Stone, sand and gravel mining (SSGM) constitutes the vast majority of mining operations in the United States. Despite musculoskeletal disorders being one of the most common occupational health problems across several industries, limited research has examined the extent of reported musculoskeletal symptoms or disorders among actively employed SSGM workers. To address this knowledge gap, cross sectional data were collected from 459 SSGM workers in the Midwestern United States to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Sociodemographic and job-related factors were examined to identify possible risk factors in SSGM. Musculoskeletal symptoms of the low back (57%), neck (38%), shoulder (38%) and knee (39%) were highly prevalent among SSGM employees. The results, among other findings, showed that working more than 60 h a week increased the likelihood of musculoskeletal symptoms at the low back (OR: 4.7 95% CI: 1.9–11.5), neck (OR: 5.1, 95% CI: 2.2–11.8) and knee (OR: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.0–10.3). Working as a mechanic/maintenance worker increased the likelihood of low back (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.2) and knee (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6) musculoskeletal symptoms. Intervention measures aimed at improving ergonomic hazard identification for various job tasks as well as administrative controls limiting hours worked may help reduce the burden of musculoskeletal problems in the SSGM industry.

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