Association of plasma epinephrine level with insulin sensitivity in metabolically healthy but obese individuals

2012 ◽  
Vol 167 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Ping Dai ◽  
Zhao-Qian Liu ◽  
Lin-Yong Xu ◽  
Zhi-Cheng Gong ◽  
Qiong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Epinephrine Level ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

scholarly journals Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Metabolically Healthy Obesity: Role of Insulin Sensitivity

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Vinciguerra ◽  
Andrea Tumminia ◽  
Roberto Baratta ◽  
Alfredo Ferro ◽  
Salvatore Alaimo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity represents a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, but some individuals, “metabolically healthy” (MHO), show less clinical evidence of these complications, in contrast to “metabolically unhealthy” (MUO) individuals. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to assess the prevalence of the MHO phenotype in a cohort of 246 overweight/obese Italian children and adolescents, and to evaluate their characteristics and the role of insulin resistance. Homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), insulinogenic index (IGI) and disposition index (DI) were all calculated from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). MHO was defined by either: (1) HOMA-IR < 2.5 (MHO-IRes), or (2) absence of the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MHO-MetS). The MHO prevalence, according to MHO-MetS or MHO-IRes criteria, was 37.4% and 15.8%, respectively. ISI was the strongest predictor of the MHO phenotype, independently associated with both MHO-IRes and MHO-MetS. The MHO-MetS group was further subdivided into insulin sensitive or insulin resistant on the basis of HOMA-IR (either < or ≥ 2.5). Insulin sensitive MHO-MetS patients had a better metabolic profile compared to both insulin resistant MHO-MetS and MUO-MetS individuals. These data underscore the relevance of insulin sensitivity to identifying, among young individuals with overweight/obesity, the ones who have a more favorable metabolic phenotype.

Women at altitude: short-term exposure to hypoxia and/or α1-adrenergic blockade reduces insulin sensitivity

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Braun ◽  
Paul B. Rock ◽  
Stacy Zamudio ◽  
Gene E. Wolfel ◽  
Robert S. Mazzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Adrenergic Antagonist

After short-term exposure to high altitude (HA), men appear to be less sensitive to insulin than at sea level (SL). We hypothesized that the same would be true in women, that reduced insulin sensitivity would be directly related to the rise in plasma epinephrine concentrations at altitude, and that the addition of α-adrenergic blockade would potentiate the reduction. To test the hypotheses, 12 women consumed a high-carbohydrate meal at SL and after 16 h at simulated 4,300-m elevation (HA). Subjects were studied twice at each elevation: once with prazosin (Prz), an α1-adrenergic antagonist, and once with placebo (Pla). Mathematical models were used to assess insulin resistance based on fasting [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] and postprandial [composite model insulin sensitivity index (C-ISI)] glucose and insulin concentrations. Relative to SL-Pla (HOMA-IR: 1.86 ± 0.35), insulin resistance was greater in HA-Pla (3.00 ± 0.45; P < 0.05), SL-Prz (3.46 ± 0.51; P < 0.01), and HA-Prz (2.82 ± 0.43; P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity was reduced in HA-Pla (C-ISI: 4.41 ± 1.03; P < 0.01), SL-Prz (5.73 ± 1.01; P < 0.05), and HA-Prz (4.18 ± 0.99; P < 0.01) relative to SL-Pla (8.02 ± 0.92). Plasma epinephrine was significantly elevated in HA-Pla (0.57 ± 0.08 ng/ml; P < 0.01), SL-Prz (0.42 ± 0.07; P < 0.05), and HA-Prz (0.82 ± 0.07; P < 0.01) relative to SL-Pla (0.28 ± 0.04), but correlations with HOMA-IR, HOMA-β-cell function, and C-ISI were weak. In women, short-term exposure to simulated HA reduced insulin sensitivity compared with SL. The change does not appear to be directly mediated by a concurrent rise in plasma epinephrine concentrations.

scholarly journals Hepatic Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Overexpression Improves Systemic Insulin Sensitivity in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britta Noebauer ◽  
Alexander Jais ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Klaus Gossens ◽  
Hedwig Sutterlüty-Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity is a major risk factor for several diseases including diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer and due to its rapidly increasing prevalence it has become one of the biggest problems medicine is facing today. All the more surprising, a substantial percentage of obese patients are metabolically healthy when classified based on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Oxysterols are naturally occurring molecules that play important role in various metabolic and inflammatory processes and their levels are elevated in patients suffering from obesity and diabetes. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) is produced in cells from cholesterol by the enzyme cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) and is involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, and cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the role of hepatic Ch25h in the transition from metabolically healthy obesity to insulin resistance and diabetes. Using several different experimental approaches, we demonstrated the significance of Ch25h on the border of “healthy” and “diseased” states of obesity. Adenovirus-mediated Ch25h overexpression in mice improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and lowered HOMA-IR. Our data suggest that low hepatic Ch25h levels could be considered a risk marker for unhealthy obesity.

Preserved insulin sensitivity predicts metabolically healthy obese phenotype in children and adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 174 (12) ◽  
pp. 1649-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade Vukovic ◽  
Tatjana Milenkovic ◽  
Katarina Mitrovic ◽  
Sladjana Todorovic ◽  
Ljiljana Plavsic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Obese Phenotype

scholarly journals T cell phenotypes associated with insulin resistance: Results from the Berlin Aging Study II

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Sbierski-Kind ◽  
David Goldeck ◽  
Nikolaus Buchmann ◽  
Joachim Spranger ◽  
Hans-Dieter Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiparameter Flow Cytometry ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Abstract Background Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation leading to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but a subset of obese individuals is considered insulin sensitive (IS) and metabolically healthy. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms remain elusive and clinical studies on the relationship between inflammatory markers and metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) are scarce. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis, we included a sample of 437 older participants (60-84 years) from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated, immune cell subsets were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry and systemic cytokine levels were measured. Immune cell parameters were correlated with metabolic measures and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted and adjusted for various demographic and clinical factors. Results We found that frequencies of naïve and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells inversely correlated with measures for insulin sensitivity in the older population. Moreover, the percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher, whereas activated T cells and IL-6 levels were lower in IS compared to insulin resistant (IR) obese individuals. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were predictive for impaired insulin sensitivity (ß=0.16, p=0.01 and ß=0.11, p=0.04), and the association of naïve CD4+ T cells with insulin sensitivity persisted after multivariate adjustment (ß=0.14, p=0.02). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that parameters of systemic inflammation can differentiate IS from IR obese individuals that are at higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases and may have clinical implications with regard to obesity treatment stratification. Trial registration: DRKS00009277. Registered 31 August 2015 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.base2.mpg.de/de

scholarly journals Different Patterns of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Metabolically Healthy and Insulin-Resistant Obese Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Sciacqua ◽  
Antonio Cimellaro ◽  
Luana Mancuso ◽  
Sofia Miceli ◽  
Velia Cassano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obese subjects showed different cardiovascular risk depending by different insulin sensitivity status. We investigated the difference in left ventricular mass and geometry between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUHO) obese subjects. From a cohort of 876 obese subjects (48.3 ± 14.1 years) without cardio-metabolic disease and stratified according to increasing values of Matsuda index after 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, we defined MHO (n = 292) those in the upper tertile and MUHO (n = 292) those in the lower tertile. All participants underwent echocardiographic measurements. Left ventricular mass was calculated by Devereux equation and normalized by height2,7 and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was defined by values >44 g/m2.7 for females and >48 g/m2.7 for males. Left ventricular geometric pattern was defined as concentric or eccentric if relative wall thickness was higher or lower than 0.42, respectively. MHO developed more commonly a concentric remodeling (19.9 vs. 9.9%; p = 0.001) and had a reduced risk for LVH (OR 0.46; p < 0.0001) than MUHO, in which the eccentric type was more prevalent (40.4 vs. 5.1%; p < 0.0001). We demonstrated that obese subjects—matched for age, gender and BMI—have different left ventricular mass and geometry due to different insulin sensitivity status, suggesting that diverse metabolic phenotypes lead to alternative myocardial adaptation.

scholarly journals Metabolically healthy obesity: what's in a name?

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faidon Magkos
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT Metabolically healthy obesity refers to an obesity phenotype with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction. Lower liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue, greater insulin sensitivity and secretion, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, and a predominantly lower body (i.e., leg) fat deposition are key physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype. About 35% of all subjects with obesity are metabolically healthy. These individuals have approximately half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with metabolically unhealthy subjects with obesity, but they still have a significantly greater risk (by 50–300%) compared with metabolically healthy lean subjects. Therefore, absence of metabolic risk factors in people with obesity should not be a contraindication for weight-loss treatment. Metabolically healthy obesity needs to be treated, and this need is reinforced by the fact that this phenotype is not stable over time, as ∼50% of these subjects will cease being metabolically healthy within ∼10 y. Intervening early is therefore important. Weight loss dose-dependently decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content, and it improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (i.e., it beneficially affects many of the physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype); however, weight loss is very difficult to maintain. This typically results in disappointment among patients and hinders adherence, which is likely critical for the limited success of most weight-loss treatments in the long term. On the other hand, using ≥1 metabolic health targets in a non-weight-loss-centered treatment paradigm that includes prudent dietary changes and increased physical activity can serve as an appropriate first goal that can help motivate patients toward the long-term goals of obesity treatment.

Plasma Catecholamine Response in Trained Rats Following Hemorrhage

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 481-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Trudeau ◽  
Martin Milot
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Lower Heart Rate ◽  
Epinephrine Level ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Epinephrine Concentration

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of physical training on hemorrhage-induced catecholamine release in rats. The training program consisted of swimming 5 days a week, from 15 min in the first week to 2.5 hours in the 14th week. The rats were divided into four groups. Two groups (one trained and the other untrained) were studied during hemorrhage. The third and fourth groups (one trained and the other untrained) were not subjected to hemorrhage. After 14 weeks, trained rats had a lower heart rate than untrained animals at rest (311.86 ± 8.9 vs. 361.33 ± 12.13 bpm, p <.002) for a similar body weight. The trained and untrained groups had the same blood pressure, hematocrit, and norepinephrine responses following hemorrhage. However, plasma epinephrine concentration was lower in the trained rats 15 and 25 min following hemorrhage. These results suggest a decrease of the hemorrhage-induced epinephrine secretion in trained rats. An alteration of the relationship of arterial baroreflexes and of their hormonal effectors is a potential mechanism for the reduced plasma epinephrine level in trained hemorrhaged rats. Key words: epinephrine, norepinephrine, hypotension, physical training

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