The long-term effects of cocaine use on cognitive functioning: A systematic critical review

2018 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten M. Frazer ◽  
Qwynten Richards ◽  
Diana R. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cocaine Use

scholarly journals Long-term effects of intracranial islet grafting on cognitive functioning in a rat metabolic model of sporadic Alzheimer's disease-like dementia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. e0227879
Author(s):  
Konstantin Bloch ◽  
Shay Henry Hornfeld ◽  
Shira Dar ◽  
Alexey Vanichkin ◽  
Irit Gil-Ad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Sporadic Alzheimer’S Disease

scholarly journals Infants of Mothers with Cocaine Use: Review of Clinical and Medico-Legal Aspects

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Clara Cestonaro ◽  
Lorenzo Menozzi ◽  
Claudio Terranova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Cocaine Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Current State ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Amount

Illicit drug use is a global problem that also affects pregnant women. Substance use and alcohol abuse during pregnancy may have various harmful consequences for both mothers and foetuses. Intrauterine exposure to illicit substances can be investigated through maternal reports and toxicological tests on mothers’ and/or newborns’ samples. While the negative effects of alcohol and opioid use on pregnancy, the foetus, and/or newborn are well established, the effects of cocaine use remain controversial. We performed a review of the literature to evaluate the current state of knowledge of the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure on newborns’ and children’s long-term development and to highlight possible implications for health professionals dealing with women who use cocaine during pregnancy. Although intrauterine cocaine exposure has been associated with reduced infant measurements, no specific amount of cocaine use exerting such effects has been determined, and no long-term effects have been confirmed. The evidence of cocaine use during pregnancy justifies a clinical and social takeover of the mother and newborn without assuming that there will certainly be long-term damage related to intrauterine cocaine exposure, but also considering other possible associated factors.

Citicoline in the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Blood Relatives of Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Course Therapy

Psychiatry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
N. D. Seleznеva ◽  
I. F. Roshchina ◽  
E. V. Ponomareva ◽  
S. Iv. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Voluntary Attention

The aim was to study immediate and long-term (post-therapeutic) effects of a three-month course of therapy with citicoline in 1st-degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). All the included relatives of patients with AD revealed signs of minimal cognitive dysfunction (MCD) and mild cognitive decline syndrome (MCI — Mild Cognitive Impairment, ICD-10 code F06.7). Study participants: the study involved 90 first-degree relatives: 24 with MCI and 66 with MCD. Study design: an open-label comparative multidisciplinary study of the six-month dynamics of cognitive functioning of two groups of relatives who received a three-month course of citicoline therapy. The baseline indicators of the cognitive functioning of relatives with MCI syndrome and MKD were compared with the indicators at the end of the three-month course of therapy with citicoline at a daily dose of 1000 mg as well as 3 months after the end of the course of treatment. Methods: clinical, psychopathological, neuropsychological, psychometric, genetic, statistical ones. Results: а significant positive effect of the course therapy with citicoline on the cognitive impairment of 1st degree AD-patients’ relatives with minimal cognitive dysfunction and more pronounced cognitive impairments met the diagnostic criteria for MCI syndrome has been found. A significantly greater value of both immediate and long-term therapeutic effect of MKD compared with MCI in relatives was established by psychometric and neuropsychological indicators characterizing voluntary memorization of verbal and visual stimuli, optical and spatial activity, voluntary attention, and associative verbal thinking. Conclusion: the results of the study can be used as the basis for a model of prevention of the progression of cognitive deficit and the development of dementia in persons with a high risk of developing AD, i.e. in individuals with both genetic risk and signs of cognitive impairment.

Acute and Long-Term Effects of Drug Use on Aggression from Adolescence into Adulthood

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Raskin White ◽  
Stephen Hansell
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
The Relationship

Four waves of longitudinal data were used to examine the relationship between the use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine and aggression from early adolescence into adulthood. The prevalence of fighting while using drugs (i.e., acute effects) was higher for alcohol than for marijuana and cocaine. A series of nested structural equation models examined the cross-sectional and long-term longitudinal interrelationships between each type of drug use and aggressive behavior. While alcohol use was not significantly related to later aggressive behavior at any age, both marijuana and cocaine use were significantly related to later aggression. In contrast, aggressive behavior did not significantly predict later alcohol, marijuana, or cocaine use. Overall, these data suggest that the long-term as well as acute relationships between aggression and drug use vary by drug type and stage of the life cycle.

Immediate and long-term effects of bilateral electroconvulsive therapy on cognitive functioning in patients with a depressive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper O. Nuninga ◽  
Thomas F.I. Claessens ◽  
Metten Somers ◽  
René Mandl ◽  
Wendy Nieuwdorp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Electroconvulsive Therapy ◽  
Long Term Effects

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
D.E. Loudy ◽  
J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽  
J.T. Yarrington ◽  
F.Y. Thompson ◽  
J.P. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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