αCGRP and βCGRP transcript amount in mouse tissues of various developmental stages and their tissue expression sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdol Hossein Rezaeian ◽  
Taeko Isokane ◽  
Masahide Nishibori ◽  
Mitsuru Chiba ◽  
Noriko Hiraiwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Transcript Amount

scholarly journals An atlas of dynamic chromatin landscapes in mouse fetal development

Nature ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 583 (7818) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
David U. Gorkin ◽  
Iros Barozzi ◽  
Yuan Zhao ◽  
Yanxiao Zhang ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Chromatin State ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Mouse Fetus ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Genomic Resource

AbstractThe Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has established a genomic resource for mammalian development, profiling a diverse panel of mouse tissues at 8 developmental stages from 10.5 days after conception until birth, including transcriptomes, methylomes and chromatin states. Here we systematically examined the state and accessibility of chromatin in the developing mouse fetus. In total we performed 1,128 chromatin immunoprecipitation with sequencing (ChIP–seq) assays for histone modifications and 132 assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC–seq) assays for chromatin accessibility across 72 distinct tissue-stages. We used integrative analysis to develop a unified set of chromatin state annotations, infer the identities of dynamic enhancers and key transcriptional regulators, and characterize the relationship between chromatin state and accessibility during developmental gene regulation. We also leveraged these data to link enhancers to putative target genes and demonstrate tissue-specific enrichments of sequence variants associated with disease in humans. The mouse ENCODE data sets provide a compendium of resources for biomedical researchers and achieve, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive view of chromatin dynamics during mammalian fetal development to date.

UT-B1 urea transporter is expressed along the urinary and gastrointestinal tracts of the mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. R1046-R1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lucien ◽  
P. Bruneval ◽  
F. Lasbennes ◽  
M.-F. Belair ◽  
C. Mandet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Northern Blotting ◽  
Urea Transporter ◽  
Kidney Medulla ◽  
Vasa Recta ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Umbrella Cells

Selective transporters account for rapid urea transport across plasma membranes of several cell types. UT-B1 urea transporter is widely distributed in rat and human tissues. Because mice exhibit high urea turnover and are the preferred species for gene engineering, we have delineated UT-B1 tissue expression in murine tissues. A cDNA was cloned from BALB/c mouse kidney, encoding a polypeptide that differed from C57BL/6 mouse UT-B1 by one residue (Val-8-Ala). UT-B1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in brain, kidney, bladder, testis, lung, spleen, and digestive tract (liver, stomach, jejunum, colon). Northern blotting revealed seven UT-B1 transcripts in mouse tissues. Immunoblots identified a nonglycosylated UT-B1 protein of 29 kDa in most tissues and of 36 and 32 kDa in testis and liver, respectively. UT-B1 protein of gastrointestinal tract did not undergo N-glycosylation. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization localized UT-B1 in urinary tract urothelium (papillary surface, ureter, bladder, and urethra), prominently on plasma membranes and restricted to the basolateral area in umbrella cells. UT-B1 was found in endothelial cells of descending vasa recta in kidney medulla and in astrocyte processes in brain. Dehydration induced by water deprivation for 2 days caused a tissue-specific decrease in UT-B1 abundance in the urinary bladder and the ureter.

scholarly journals Expression of the Ghrelin Axis in the Mouse: An Exon 4-Deleted Mouse Proghrelin Variant Encodes a Novel C Terminal Peptide

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Jeffery ◽  
R. P. Duncan ◽  
A. H. Yeh ◽  
R. A. Jaskolski ◽  
D. S. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Amino Acid Peptide ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Mrna Variant ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ghrelin Gene ◽  
Exon 4

Ghrelin, an n-octanoylated 28-amino-acid peptide capable of inducing GH secretion and food intake in humans and rats, is the endogenous ligand for the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Here we describe the expression and tissue distribution of the ghrelin/GHS-R axis in the mouse. We also report for the first time the identification of a novel mouse ghrelin mRNA variant in which there is a complete deletion of exon 4. Translation of this variant mRNA yields a protein containing ghrelin and an alternative C-terminal domain with a unique C-terminal peptide sequence. RT-PCR with primers specific for mouse ghrelin was used to demonstrate the mRNA expression of the full preproghrelin transcript and the exon 4-deleted variant in multiple mouse tissues. Real-time PCR was also employed to quantitate mRNA expression of ghrelin, the novel isoform and a previously reported ghrelin gene variant, ghrelin gene-derived transcript. We also demonstrated the tissue expression of the functional GHS-R in the mouse. Immunohistochemistry, employing antibodies raised against the mature human n-octanoylated ghrelin peptide and the putative C-terminal peptide encoded by the exon 4-deleted proghrelin variant, was used to demonstrate protein expression of ghrelin and the variant in multiple mouse tissues including stomach, kidney, and reproductive tissues. The coexpression of ghrelin and its receptor in a wide range of murine tissues suggests varied autocrine/paracrine roles for these peptides. Exon 4-deleted proghrelin, a novel mouse proghrelin isoform with a unique C-terminal peptide sequence, is also widely expressed in the mouse and thus may possess biological activity in these tissues.

scholarly journals MicroRNA-1 Expression and Function in Hyalomma Anatolicum anatolicum (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Luo ◽  
Qiaoyun Ren ◽  
Wenge Liu ◽  
Xiaofei Qiu ◽  
Gaofeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Gene Selection ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Hyalomma Anatolicum Anatolicum ◽  
Significant Difference

MicroRNAs act as mRNA post-transcriptional regulators, playing important roles in cell differentiation, transcriptional regulation, growth, and development. In this study, microRNA expression profiles of Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks at different developmental stages were detected by high-throughput sequencing and functionally assessed. In total, 2,585,169, 1,252,678, 1,558,217, and 1,155,283 unique reads were obtained from eggs, larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively, with 42, 46, 45, and 41 conserved microRNAs in these stages, respectively. Using eggs as a control, 48, 43, and 39 microRNAs were upregulated, and 3, 10, and 9 were downregulated in larvae, nymphs, and adults, respectively. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) was expressed in high abundance throughout Ha. anatolicum development, with an average of nearly one million transcripts, and it is highly conserved among tick species. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) showed that miR-1 expression gradually increased with tick development, reaching the highest level at engorgement. Differential tissue expression was detected, with significantly higher levels in the salivary glands and epidermis than in the midgut. Inhibition assays showed no significant change in body weight or spawning time or amount between experimental and control groups, but there was a significant difference (p < 0.01) in engorgement time. With miR-1 inhibition, ticks displayed obvious deformities during later development. To more fully explain the microRNA mechanism of action, the miR-1 cluster was analyzed according to the target gene; members that jointly act on Hsp60 include miR-5, miR-994, miR-969, and miR-1011. Therefore, microRNAs are critical for normal tick development, and the primary structure of the mature sequence of miR-1 is highly conserved. Nonetheless, different developmental stages and tissues show different expression patterns, with a certain role in prolonging feeding. miR-1, together with other cluster members, regulates mRNA function and may be used as a molecular marker for species origin, evolution analysis, and internal reference gene selection.

scholarly journals Systematic mapping of chromatin state landscapes during mouse development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David U. Gorkin ◽  
Iros Barozzi ◽  
Yanxiao Zhang ◽  
Ah Young Lee ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Chromatin State ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Chromatin States ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Core Components

SUMMARYEmbryogenesis requires epigenetic information that allows each cell to respond appropriately to developmental cues. Histone modifications are core components of a cell’s epigenome, giving rise to chromatin states that modulate genome function. Here, we systematically profile histone modifications in a diverse panel of mouse tissues at 8 developmental stages from 10.5 days post conception until birth, performing a total of 1,128 ChIP-seq assays across 72 distinct tissue-stages. We combine these histone modification profiles into a unified set of chromatin state annotations, and track their activity across developmental time and space. Through integrative analysis we identify dynamic enhancers, reveal key transcriptional regulators, and characterize the role of chromatin-based repression in developmental gene regulation. We also leverage these data to link enhancers to putative target genes, revealing connections between coding and non-coding sequence variation in disease etiology. Our study provides a compendium of resources for biomedical researchers, and achieves the most comprehensive view of embryonic chromatin states to date.

scholarly journals Oestrogen receptor knockout mice: roles for oestrogen receptors alpha and beta in reproductive tissues

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Hewitt ◽  
KS Korach
Keyword(s):  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor Alpha ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Oestrogen is an essential component of female reproduction, with well-characterized functions in the uterus, ovaries, mammary gland and hypothalamic-pituitary axis. The mechanism of oestrogen action involves mediation of the rate of transcription by nuclear-localized oestrogen receptor molecules. Two oestrogen receptors are present in mouse tissues, oestrogen receptors alpha and beta. Each receptor exhibits differential tissue expression patterns. Mouse models with genetically engineered disruption or 'knockout' of the oestrogen receptors have been developed. Characterization of the resulting defects in reproductive tissues as well as alterations in physiological and genomic responses has given insight into the receptor-mediated effects of oestrogen in reproduction. Oestrogen receptor alpha knockout females are infertile because they are anovulatory, have disruption in LH regulation and have uteri that are insensitive to oestrogen. In contrast, oestrogen receptor beta knockout females are sub-fertile and primarily lack efficient ovulatory function. Mice with deletion of both oestrogen receptors alpha and beta are similar to those lacking oestrogen receptor alpha only, but exhibit a unique ovarian pathology. These observed phenotypes elucidate the relative roles of the oestrogen receptors in reproductive functions of female rodents.

Tissue expression of the Schistosoma mansoni 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase

Parasitology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Porchet ◽  
A. McNair ◽  
A. Caron ◽  
J. P. Kusnierz ◽  
K. Zemzoumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neural Mass ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques ◽  
Hepatic Granulomas ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The expression of the Schistosoma mansoni 28 kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sm28) was studied using molecular (PCR, in situ hybridization), and immunocytochemical techniques. The presence of Sm28 was demonstrated in all developmental stages of the parasite except the intra-uterine immature egg. In the parenchyma of male and female adult worms the distribution of Sm28 was limited to a subpopulation of parenchymal cells and to the dorsal tubercles of the male. The tegument, the muscles, the digestive tract, the neural mass, the vitelline glands, and mature gametes were not immunoreactive. Immature germinal cells in both sexes, and the ootype in the female genital system, were found to express Sm28. Deposits of immunoreactive material on host skin following cercarial penetration, exfoliation from the male tubercles, and especially emission of Sm28 from eggs in hepatic granulomas are suspected to be a source of antigen during the parasite infection. The reduction in worm fecundity previously observed in immunization experiments may result from an antibody response directed against Sm28 present in the ootype. There was no cross-reactivity observed, under the experimental conditions used, between the anti-Sm28 sera and either vertebrate or invertebrate host tissue.

Differences in tissue-specific and embryonic expression of mouse Ceacam1 and Ceacam2 genes

2001 ◽  
Vol 355 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric HAN ◽  
Dillon PHAN ◽  
Piao LO ◽  
Matthew N. POY ◽  
Richard BEHRINGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Mouse Development ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Mouse Tissues

The intercellular adhesion molecule CEACAM1, also known as C-CAM1 (where CAM is cell-adhesion molecule), can function as a tumour suppressor in several carcinomas, including those of the prostate, breast, bladder and colon. This suggests that CEACAM1 may play an important role in the regulation of normal cell growth and differentiation. However, there is no direct evidence to support this putative function of CEACAM1. To elucidate its physiological function by targeted gene deletion, we isolated the Ceacam genes from a mouse 129 Sv/Ev library. Although there is only one Ceacam1 gene in humans and one in rats, two homologous genes (Ceacam1 and Ceacam2) have been identified in the mouse. Our sequence analysis revealed that the genes encoded nine exons and spanned approx. 16-17 kb (Ceacam1) and 25kb (Ceacam2). The genes were highly similar (79.6%). The major differences in the protein-coding regions were located in exons 2, 5 and 6 (76.9%, 87.0% and 78.5% similarity respectively). In addition, introns 2, 5 and 7 were also significantly different, being 29.7%, 59.8% and 64.5% similar respectively. While most of these differences were due to nucleotide substitutions, two insertions of 418 and 5849bp occurred in intron 2 of Ceacam2, and another two insertions of 1384 and 197bp occurred in introns 5 and 7 respectively. To determine whether functional redundancy exists between Ceacam1 and Ceacam2, we examined their expression in 16 mouse tissues by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. As in human and rat, in the mouse Ceacam1 mRNA was highly abundant in the liver, small intestine, prostate and spleen. In contrast, Ceacam2 mRNA was only detected in kidney, testis and, to a lesser extent, spleen. Reverse transcription-PCR using testis RNA indicated that Ceacam2 in the testis is an alternatively spliced form containing only exons 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9. In the mouse embryo, Ceacam1 mRNA was detected at day 8.5, disappeared between days 9.5 and 12.5, and re-appeared at day 19. On the other hand, no Ceacam2 mRNA was detected throughout embryonic development. The different tissue expression patterns and regulation during embryonic development suggest that the CEACAM1 and CEACAM2 proteins, although highly similar, may have different functions both during mouse development and in adulthood. The Ceacam1 and Ceacam2 sequences have been deposited in the GenBank®/EMBL/DDBJ/GSDB Nucleotide Sequence Databases with accession numbers AF287911 and AF287912 respectively.

Characterization of a glycine-rich protein from Rhipicephalus microplus: tissue expression, gene silencing and immune recognition

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 927-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Leal ◽  
M. F. Alzugaray ◽  
A. Seixas ◽  
I. Da Silva Vaz ◽  
C. A. S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Rhipicephalus Microplus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Potential Candidate

AbstractSalivary molecules, as glycine-rich proteins (GRPs), are essential to tick attachment and feeding on the host and are suggested to be involved in the host's immune system evasion, therefore representing natural candidates in the search for protective vaccine antigens. This work shows the molecular characterization of a GRP from Rhipicephalus microplus (RmGRP). The cDNA and putative amino acid sequences were analysed, as well as the transcription level in tick tissues/developmental stages, showing the highest levels of gene expression in 1-day-old larvae and salivary glands of fully engorged females. RmGRP gene silencing resulted in a lower hatching rate of larvae from treated females. In addition, recombinant RmGRP (rRmGRP) was recognized by sera from naturally and experimentally infested bovines, displaying considerable differences among the individuals tested. rRmGRP was recognized by anti-saliva and anti-salivary glands sera, while anti-rRmGRP serum recognized RmGRP in saliva and salivary glands, indicating its secretion into the host. The data collected indicate that RmGRP may present roles other than in the tick–host relationship, especially in embryo development. In addition, the high expression in adult females, antigenicity and presence of shared characteristics with other tick protective GRPs turns RmGRP a potential candidate to compose an anti-tick vaccine cocktail.

Abstract 3591: Group X sPLA2 Deficiency Increases Adiposity and Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R Webb ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Kathy Forrest ◽  
William Bailey ◽  
Boris B Boyanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Tissue Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Mouse Tissues

Introduction: Of the 10 secretory phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ) enzymes expressed in humans, Group X (GX) sPLA 2 is the most potent in hydrolyzing phospholipids on cell membranes. In addition to its lipolytic activity, GX sPLA 2 is also a high affinity ligand for the M-type sPLA 2 receptor. Although numerous studies have implicated GX sPLA 2 in important biological processes in vitro , data from studies in vivo are lacking. To elucidate the physiological functions of this enzyme we recently developed C57BL/6 mice with targeted deletion of the GX sPLA 2 gene. Results : Analysis by real time RT-PCR showed that GX sPLA 2 mRNA is widely distributed in mouse tissues, with highest expression in intestine, testes, brain, thymus, spleen, fat, lung, and heart. Unlike some of the other members of the sPLA 2 family, tissue expression of GX sPLA 2 was not highly upregulated in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide. However, GX sPLA 2 was induced almost 5-fold in retroperitoneal fat of mice fed a high-fat (60 kcal%) diet for 17 weeks.Targeted disruption of GX sPLA 2 resulted in increased body weight in 1.5 year-old mice fed a normal laboratory diet (male GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice: 35.8±0.4 g; male GX sPLA 2 −/− mice: 45.033.2 g; p<0.05). The increase in body weight was associated with significantly increased percent body fat (GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice: 16.0±1.0%; GX sPLA 2 −/− mice: 19.6±1%; p<0.05), increased adipocyte size (GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice: 1300±26 um 2 GX sPLA 2 −/− mice: 2700±78 um 2 ; p<0.001), and decreased fasting plasma triglyceride levels (GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice: 46.3±4.9 mg/dl; GX sPLA 2 −/− mice: 33.8±2.9 mg/dl; p<0.05) at 3 months of age. Food consumption, fasting blood glucose, and plasma total cholesterol levels were not significantly different between GX sPLA 2 −/− and GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice. Compared to 3 month old GX sPLA 2 +/+ mice, the relative expression of IL-6 and F4/80 mRNAs in adipose tissue of age-matched GX sPLA 2 −/− mice was increased 9- and 4-fold, respectively, suggesting that the increased adiposity in GX sPLA 2 −/− mice was associated with an increase in the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue Conclusions: Our data points to a previously unrecognized role for Group X sPLA 2 in the development of obesity and associated adipose tissue inflammation.

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