Levothyroxine treatment is associated with an increased relative risk of overall and organ specific incident cancers – a cohort study of the Swedish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 101707
Author(s):  
Per Wändell ◽  
Axel C. Carlsson ◽  
Xinjun Li ◽  
Jan Sundquist ◽  
Kristina Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Specific Incident ◽  
Levothyroxine Treatment

scholarly journals Clinically Diagnosed Insomnia and Risk of All-Cause and Diagnosis-Specific Disability Pension: A Nationwide Cohort Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Jansson ◽  
Kristina Alexanderson ◽  
Göran Kecklund ◽  
Torbjörn Åkerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Specific Incident ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background. Insomnia and disability pension are major health problems, but few population-based studies have examined the association between insomnia and risk of disability pension.Methods. We conducted a prospective nationwide cohort study based on Swedish population-based registers including all 5,028,922 individuals living in Sweden on December 31, 2004/2005, aged 17–64 years, and not on disability or old age pension. Those having at least one admission/specialist visit with a diagnosis of disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep (insomnias) (ICD-10: G47.0) during 2000/2001–2005 were compared to those with no such inpatient/outpatient care. All-cause and diagnosis-specific incident disability pension were followed from 2006 to 2010. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by Cox regression.Results. In models adjusted for prior sickness absence, sociodemographic factors, and inpatient/specialized outpatient care, associations between insomnia and increased risks of all-cause disability pension (IRR 1.35, 95% CI 1.09–1.67) and disability pension due to mental diagnoses (IRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.38–2.50) were observed. After further adjustment for insomnia medications these associations disappeared. No associations between insomnia and risk of disability pension due to cancer, circulatory, or musculoskeletal diagnoses were observed.Conclusion. Insomnia seems to be positively associated with all-cause disability pension and disability pension due to mental diagnoses.

Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097126
Author(s):  
Jack Allport ◽  
Jayasree Ramaskandhan ◽  
Malik S. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

scholarly journals Analysis of the relationship between surgeon procedure volume and complications after total knee arthroplasty using a propensity-matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e000072
Author(s):  
Tosan Okoro ◽  
Sebastian Tomescu ◽  
J Michael Paterson ◽  
Bheeshma Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Deep Infection ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Surgical Infection ◽  
Matched Cohort Study ◽  
Total Knee

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify a threshold in annual surgeon volume associated with increased risk of revision (for any cause) and deep infection requiring surgery following primary elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA).DesignA propensity score matched cohort study.SettingOntario, Canada.Participants169 713 persons who received a primary TKA between 2002 and 2016, with 3-year postoperative follow-up.Main outcome measuresRevision arthroplasty (for any cause), and the occurrence of deep surgical infection requiring surgery.ResultsBased on restricted cubic spline analysis, the threshold for increased probability of revision and deep infection requiring surgery was <70 cases/year. After matching of 51 658 TKA recipients from surgeons performing <70 cases/year to TKA recipients from surgeons with greater than 70 cases/year, patients in the former group had a higher rate of revision (for any cause, 2.23% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.39 to 3.07) vs 1.70% (95% CI 0.85 to 2.55); Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.33, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.47, p<0.0001) and deep infection requiring surgery (1.29% (95% CI 0.44 to 2.14) vs 1.09% (95% CI 0.24 to 1.94); HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.51, p<0.0001).ConclusionsFor primary TKA recipients, cases performed by surgeons who had performed fewer than 70 TKAs in the year prior to the index TKA were at 31% increased relative risk of revision (for any cause), and 18% increased relative risk for deep surgical infection requiring surgery, at 3-year follow-up.

scholarly journals 5-Hydroxyvitamin D concentration in paediatric cancer patients from Scotland: a prospective cohort study

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1926-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Revuelta Iniesta ◽  
Ilenia Paciarotti ◽  
Isobel Davidson ◽  
Jane M. McKenzie ◽  
Celia Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Paediatric Cancer ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Nutritional Data

AbstractChildren with cancer are potentially at a high risk of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) inadequacy, and despite UK vitamin D supplementation guidelines their implementation remains inconsistent. Thus, we aimed to investigate 25(OH)D concentration and factors contributing to 25(OH)D inadequacy in paediatric cancer patients. A prospective cohort study of Scottish children aged <18 years diagnosed with, and treated for, cancer (patients) between August 2010 and January 2014 was performed, with control data from Scottish healthy children (controls). Clinical and nutritional data were collected at defined periods up to 24 months. 25(OH)D status was defined by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health as inadequacy (<50 nmol/l: deficiency (<25 nmol/l), insufficiency (25–50 nmol/l)), sufficiency (51–75 nmol/l) and optimal (>75 nmol/l). In all, eighty-two patients (median age 3·9, interquartile ranges (IQR) 1·9–8·8; 56 % males) and thirty-five controls (median age 6·2, IQR 4·8–9·1; 49 % males) were recruited. 25(OH)D inadequacy was highly prevalent in the controls (63 %; 22/35) and in the patients (64 %; 42/65) at both baseline and during treatment (33–50 %). Non-supplemented children had the highest prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy at every stage with 25(OH)D median ranging from 32·0 (IQR 21·0–46·5) to 45·0 (28·0–64·5) nmol/l. Older age at baseline (R −0·46; P<0·001), overnutrition (BMI≥85th centile) at 3 months (P=0·005; relative risk=3·1) and not being supplemented at 6 months (P=0·04; relative risk=4·3) may have contributed to lower plasma 25(OH)D. Paediatric cancer patients are not at a higher risk of 25(OH)D inadequacy than healthy children at diagnosis; however, prevalence of 25(OH)D inadequacy is still high and non-supplemented children have a higher risk. Appropriate monitoring and therapeutic supplementation should be implemented.

scholarly journals S134. THE INCIDENCE OF PSYCHOSIS IN OLDER PEOPLE: A SWEDISH POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S377-S378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Stafford ◽  
Robert Howard ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
James Kirkbride
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Swedish Population

scholarly journals Multiple anthropometric measures in relation to incidence of diabetes: a Swedish population-based cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1100-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Borné ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson ◽  
Olle Melander ◽  
Bo Hedblad ◽  
Gunnar Engström
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Swedish Population

scholarly journals Trends in diagnostic patterns and mortality in emergency ambulance service patients in 2007−2014: a population-based cohort study from the North Denmark Region

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e014508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Frischknecht Christensen ◽  
Mette Dahl Bendtsen ◽  
Thomas Mulvad Larsen ◽  
Flemming Bøgh Jensen ◽  
Tim Alex Lindskou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The North ◽  
Emergency Ambulance ◽  
Age And Sex

ObjectiveDemand for ambulances is growing. Nevertheless, knowledge is limited regarding diagnoses and outcomes in patients receiving emergency ambulances. This study aims to examine time trends in diagnoses and mortality among patients transported with emergency ambulance to hospital.DesignPopulation-based cohort study with linkage of Danish national registries.SettingThe North Denmark Region in 2007–2014.ParticipantsCohort of 148 757 patients transported to hospital by ambulance after calling emergency services.Main outcome measuresThe number of emergency ambulance service patients, distribution of their age, sex, hospital diagnoses, comorbidity, and 1-day and 30-day mortality were assessed by calendar year. Poisson regression with robust variance estimation was used to estimate both age-and sex-adjusted relative risk of death and prevalence ratios for Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to allow comparison by year, with 2007 as reference year.ResultsThe annual number of emergency ambulance service patients increased from 24.3 in 2007 to 40.2 in 2014 per 1000 inhabitants. The proportions of women increased from 43.1% to 46.4% and of patients aged 60+ years from 39.9% to 48.6%, respectively. The proportion of injuries gradually declined, non-specific diagnoses increased, especially the last year. Proportion of patients with high comorbidity (CCI≥3) increased from 6.4% in 2007 to 9.4% in 2014, corresponding to an age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.27 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.39). The 1-day and 30 day mortality decreased from 2.40% to 1.21% and from 5.01% to 4.36%, respectively, from 2007 to 2014, corresponding to age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risk of 0.43 (95% CI 0.37 to 0.50) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.79), respectively.ConclusionDuring the 8-year period, the incidence of emergency ambulance service patients, the proportion of women, elderly, and non-specific diagnoses increased. The level of comorbidity increased substantially, whereas the 1-day and 30-day mortality decreased.

First norovirus outbreaks associated with consumption of green seaweed (Enteromorpha spp.) in South Korea

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. PARK ◽  
H. S. JEONG ◽  
J. S. LEE ◽  
S. W. LEE ◽  
Y. H. CHOI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Green Seaweed ◽  
Norovirus Gii ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn February 2012, an outbreak of gastroenteritis was reported in school A; a successive outbreak was reported at school B. A retrospective cohort study conducted in school A showed that seasoned green seaweed with radishes (relative risk 7·9, 95% confidence interval 1·1–56·2) was significantly associated with illness. Similarly, a case-control study of students at school B showed that cases were 5·1 (95% confidence interval 1·1–24·8) times more likely to have eaten seasoned green seaweed with pears. Multiple norovirus genotypes were detected in samples from students in schools A and B. Norovirus GII.6 isolated from schools A and B were phylogenetically indistinguishable. Green seaweed was supplied by company X, and norovirus GII.4 was isolated from samples of green seaweed. Green seaweed was assumed to be linked to these outbreaks. To our knowledge, this is the first reported norovirus outbreak associated with green seaweed.

scholarly journals ABO Blood Groups and the Incidence of Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (19) ◽  
pp. 10039
Author(s):  
Salvador Domènech-Montoliu ◽  
Joan Puig-Barberà ◽  
Maria Rosario Pac-Sa ◽  
Paula Vidal-Utrillas ◽  
Marta Latorre-Poveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Clinical Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Telephone Interviews

After a COVID-19 outbreak in the Falles festival of Borriana (Spain) during March 2020, a cohort of patients were followed until October 2020 to estimate complications post-COVID-19, considering ABO blood groups (ABO). From 536 laboratory-confirmed cases, 483 completed the study (90.1%) carried by the Public Health Center of Castelló and the Emergency and Microbiology and Clinical Analysis of Hospital de la Plana Vila-real. The study included ABO determination and telephone interviews of patients. The participants had a mean age of 37.2 ± 17.1 years, 300 females (62.1%). ABO were O (41.4%), A (45.5%), B (9.1%), and AB (3.9%). We found no difference in the incidence of COVID-19 infections. A total of 159 (32.9%) patients reported one or more post-COVID-19 complications with divergent incidences after adjustment: O (32.3%), A (32.6%), B (54.1%), and AB (27.6%); B groups had more complications post-COVID-19 when compared with O group (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68, 95% CI 1.24–2.27), and symptoms of fatigue (1.79, 95% CI 1.08–2.95), myalgia (2.06, 95% CI 1.10–3.84), headache (2.61, 95% CI 1.58–4.31), and disorder of vision (4.26 95% CI 1.33–13.60). In conclusion, we observed significant differences in post-COVID-19 complications by ABO, with a higher incidence in B group. Additional research is justified to confirm our results.

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