Laboratory-Scale Research of Non-Catalyzed Supercritical Alcohol Process for Continuous Biodiesel Production

This work investigates the non-catalyzed supercritical methanol (SCM) process for continuous biodiesel production. The lab-scale setup was designed and used for biodiesel production in the temperature range of 520–650 K and 83–380 bar with an oil-to-methanol molar ratio ranging from 1:5 to 1:45. The experiments were performed in the coiled plug flow tubular reactor. The volumetric flow rate of the methanol/oil ranged from 0.1–10 mL/min. This work examines a new reactor technology involving preheating and pre-mixing of the methanol/oil mixture to reduce setup cost and increase biodiesel yield under the same reaction conditions. Work performed showed that FAME’s yield increased rapidly with temperature and pressure above the methanol critical points (i.e., 513 K and 79.5 bar). The best methyl-ester yield using this reaction technology was 91% at 590 K temperature and 351 bars with an oil-to-methanol ratio of 39 and a 15-min residence time. Furthermore, the kinetics of the free catalyst transesterification process was studied in supercritical methanol under different reaction conditions.

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Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11102562 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2562 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chia-Hung Su ◽

Hoang Nguyen ◽

Uyen Pham ◽

My Nguyen ◽

Horng-Yi Juan

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Biodiesel Feedstock ◽

Acid Catalyzed ◽

American Society ◽

Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

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High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010094 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 94 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Samantha Pantoja ◽

Vanessa Mescouto ◽

Carlos Costa ◽

José Zamian ◽

Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Palm Tree ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Mauritia Flexuosa ◽

Buriti Oil ◽

Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

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Flow-mode biodiesel production from palm oil using a pressurized microwave reactor

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2017-0116 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽

Xinyu Ge ◽

Giancarlo Cravotto

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Irradiation Time ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Flow Mode ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Surface Method ◽

Optimized Conditions ◽

Reactor Pressure ◽

Palm Oil Biodiesel

Abstract The factors that influence microwave-assisted biodiesel production reactions have been analyzed in this investigation. The studied parameters included microwave (MW) power, irradiation time, and reactor pressure. The response surface method was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The conversion for the 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 1% catalyst ranged from 68.4% to 96.71%. The optimized conditions were found to be 138 s of MW irradiation at 780 W and 7 bar pressure. The conversion at this point was 97.82%. Biodiesel yield increased at higher radiation times (90–130 s) and pressures (5–7 bar). Results show that MW power and irradiation time have significant effects at the 1% level, whereas pressure had significant effects at the 5% level on biodiesel production in this range. The major properties of the palm oil biodiesel produced herein have met the requirements of the EN 14214 methyl ester standard.

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Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.655 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 655-658 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thakun Sawiwat ◽

Somjai Kajorncheappunngam

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Supercritical Methanol ◽

Rubber Seed Oil ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Rubber Seed ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

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Optimization of melon oil methyl ester production using response surface methodology

Biofuels Engineering ◽

10.1515/bfuel-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. S. Aliozo ◽

L. N. Emembolu ◽

O. D. Onukwuli

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Response Surface ◽

Research Work ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Central Composite Designs ◽

American Society

Abstract In this research work, melon oil was used as feedstock for methyl ester production. The research was aimed at optimizing the reaction conditions for methyl ester yield from the oil. Response surface methodology (RSM), based on a five level, four variable central composite designs (CCD)was used to optimize and statistically analyze the interaction effect of the process parameter during the biodiesel production processes. A total of 30 experiments were conducted to study the effect of methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst weight, temperature and reaction time. The optimal yield of biodiesel from melon oil was found to be 94.9% under the following reaction conditions: catalyst weight - 0.8%, methanol to oil molar ratio - 6:1, temperature - 55°C and reaction time of 60mins. The quality of methyl ester produced at these conditions was within the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) specification.

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Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles

BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING AND CATALYSIS ◽

10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 191

Author(s):

Suverna Trivedi ◽

Ram Prasad ◽

S. Chadha

Keyword(s):

Oxidation Kinetics ◽

Plug Flow ◽

Tubular Reactor ◽

Frequency Factor ◽

Reaction Engineering ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Air Oxidation ◽

Temperature Ranges ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Kinetics Of

This paper describes the kinetics of catalytic air oxidation of propane. The kinetics data were collected in a plug flow tubular reactor. The experiments were performed over the NiCo2O4 catalyst prepared by co-precipitation method followed by calcination at 400 oC. The kinetic data were collected under the following conditions: 200 mg of catalyst, 2.5 % of propane in air, total flow rate of 60 mL/min, and temperature ranges of 130-170 oC. The data were fitted to the power law rate equation. The activation energy and frequency factor were found to be 59.3 kJ/g mol and 2.9×108 (mol)0.47.L0.53/g cat.h, respectively. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 20th November 2016; Revised: 26th February 2017; Accepted: 26th February 2017How to Cite: Trivedi, S., Prasad, R., Chadha, S. (2017). Oxidation Kinetics of Propane-Air Mixture over NiCo2O4 Catalyst Emitted from LPG Vehicles. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 191-196 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.798.191-196

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Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction

Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.13170/aijst.9.1.13297 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Agus Haryanto ◽

Amieria Citra Gita ◽

Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽

Mareli Telaumbanua

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Frying Oil ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Used Frying Oil ◽

First Order ◽

Biodiesel Synthesis ◽

Kinetics Of

This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454

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Kinetics of the sunflower oil ethanolysis using CaO as catalyst

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq160106003v ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 409-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ana Velickovic ◽

Jelena Avramovic ◽

Olivera Stamenkovic ◽

Vlada Veljkovic

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Model ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Reaction Rate Constant ◽

Ethyl Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Data Points ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Good Agreement

The ethanolysis of sunflower oil catalyzed by calcium oxide was studied in wider ranges of the reaction conditions: temperature 65-75?C, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio 6:1-18:1 and catalyst loading 10-20% in order to determine the reaction kinetics. The proposed kinetic model of the sunflower oil ethanolysis included the changing and first-order reaction mechanism with respect to triacylglycerols and fatty acid ethyl esters. The kinetic parameters were determined and correlated with the process variables. The Arrhenius equation could be applied to the reaction rate constant with the activation energy of 94.0 kJ/mol. The proposed kinetic model showed a good agreement with the experimental data with the mean relative percentage deviation of ?13% (based on 256 data points).

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OPTIMIZING REACTION CONDITIONS OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING GREEN SOLID CATALYST

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i8.2020.764 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 65-71

Author(s):

I Nengah Simpen ◽

I Made Sutha Negara ◽

Sofyan Dwi Jayanto

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Research Result ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

National Standard ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Solid Catalyst ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

One Step

Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in two steps reaction of esterification and transesterification is low efficient, due to twice methanol consumption and need more reaction time. Optimizing reaction conditions of CaO as a matrix of solid catalyst prepared from crab shell (green CaO) and modified by K2O/TiO2 for converting waste cooking oil to biodiesel have been carried out. Catalytic process of waste cooking oil to biodiesel took place in one step reaction of esterification and transesterification. The research result showed that optimum conditions in its one step reaction such as methanol to oil molar ratio was 9:1, amount of CaO/K2O-TiO2 catalyst to oil was 5% and reaction time of 60 minutes with biodiesel yield was 88.24%. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel which produced from one step reaction of esterification and transesterification of waste cooking oil were suitable with Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006) namely density at 40oC of 850 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity at 40oC of 3.32 cSt, water content of 0.046%, iodine number of 59.25 g I2/100g and acid value of 0.29 mg KOH/g. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel formed fatty acid methyl esters from conversion of waste cooking oil.

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