Coupling thermal stripping and acid absorption for ammonia recovery from dairy manure: Ammonia volatilization kinetics and effects of temperature, pH and dissolved solids content

2015 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 188-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Anayo T. Ukwuani
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Solids Content

scholarly journals The Influence of Alkalization and Temperature on Ammonia Recovery from Cow Manure and the Chemical Properties of the Effluents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohammed-Nour ◽  
Mohamed Al-Sewailem ◽  
Ahmed H. El-Naggar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Total Potassium

Manure is a substantial source of ammonia volatilization into the atmosphere before and after soil application. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of temperature and alkalization treatments on the release of ammonia and ammonia recovery (AR) from cow manure and to characterize the chemical properties of the resultant effluents. In a closed glass reactor, 100 g of fresh cow manure was mixed with 100 mL of deionized water and the mixture was treated with various volume of KOH to increase the manure pH to 7, 9, and 12. Ammonia was distilled from the mixture at temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 100 °C for a maximum of 5 h. Ammonia was received as diluted boric and sulfuric acids. Results indicated that the highest ammonia recovery was 86.3% and 90.2%, which were achieved at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 100 and 95 °C, respectively. The recovered ammonia in boric acid was higher than in sulfuric acid, except at a pH of 12 and temperatures of 95 and 100 °C. The effluents, after ammonia was removed, showed that the variation in pH ranged between 6.30 and 9.38. The electrical conductivity ranged between 4.5 and 9. (dS m−1) and total potassium ranged between 9.4 and 57.2 mg kg−1.

scholarly journals Recovery of ammonia in anaerobic digestate using vacuum thermal stripping – acid absorption process: scale-up considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendong Tao ◽  
Anayo T. Ukwuani ◽  
Fred Agyeman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Mass Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestate ◽  
Acid Absorption

Abstract A vacuum thermal stripping process coupled with acid absorption has been developed at laboratory scale to recover ammonia in anaerobic digestate. To make this ammonia recovery process scalable, this study investigated the effects of feed depth on vacuum thermal stripping in a pilot system, developed sodium hydroxide dosages required to raise feed pH for stripping, and simulated the dynamics of ammonia reduction in batch stripping tests. As feed depth was increased from 8.5 to 34.0 cm, the ammonia mass transfer coefficient and ammonia stripping efficiency decreased while the mass of stripped ammonia increased. Digested municipal sludge had a greater ammonia mass transfer coefficient than digested dairy manure at each feed depth, which could be attributed to the difference in suspended and dissolved solids concentrations. The optimum feed depth was 18 cm of the digested sludge and 14 cm of the digested manure. Sodium hydroxide dosage for the digested manure was higher than that for the digested sludge and co-digested foodwaste. The dosages were correlated to concentrations of total dissolved solids and ammonia. Total ammonia concentration decreased exponentially in batch stripping of the digested sludge at 25.5 cm deep, with a first-order stripping rate coefficient of 0.087–0.144 h−1.

Cost benefit assessment of a novel thermal stripping – acid absorption process for ammonia recovery from anaerobically digested dairy manure

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohaib Waseem Anwar ◽  
Wendong Tao
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Hourly Wage ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Acid Absorption ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Benefit Cost

Thermal stripping – acid absorption is a novel technology recently developed to recover ammonia as marketable ammonium sulfate granules from anaerobic digester effluent. Taking a large-size dairy farm in New York State, USA, as an example, this study evaluates the costs and benefits of ammonia recovery from a recirculation line of mesophilic anaerobic digesters. Option 1 is the baseline without ammonia recovery. Option 2 is to draw digester effluent at 28% of the liquid manure loading rate, heat to 101 °C for ammonia recovery, and return the ammonia-recovered dairy manure to the digesters. Under option 2, the returned hot manure eliminates the need to heat the digesters. Option 3 is similar to Option 2, but the recirculation rate is only 14% of the manure loading rate. In this case, additional heating is needed for the digesters. Engineering unit cost and revenue models are developed for the thermal stripping – acid absorption process. Options 2 and 3 have benefit/cost ratios of 1.90 and 1.86, respectively. Option 2 produces greater net present value (NPV) ($1.34 million) than Option 2 ($0.72 million), while Option 1 yields a negative NPV (−$0.23 million). Ammonia recovery on this farm can create 1.5–3 jobs. Labor costs account for 62–70% of the total operating costs. Option 2 can generate a benefit of $0.018/L manure digestate or $0.50/d/cow. Any uncertainties relating to NPV and benefit/cost ratio are mainly associated with the sale price of ammonium sulfate and hourly wage rate.

Impact of Anaerobic Digestion of Liquid Dairy Manure on Ammonia Volatilization Process

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Koirala ◽  
P M Ndegwa ◽  
H S Joo ◽  
C Frear ◽  
C O Stockle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Dairy Manure

Effects of surface manure application timing on ammonia volatilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gordon ◽  
R. Jamieson ◽  
V. Rodd ◽  
G. Patterson ◽  
T. Harz
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Linear Correlations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of timing of application on ammonia (NH3) volatilization from surface-applied dairy manure. Field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (1994 and 1995) at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm in Nappan, Nova Scotia. A total of eight trials were performed in an attempt to characterize what effect the timing of application (morning vs. late afternoon/early evening) has on NH3 volatilization losses. Ammonia losses were also related to several meteorological parameters. The total percentage of NH3 volatilized in the 10 h following field spreading ranged from as low as < 2% to approximately 66%. Late-day spreading typically resulted in at least a 30% reduction in overall NH3 flux densities, primarily due to substantial reductions in NH3 losses occurring within the first 10 h after manure application. The positive benefits of late-day manure spreading were more pronounced during warm, dry weather conditions. Significant (P < 0.05) positive linear correlations were observed between NH3 volatilization in the 10 h following spreading and solar radiation (r2 = 0.56), wind speed (r2 = 0.53), temperature (r2 = 0.34) and vapour pressure deficit (r2 = 0.53). Results from this study have indicated that late day manure spreading practices can substantially reduce NH3 volatilization. Key words: Slurry, ammonia volatilization, dairy, manure application, timing

scholarly journals Comparative Test Of Effectiveness Between Lotus (Nymphaea Firecrest) And Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) To Reduce Tofu Wastewater Pollutants

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Muliyadi Muliyadi
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Experiment Method ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Wastewater Pollutants

Tofu industrial liquid waste is waste generated in the process of making tofu or when washing soybeans. In Ternate City, North Maluku, tofu waste is generally discharged into the sea; this causes environmental pollution. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of lotus (Nymphaea Firecrest) and water hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) to reduce levels of pollutants TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) and TSS (Total Suspended Solid) in tofu wastewater in the Tofu Industry in Jambula Village by "phytoremediation process." The research method used in this study is the Experiment Method. The sample total used is 30 liters. From the results of this study indicate that the results of the first examination for water hyacinth, TDS 525mg / l and TSS 449mg / l and lotus, TDS 598 mg / l and TSS 421mg / l, for the second examination for water hyacinth, TDS 445mg / l, and TSS 330mg / l and for lotus, TDS 598 mg / l, and TSS 421mg / l, and for the third examination of water hyacinth, TDS 720mg / l, and TSS 311mg / l and for lotus, TDS 600mg / l and TSS 419mg / l. It can conclude that the most effective way to reduce TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids) content is by using Water Hyacinth

Conductivity–Temperature Standardization and Dissolved Solids Estimation in a Meromictic Saline Lake

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2450-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Hall ◽  
Thomas G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Consistent Estimate ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Stratified Lakes ◽  
Ion Interactions ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Solids Content

Studies on seasonal changes in micro-stratification in meromictic Mahoney Lake required investigation of appropriate temperature–conductivity (T–C) adjustments and conductivity – dissolved solids relationships. In situ conductivity measurements were adjusted to 25 °C using a series of T–C relationships determined in the laboratory for Mahoney Lake water collected from different depths and at different times. Comparisons were made between conductivity determined from in situ measurements, conductivity in diluted water, and chemical analysis. Conductivity measurements were evaluated as estimates of the dissolved solids content of the water. T–C relationships were found to change considerably with depth and season in salt-stratified lakes, and errors as high as 15% could occur in Mahoney Lake unless several T–C plots were used to adjust field conductivity measurements to a constant temperature. Corrected in situ measurements underestimated conductivity as determined from the chemical composition. Diluted conductivity provided a more consistent estimate of dissolved solids content by eliminating most effects of ion–ion interactions upon ion mobility.

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