Differential transformation mechanisms of exotic Cr(VI) in agricultural soils with contrasting physio-chemical and biological properties

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 130546
Author(s):  
Yihao Wang ◽  
Jianjun Yang ◽  
Hui Han ◽  
Yongfeng Hu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Differential Transformation ◽  
Transformation Mechanisms

Suppression of Meloidogyne incognita in different agricultural soils and possible contribution of soil fauna

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Yu Min ◽  
Koki Toyota
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Organic Input ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
The Relationship

A total of 12 soils collected from different agricultural fields, having different backgrounds of organic input, were evaluated for their suppressive potential against Meloidogyne incognita. Second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita were inoculated into the soils and their survival was evaluated. The number of M. incognita J2 5 days after inoculation differed depending on soil and was significantly lower in two soils, suggesting higher suppressiveness against M. incognita in these soils. This was confirmed by an experiment using tomato as a test plant, in which the gall formation was significantly lower in the two soils than in other soils. To estimate the contribution of below-ground biota to the suppressiveness, numbers of nematodes (predator, omnivore, bacterivore and fungivore) and other soil fauna such as tardigrades and rotifers, were counted. Some soil chemical and biological properties were also measured. Results from multiple linear regression analysis suggested that the number of rotifers, microbial activity, soil pH and total C may be involved in the suppression. The relationship between the suppressiveness and soil chemical and biological parameters is discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Non-Conventional Biological and Molecular Parameters as Potential Indicators of Quality and Functionality of Urban Biosolids Used as Organic Amendments of Agricultural Soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam del Rocío Medina-Herrera ◽  
María de la Luz Xochilt Negrete-Rodríguez ◽  
José Luis Álvarez-Trejo ◽  
Midory Samaniego-Hernández ◽  
Leopoldo González-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
C And N ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Enzymatic Machinery

Biosolids are waste from wastewater treatment and have a high content of organic matter and nutrients. In this study, not conventional physicochemical and biological properties of biosolids produced during different seasons of the year were evaluated. These properties are not considered in environmental regulations; however, they are of agronomic interest as indicators of quality and functionality in soils. Also, molecular analysis by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) was conducted, enzymatic analysis using the APIZYM® system was performed and two indices of functional and microbial diversity were established. The results showed that the biosolids had a high content of total organic carbon, total nitrogen, P, and K. FTIR analyses showed that chemical composition of biosolids was similar during all year. The C and N of microbial biomass demonstrated presence of active microorganisms, as well as a uniformity in its richness and abundance of species that could present a positive synergy with soil microorganisms. The enzymatic activities showed that the biosolids contained an enzymatic machinery available to promote the mineralisation of the organic matter of biosolids and could even transcend into the soil. Finally, biological properties can be used as indicators of quality and functionality of biosolids before being used as an organic amendment, especially in agricultural soils.

scholarly journals Vermicomposting: Tool for Sustainable Ruminant Manure Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nasiru ◽  
N. Ismail ◽  
M. H. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Solid Biomass

Ruminants are important sources of meat and milk. Their production is associated with manure excretion. Estimates of over 3,900,000 million metric tonnes of manure are produced daily from ruminants worldwide. Storage and spread of this waste on land pose health risks and environmental problems. Efficient and sustainable way of handling ruminant manure is required. Composting and vermicomposting are considered two of the best techniques for solid biomass waste management. This paper presents vermicomposting as an effective tool for ruminant manure management. Vermicomposting is a mesophilic biooxidation and stabilisation process of organic materials that involves the joint action of earthworm and microorganism. Compared with composting, vermicomposting has higher rate of stabilisation and it is greatly modifying its physical and biochemical properties, with low C : N ratio and homogenous end product. It is also costeffective and ecofriendly waste management. Due to its innate biological, biochemical and physicochemical properties, vermicomposting can be used to promote sustainable ruminant manure management. Vermicomposts are excellent sources of biofertiliser and their addition improves the physiochemical and biological properties of agricultural soils. In addition, earthworms from the vermicomposting can be used as source of protein to fishes and monogastric animals. Vermicompost can also be used as raw materials for bioindustries.

scholarly journals The Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances and Their Bioremediation on Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Invertebrates

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Gabriela Barczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) as main pollutants of the natural environment can negatively affect the microbiological, biochemical, and biological properties of agricultural soils and, consequently, plant production. The present study aimed to determine the after-effect of PDSs such as petrol, used engine oil, and diesel fuel on the activity of selected soil enzymes (phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease) and on the occurrence of soil invertebrates. Moreover, changes in the analyzed parameters in response to bioremediation of the polluted soil by using ZB-01 preparation were investigated. The field experiments were performed four- and five-years post contamination. The results showed that even after five years, PDSs significantly modified the activity of soil enzymes; however, this effect was often varied, depending on the pollutant, enzyme, and time after soil contamination. Dehydrogenase seems to be a good indicator of soil contamination with PDSs, particularly diesel fuel. Engine oil and diesel fuel limited still the occurrence of soil invertebrates, particularly Collembola from the families Hypogastruidae, Isotomidae, and Entomobryidae, even after four and five years of contamination. This finding suggests the usefulness of these organisms in assessing soil pollution and in monitoring the progress of bioremediation. The effect of ZB-01 biopreparation on the activity of selected enzymes was varied. Its effect on the occurrence of soil invertebrates was usually beneficial, which was evident in diesel fuel-contaminated soil.

Australian Soil Fertility Manual

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Australian Soil

The Australian Soil Fertility Manual is a trusted guide to the safe use and handling of fertilizers. It describes the types of agricultural soils, how they are classified and the interaction of soil, water and nutrients. It also provides an insight into how plants utilise nutrients and the role that individual nutrients play in the process of plant growth. This edition has been revised to reflect an increased emphasis on the environmental fate of nutrients and appropriate management strategies. It also has additional information on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and discussions on the use of lime, dolomite and gypsum. New content covers liming effectiveness, nitrogen water use efficiency, regulations for handling and using fertilizers, storage and transport of security sensitive ammonium nitrate, budgeting for profitable nitrogen use and best management practice for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The chapters on potassium; calcium, magnesium and sulfur; plant nutrients and the environment; and heavy metal in fertilizers and agriculture have all been extensively revised and rewritten. This important work will be an essential text for fertilizer dealers, extension workers, consultants, teachers, farmers, horticulturists, graziers and others concerned with the profitable and environmentally safe use of plant nutrients.

Managing soil health and crop productivity in potato: a challenging test system

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Shane M. Powell ◽  
John E. McPhee ◽  
Geoff Dean ◽  
Sue Hinton ◽  
Leigh A. Sparrow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
Potato Crops

Maintaining the health, and therefore productivity, of agricultural soils is vital for continued sustainable agricultural production to support the world’s growing population. Potatoes are grown in a variety of agro-ecological systems and are one of the most important food crops worldwide. Potato crops are demanding on the soil with significant heavy machinery traffic, intensive tillage operations and high inputs of fertiliser, pesticides and water. Maintaining or improving soil health can therefore be challenging for growers. This review considers the different aspects of soil health in a potato production context, how to measure them and how they can be influenced by management practices. Soil health is a complex concept encompassing the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil and their role in ecosystem services and the growth of plants. Although our understanding of soil health and its impact on crop productivity has improved in the last 30 years, many knowledge gaps remain.

scholarly journals Development of Software Application for the Assessment of Agricultural Traffic

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-185
Author(s):  
Adrian MOLNAR ◽  
Ioan DROCAȘ ◽  
Ovidiu RANTA ◽  
Sorin STÄ‚NILÄ‚
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Input Parameters

The compaction of agricultural soils is a serious problem in the agricultural community due to it’s proven negative effects that can be seen as a form of land degradation. Due to agricultural traffic, applied stresses are transmitted to deeper depths and may alter physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. This paper outlines the structure of a computer application for the assessment of in field agricultural traffic, which is developed as a module within a program for soil compaction control that can be also used as a standalone application that can be installed on any PC or mobile device. The proposed computer application is designed to be used not only as a standalone application but also build in an application for soil compaction assessment. The application is a result of extensive literature and experimental research activities, so it uses proper input parameters data available literature and personal research data gathered by authors of this paper. Following the available studies are defined the input parameters, the general layout of the software application is showed and described, the general structure is analysed and the output data is mentioned. In this paper we designed a software application for agricultural traffic assessment, developed to be as a useful tool not only for in field traffic management but also for soil compaction management on long term, that can be used on small or large farms so the user will have a clear status of the traffic on the field.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties of Biochar Materials Manufactured from Agricultural Products Common to the Southeast United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Evans ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Michael Popp ◽  
Sammy Sadaka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Southeast United States ◽  
Poultry Litter Biochar

The use of biochar as a soil amendment has fostered much attention in recent years due to its potential of improving the chemical, physical, and biological properties of agricultural soils and/or soilless substrates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical properties of feedstocks, common in the southeast United States, and their resulting biochar products (after being torrefied) and determine if the chemical properties were within suitable ranges for growers to use the biochar products as root substrate components. Poultry litter biochar produced at 400 °C for 2 hours had a higher total phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), sodium (Na), and zinc (Zn) concentration than biochar made using the same process with mixed hard wood species, miscanthus (Miscanthus capensis), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) gin trash, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), rice (Oryza sativa) hull, and pine (Pinus sp.) shavings feedstocks. The pH of the biochar products ranged from 4.6 for pine shaving biochar to 9.3 for miscanthus biochar. The electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 0.1 dS·m−1 for mixed hardwood biochar to 30.3 dS·m−1 for poultry litter biochar. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the biochar products ranged from a low of 0.09 meq/g for mixed hardwood biochar to a high of 19.0 meq/g for poultry litter biochar. The water-extractable nitrate, P, K, Ca, Mg, sulfate, boron, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mo, Na, and Zn were higher in poultry litter biochar than in all of the other types of biochar. The high EC and mineral element concentration of the poultry litter biochar would prevent its use in root substrates except in very small amounts. In addition, the high degree of variability in chemical properties among all of the biochar products would require users to know the specific properties of any biochar product they used in a soil or soilless substrate. Modifications to traditional limestone additions and fertility programs may also need to be tested and monitored to compensate for the biochar pH and mineral nutrient availability. Users should be aware that biochar products made from different feedstocks can have very different chemical properties even if the same process was used to manufacture them.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of physical, chemical and biological properties of agricultural soils in Hidalgo State, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Prieto-Méndez ◽  
Francisco Prieto-García ◽  
Otilio Arturo Acevedo-Sandoval ◽  
Eliazar Aquino-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Light Phase ◽  
Physical Chemical

The spatial distribution of physical, chemical and biological soil, affecting crop yields, however, the spatial dependence of soil biological parameters has been little explored. A study was conducted to establish the influence on soil fertility showed spatial variations of physical, chemical and biological properties of two agricultural soils in Hidalgo State (Mexico), belonging to the order Cambisol with low clay content activity. Soils A, (with a phase-clay-sandy, shallow horizon imperfect drainage), the municipality of Apan and soil B (with a light phase and thick, with stones), the municipality of Emiliano Zapata, were sampled in a network of 10x10m at 10, 20 and 40 cm deep. Were determined by physical, chemical and biological both soils. Geostatistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 17.0. Texture, soil moisture and organic compounds changes affect the spatial distribution of the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils tested. The spatial variability of organic carbon, total nitrogen and C/N increased significantly with depth in the two soils, while the bulk density showed little spatial variation.

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