scholarly journals The Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances and Their Bioremediation on Soil Enzymatic Activity and Soil Invertebrates

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Gabriela Barczyk ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Invertebrates ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

Petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) as main pollutants of the natural environment can negatively affect the microbiological, biochemical, and biological properties of agricultural soils and, consequently, plant production. The present study aimed to determine the after-effect of PDSs such as petrol, used engine oil, and diesel fuel on the activity of selected soil enzymes (phosphatase, dehydrogenase, and urease) and on the occurrence of soil invertebrates. Moreover, changes in the analyzed parameters in response to bioremediation of the polluted soil by using ZB-01 preparation were investigated. The field experiments were performed four- and five-years post contamination. The results showed that even after five years, PDSs significantly modified the activity of soil enzymes; however, this effect was often varied, depending on the pollutant, enzyme, and time after soil contamination. Dehydrogenase seems to be a good indicator of soil contamination with PDSs, particularly diesel fuel. Engine oil and diesel fuel limited still the occurrence of soil invertebrates, particularly Collembola from the families Hypogastruidae, Isotomidae, and Entomobryidae, even after four and five years of contamination. This finding suggests the usefulness of these organisms in assessing soil pollution and in monitoring the progress of bioremediation. The effect of ZB-01 biopreparation on the activity of selected enzymes was varied. Its effect on the occurrence of soil invertebrates was usually beneficial, which was evident in diesel fuel-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Petroleum-Derived Substances and Their Bioremediation on the Host Plant (Vicia faba L.) and a Herbivore (Sitona spp.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1066
Author(s):  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Positive Effect

The present study assessed distant-in-time effects of soil contamination with petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) and their bioremediation using ZB-01 biopreparation on the growth of broad bean, content of nutrients and heavy metals in plants, and feeding by imagines and larvae of Sitona spp. The results showed that even after 5 years from the moment of soil contamination by engine oil and diesel fuel, they negatively impacted the growth of broad bean plants. PDSs significantly modified the content of nutrients and generally increased the content of heavy metals in plant organs. These substances also negatively affected the feeding of adult Sitona spp., causing a reduction in the percentage of plants damaged by beetles, and a decrease in the surface of consumed areas on leaves. The ZB-01 biopreparation had a generally positive effect on the morphological features of plants, and its effect on the content of nutrients and heavy metals was variable, depending on the type of contaminant, the analyzed metals or nutrients, and the involved part of the plant. The biopreparation also inhibited the adverse effect of PDSs on the feeding by imago of Sitona spp.

scholarly journals Soil Pollution by Petroleum-Derived Substances and its Bioremediation: The Effect on Aphis fabae Scop. Infestation and Antioxidant Response in Vicia faba L.

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Milena Rusin ◽  
Janina Gospodarek ◽  
Aleksandra Nadgórska-Socha
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
The Moment

In this study, the effects of soil contamination with petroleum-derived substances (PDSs) (petrol, diesel fuel and used engine oil) and its bioremediation using biopreparation ZB-01 on broad bean infestation by black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scop., as well as on the antioxidant enzymes activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD)) and antioxidant (non-protein thiols and proline) content in plant leaves, were determined. Results showed that after three years from the moment of soil contamination PDSs limited infestation of broad bean by A. fabae. However, the adverse effects on aphids’ life cycles were not proven. The lowered infestation may result from the lower attractiveness of contaminated plants to pests. PDSs significantly affected the activities of enzymes and the antioxidants content, with that effect being diversified. The increased activity of SOD was found in plants exposed to diesel fuel, together with the lowest numbers of aphids accompanying it, which can suggest a certain role of the enzyme in pest response to the stress caused by this PDS. The ZB-01 biopreparation limited the adverse effect of PDSs on the degree of broad bean plant infestation by A. fabae. Its influence on the antioxidant response was diversified. In the plants exposed to EO, changes in antioxidant response were reduced under the influence of ZB-01.

scholarly journals State of contamination of agricultural soils after floods in August 2002

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 307-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vácha ◽  
O. Poláček ◽  
V. Horváthová
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The State ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
New Information

Sixteen soil samples from agriculturally used soils flooded in August 2002 were taken because new information about the state of soil contamination was required. The area in the Vltava river basin from Pragueto Mělník and in the Laberiver basin from Neratovice to Děčín was investigated. The samples were taken in September 2002 and analysed for the contents of potentially risky elements and persistent organic pollutants, including persistent dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. The results were compared with the data from the project Labe 1992. The findings show a low soil load of potentially risky elements and a slight reduction of their contents in soil in comparison with the state in 1992 (except for vanadium). The same situation was observed in the case of persistent organic pollutants. Only the content of DDT was increased in the soils of most localities after floods in August 2002. This finding needs further observations on a larger collection of samples. The dreads resulting from expected soil contamination by dibenzodioxins from Spolana Neratovice factory were not confirmed and their contents in the soils of observed localities meet the requirements for plant production without any reduction.

scholarly journals Behavioral responses of freshwater bivalve mussel Unio pictorum to household derivatives of petroleum products

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-132
Author(s):  
P.V. Gaisky ◽  
◽  
O.A. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Probability Of Detection ◽  
White Spirit ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Brake Fluid ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Unio Pictorum

Petroleum products are one of the most common pollutants in water environments. Despite the fact that they do not belong to the mass of particularly dangerous toxic substances, their presence in the surface film, in dissolved form and sedimentary material adversely affects the life of marine and freshwater native flora and fauna. The list of sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipes” specifies only general cartographic and design requirements. Thus, the purity and safety of fresh water used for irrigation and human activity without regular monitoring remains questionable. Bioelectronic monitoring of oil pollution in water sources using laboratory flow systems or submersible autonomous meters is becoming more and more relevant. Since field experiments with in these studies are in most cases impossible, it is logical to base on the results of laboratory experiments that are as close as possible to natural conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the possibility of automated detection of some common household derivatives of petroleum products in surface water sources is evaluated using a bioelectronic complex and bivalve freshwater mollusks (Unio pictorum) as part of environmental monitoring. The probability of actual detection of used petroleum products is estimated as “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for kerosene and white spirit, and “low” for engine oil and brake fluid. The probability of detection as toxicants: “high” for diesel fuel, “medium” for white spirit, “low” for kerosene, engine oil and brake fluid.

Systemic soil modelling and the evaluation of functions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Weller ◽  
Sara König ◽  
Bibiana Betancur-Corredor ◽  
Birgit Lang ◽  
Mareike Ließ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Soil Functions

<p><span>We developed an integrated model of soil processes – the Bodium – that enables us to predict possible changes in soil functions under varying agricultural management and climatic change.</span></p><p><span>The model combines current knowledge on soil processes by integrating state-of-the-art modules on plant growth, root development, soil carbon and matter turnover with new concepts with respect to soil hydrology and soil structure dynamics. The model domain is at profile scale, with 1D nodes of variable thickness and weight. It is tested with long-term field experiments to ensure a consistent output of the combined modules. The model is site-specific and works with different soil types and climates (weather scenarios).</span></p><p><span>The output can be interpreted towards a broad spectrum of soil functions. Plant production and nutrient balances can be determined directly. The same is possible for water dynamics, with potential surface runoff (as infiltration surplus), storage and percolation together with travel time and groundwater recharge. In addition, nitrate losses are calculated, and the travel time distribution can help with the evaluation of pesticide percolation risk. To evaluate the habitat for biological activity, the activity is calculated in terms of carbon turnover, and the state variables carbon availability, water, air and temperature for the are accessible. Also, for macrofauna the earthworm activity is included. The comparison of scenario runs can be evaluated quantitatively in terms of potential developments of soil functions.</span></p><p><span>The model is work in progress. Further modules that will be implemented are pH dynamics, more explicit microbial activity, and a more complete set of effects of agricultural management on soil structure are integrated.</span></p>

scholarly journals Finnish trends in phosphorus balances and soil test phosphorus

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. UUSITALO ◽  
E. TURTOLA ◽  
J. GRÖNROOS
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
P Loss ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Soil Test P ◽  
Soil Test Phosphorus ◽  
Yield Responses

Soil test phosphorus (P) concentration has a major influence on the dissolved P concentration in runoff from agricultural soils. Thus, trends in soil test P partly determine the development of pollution potential of agricultural activities. We reviewed the changes of soil test P and P balances in Finnish agriculture, and assessed the current setting of P loss potential after two Agri-Environmental Programs. Phosphorus balance of the Finnish agriculture has decreased from +35 kg ha–1 of the 1980’s to about +8 kg P ha–1 today. As a consequence, the 50-yr upward trend in soil test P concentrations has probably levelled out in the late 1990’s, as suggested by sampling of about 1600 fields and by a modelling exercise. For the majority of our agricultural soils, soil test P concentrations are currently at a level at which annual P fertilization is unlikely to give measurable yield responses. Soils that benefit from annual P applications are more often found in farms specialized in cereal production, whereas farms specialized in non-cereal plant production and animal production have higher soil test P concentrations. An imbalance in P cycling between plant (feed) and animal production is obvious, and regional imbalances are a result of concentration of animal farms in some parts of the country. A major concern in future will be the fate of manure P in those regions where animal production intensity is further increasing.;

Postemergence Grass Control with Herbicides Applied at ULV in Paraffinic Oil

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester G. McWhorter ◽  
William L. Barrentine ◽  
James E. Hanks
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Paraffinic Oil

Variables affecting ultra-low-volume (ULV) application of herbicides for postemergence grass control in soybeans were evaluated in field experiments from 1988 to 1990. Air-assist applications of clethodim at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1were compared with 94 and 187 L ha–1applications with a conventional hydraulic sprayer. Rate of herbicide, volume of diluent, type of diluent, air pressure, and four other herbicides were evaluated. Clethodim at 28, 56, and 112 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil at 2.3 L ha–1controlled johnsongrass better 10 wk after treatment than equivalent rates applied at 2.3 or 187 L ha–1in water. At 2.3 L ha–1, barnyardgrass control was improved by applying clethodim in paraffinic oil rather than water. Johnsongrass control 10 wk after treatment was better with clethodim at 28 g ha–1applied in paraffinic oil than when applied in soybean oil, cottonseed oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, kerosene, or jet A fuel. Low air pressures of 14 or 28 kPa resulted in better control of johnsongrass and barnyardgrass than higher pressures of 56 and 112 kPa. Clethodim, fluazifop-P, haloxyfop, quizalofop, or sethoxydim were more effective on johnsongrass and barnyardgrass when applied in paraffinic oil than in water at 2.3 and 4.7 L ha–1with an air-assist sprayer.

Effect of 10 years of biofertiliser use on soil quality and rice yield on an Inceptisol in Assam, India

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smrita Buragohain ◽  
Banashree Sarma ◽  
Dhruba J. Nath ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Ram S. Meena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Total P

In the present study, field experiments were performed over 10 consecutive years (2006–15) to assess the effects of biofertiliser and enriched biocompost on soil quality, total organic carbon (TOC) and rice yields in an Inceptisol. Experiments were conducted in a randomised block design with four replicates and five treatments: unfertilised control (T1); recommended doses of inorganic fertiliser (T2); biofertiliser with reduced (50%) inorganic N and P fertilisers (T3); reduced (50%) inorganic N and P fertilisers with 1 t ha–1 enriched biocompost (T4); and reduced (75%) inorganic N and P fertilisers with 2 t ha–1 enriched biocompost (T5). T3 improved soil chemical and biological properties with enhanced soil quality index (40%), total P (23%), total K (42%) and fungal (38%) and bacterial (44%) colony counts. T5 significantly improved the carbon pool index (29%) and available nutrients (N, P and K at rates of 37%, 22% and 10% respectively) and increased soil pH (11%), resulting in a higher sustainable yield index (39%) of rice. Fraction 2 (labile carbon) of TOC, total P, available K, microbial biomass carbon and phosphate-solubilising bacteria were key indicators to assess the suitability of these fertilisers in rice cultivation in north-east India.

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