The Association of Long-term Macrolide Therapy and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Culture Positivity in Patients With Bronchiectasis

Abstract Background The long-term outcome is an essential issue in critically ill patients, and the identification of early determinant is needed for risk stratification of the long-term outcome. In the present study, we investigate the association between culture positivity during admission and long-term outcome in critically ill surgical patients. Methods We linked the 2015–2019 critical care database at Taichung Veterans General Hospital with the nationwide death registration files in Taiwan. We described the long-term mortality and proportion of culture positivity among enrolled subjects. We used a log-rank test to estimate survival curves between patients with and without positive cultures and a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model to determine hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 6748 critically ill patients were enrolled, and 32.5% (2196/6749) of them died during the follow-up period, with the overall follow-up duration was 1.8 ± 1.4 years. We found that 31.4% (2122/6748) of critically ill patients had at least one positive culture during the index admission, and the number of patients with positive culture in the blood, respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissue and abdomen were 417, 1702, 554, 194 and 139, respectively. We found that a positive culture from any sites was independently associated with high long-term mortality (aHR 1.579, 95% CI 1.422–1.754) after adjusting relevant covariates, including age, sex, body-mass index, comorbidities, severity score, shock, early fluid overload, receiving mechanical ventilation and the need of renal replacement therapy for critical illness. Conclusions We linked two databases to identify that a positive culture during admission was independently correlated with increased long-term mortality in critically ill surgical patients. Our findings highlight the need for vigilance among patients with a positive culture during admission, and more studies are warranted to validate our findings and to clarify underlying mechanisms.

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Urinary Tract Infection Diagnosis and Response to Therapy in Long-Term Care: A Prospective Observational Study

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2015/830415 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 133-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter Daley ◽

Carla Penney ◽

Susan Wakeham ◽

Glenda Compton ◽

Aaron McKim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Long Term Care ◽

Urine Culture ◽

Asymptomatic Bacteriuria ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Functional Improvement ◽

Term Care ◽

Culture Positivity ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Culture Positivity Rate

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among residents of long-term care (LTC) facilities is high, and is a source of inappropriate antibiotic prescription.OBJECTIVE: To establish symptoms and signs associated with a positive urine culture, and to determine whether antibiotic therapy is associated with functional improvement.METHODS: A total of 101 LTC patients were prospectively observed after submission of urine for culture.RESULTS: The culture positivity rate was consistent with the expected asymptomatic bacteriuria rate. Change in mental status and male sex were associated with culture positivity. Treatment decisions were not consistent with culture results. Treatment did not lead to improvement in activities of daily living scores at two days or seven days.DISCUSSION: Significant growth cannot be well predicted based on clinical variables; thus, the decision to submit urine is somewhat arbitrary. Because urine culture testing and treatment does not lead to functional improvement, restricting access to the test may be reasonable.CONCLUSION: Urine culture testing in LTC facilities does not lead to functional improvement.

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Culture positivity may correlate with long-term mortality in critically ill patients

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06898-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei-Fan Ou ◽

Li-Ting Wong ◽

Chieh-Liang Wu ◽

Wen-Cheng Chao

Keyword(s):

Critical Care ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Culture Positivity ◽

Long Term Mortality ◽

Overall Mortality

Abstract Background The long-term outcome is currently a crucial issue in critical care, and we aim to address the association between culture positivity and long-term mortality in critically ill patients. Methods We used the 2015–2019 critical care database at Taichung Veterans General Hospital and Taiwanese nationwide death registration files. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was conducted to determine hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results We enrolled 4488 critically ill patients, and the overall mortality was 55.2%. The follow-up duration among survivors was 2.2 ± 1.3 years. We found that 52.6% (2362/4488) of critically ill patients had at least one positive culture during the admission, and the number of patients with positive culture in the blood, respiratory tract and urinary tract were 593, 1831 and 831, respectively. We identified that a positive culture from blood (aHR 1.233; 95% CI 1.104–1.378), respiratory tract (aHR 1.217; 95% CI 1.109–1.364) and urinary tract (aHR 1.230; 95% CI 1.109–1.364) correlated with an increased risk of long-term mortality after adjusting relevant covariates. Conclusions Through linking two databases, we found that positive culture in the blood, respiratory tract and urinary tract during admission correlated with increased long-term overall mortality in critically ill patients.

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Tuberculous lymphadenitis: Comparison of cytomorphology, Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and rapid mycobacterial culture at a pediatric superspecialty hospital

CytoJournal ◽

10.4103/1742-6413.187070 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Sonam Mahana ◽

Reena Tomar ◽

Rawi Agrawal ◽

Rushika Saksena ◽

Vikas Manchanda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Sensitivity ◽

Tuberculous Lymphadenitis ◽

Sensitivity Testing ◽

Common Pattern ◽

Reliable Technique ◽

Mycobacterial Culture ◽

Culture Positivity ◽

Smear Negative ◽

Necrotizing Granulomas

Background: To evaluate and compare the role of Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining and mycobacterial culture in diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 fine needle aspirations (FNAs) from patients who were clinically suspected to have tuberculous lymphadenitis were included. Acid-fast Bacilli detection was attempted by ZN staining on smears as well as culture on Middlebrook 7H9 broth. Percentage positivity of both smears and culture was calculated. Results: Of the 56 cases, 46 showed cytomorphological features consistent with tuberculosis (TB). The most common pattern was only necrosis in 37 cases followed by necrotizing granulomas in 13 cases. ZN-stained smears were positive in 40 cases while culture was positive in only 27 cases. The highest smear and culture positivity was noted in cases with only necrosis. In six cases, diagnosis of TB was made on culture alone since smear was negative in these cases. Conclusion: FNA is a reliable technique for early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in many cases. Mycobacterial culture by newer rapid techniques can assist in bacillary detection in smear-negative cases and also allows for drug sensitivity testing. Hence, culture should be resorted to in such cases.

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A long-term study of early fluid therapy in severely burned adults. 3. Simultaneous comparison of saline solution alone or combined with plasma

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.4.268 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (4) ◽

pp. 268-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Bocanegra

Keyword(s):

Fluid Therapy ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Term Study ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Simultaneous Comparison ◽

Early Fluid

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Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x1800105x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

John P. A. Ioannidis

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disease ◽

Brain Disorders ◽

Social Stressors ◽

Labor Education ◽

Mental Diseases ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Brief summary of Kleť photographic search programme for minor planets

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100031419 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 173 ◽

pp. 189-192

Author(s):

J. Tichá ◽

M. Tichý ◽

Z. Moravec

Keyword(s):

Ccd Camera ◽

Minor Planet ◽

Minor Planets ◽

Main Belt

AbstractA long-term photographic search programme for minor planets was begun at the Kleť Observatory at the end of seventies using a 0.63-m Maksutov telescope, but with insufficient respect for long-arc follow-up astrometry. More than two thousand provisional designations were given to new Kleť discoveries. Since 1993 targeted follow-up astrometry of Kleť candidates has been performed with a 0.57-m reflector equipped with a CCD camera, and reliable orbits for many previous Kleť discoveries have been determined. The photographic programme results in more than 350 numbered minor planets credited to Kleť, one of the world's most prolific discovery sites. Nearly 50 per cent of them were numbered as a consequence of CCD follow-up observations since 1994.This brief summary describes the results of this Kleť photographic minor planet survey between 1977 and 1996. The majority of the Kleť photographic discoveries are main belt asteroids, but two Amor type asteroids and one Trojan have been found.

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Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100024945 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

P. Ambrož

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Field Line ◽

Large Scale ◽

Coronal Magnetic Field ◽

Source Surface ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

Characteristic Relationship ◽

The Magnetic Field ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

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Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064496 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 201-204

Author(s):

Vojtech Rušin ◽

Milan Minarovjech ◽

Milan Rybanský

Keyword(s):

Emission Lines ◽

High Latitudes ◽

Green Line ◽

Solar Cycles ◽

The South ◽

Coronal Emission ◽

Local Maxima ◽

The North ◽

Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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