Overexpression of GmDREB1 improves salt tolerance in transgenic wheat and leaf protein response to high salinity

Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is a crop of a high nutritional value and seed oil content. The characterization of pea germplasm is important to improve yield and quality. This study aimed at using fatty acid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate the variation and relationships of 25 accessions of French pea. It also aimed to conduct a marker-trait associations analysis using the crude oil content as the target trait for this analysis, and to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could enhance salt tolerance in the pea germplasm. The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%. Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid. Moreover, the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters. The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321, and their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362. The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level. Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait. The response of the Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 cultivars to high salinity stress was studied. High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level, however, the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity. Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity. Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone. In conclusion, this study is amongst the first investigations that conducted marker-trait associations in pea, and revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance.

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Isolation of Halophilic Bacteria from Inland Petroleum- Producing Wells

Fine Focus ◽

10.33043/ff.3.2.101-110 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Maedgen Q. Lindsey ◽

Jennifer R. Huddleston

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Gene Sequence ◽

Produced Water ◽

High Salinity ◽

Halophilic Bacteria ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Oil Well ◽

Marine Microorganisms ◽

16S Rdna Gene ◽

Mannitol Salt Agar

The goals of this study were to isolate microorganisms from oil well-produced water, identify the microorganisms, and test the microorganisms’ salt tolerance. Saltwater collected from two well locations producing from different zones in Jones County, Texas, was spread onto Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA). Isolates showed a 16S rDNA gene sequence identity of 99% with Idiomarina baltica and Marinobacter persicus. Salt tolerance assays indicated an optimal growth concentration of 10-12.5% NaCl for the Idiomarina isolate and a decrease in growth beyond 5% NaCl for the Marinobacter isolate. In conclusion, organisms that are phylogenetically similar to marine microorganisms are present in oil well environments, and have variable salt tolerances, which may prove useful in microbialmediated hydrocarbon bioremediation of high salinity environments.

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Effect of Calcium on Salt Tolerance of Leaf Epidermal Cells of Ruppia maritima at High Salinity

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s143192760002599x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 4 (S2) ◽

pp. 1174-1175

Author(s):

A.D. Barnabas ◽

R. Jagels ◽

W.J. Przybylowicz ◽

J. Mesjasz-Przybylowicz

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

High Salinity ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Transfer Cell ◽

Ruppia Maritima ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

Salt Glands

Ruppia maritima L. is a submerged halophyte which occurs frequently in estuaries where sodium chloride is the dominant salt. Unlike terrestrial halophytes, R. maritima does not possess any specialised salt-secreting structures such as salt glands. Knowledge of salt tolerance mechanisms in this plant is important to our understanding of its biology. In a previous study it was shown that leaf epidermal cells of R. maritima, which possess transfer cell characteristics, are implicated in salt regulation. In the present investigation, the effect of calcium (Ca) on salt tolerance of leaf epidermal cells was studied since Ca has been found to be an important factor in resistance to salt stress in terrestrial plants.Plants were grown in artificial seawater of high salinity (33%) and at two different Ca concentrations : 400 ppm (high Ca) and 100 ppm (low Ca).

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Changes in the levels of jasmonates and free polyamines induced by Na2SO4 and NaCl in roots and leaves of the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-012-0052-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mariana Reginato ◽

Guillermina Abdala ◽

Otto Miersch ◽

Oscar Ruiz ◽

Elsa Moschetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

High Salinity ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Defense System ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Tolerance Mechanisms ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Number Of Leaves

AbstractProsopis strombulifera, a common legume in high-salinity soils of Argentina, is a useful model for elucidation of salt tolerance mechanisms and specific biochemical pathways in halophytes, since its NaCl tolerance exceeds the limit described for most halophytic plants. We analyzed the effects of the increasing concentration of two main soil salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, on growth parameters of P. strombulifera, chlorophyll levels, and content of jasmonates (JAs) and polyamines (PAs), which are key molecules involved in stress responses. P. strombulifera showed a halophytic response (growth promotion) to NaCl, but strong growth inhibition by iso-osmotic solutions of Na2SO4. Chlorophyll levels, number of leaves and leaf area were also differentially affected. An important finding was the partial alleviation of SO42− toxicity by treatment with two-salt mixture. JAs are not directly involved in salt tolerance in this species since its levels decrease under all salt treatments. Beneficial effects of Putrescine (Put) accumulation in NaCl treated plants maybe inferred probably associated with the antioxidative defense system. Another novel finding is the accumulation of the uncommon PA cadaverine in roots under high Na2SO4, which may be related to SO42− toxicity.

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Test the Development in Salt Tolerance in Two Selected Genotypes of Wheat

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2012.6.1.201 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 56-61

Author(s):

Salah M. Hassan ◽

Majeed D. M. ◽

Abdo-Wehab M. Whaeb ◽

Suad M. Majeed ◽

Ibrahim I. H. Al-Mashhadani

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

High Salinity ◽

Plant Breeder ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Important Approach ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Improvement Programs ◽

Genetic Development ◽

High Salinity Level

The genetic development for salt tolerance in wheat is very important approach for the plant breeder to overcome salinity problem. Estimation of salt tolerance by two selected genotypes of wheat (4H, N5) was conducted in plastic house as compared with the local cultivars Tamoz 2 to know the development that happened in salt tolerance in these genotypes through the plant breeding programs. The experiment was conducted in pots using four salinity levels (2, 5, 10, 15)ds/m. The experimental design was RCBD with three blocks. Results indicated that both selected genotypes were significantly superior in all measured characters to check cultivar at all salinity levels. There were differences between the two selected genotypes in different traits, but not significant especially at high salinity levels. At these salinity levels, the selected genotypes had more growth in shoots and roots. The differences between the two selected genotypes and the check cultivar in all characters increased in high salinity level. In conclusion, there were genetically improvements with aspect to salt tolerance achieved in selected genotypes through breeding and improvement programs.

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Salt tolerance of corn genotypes (Zea mays L.) during germination and later growth

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas0702115r ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Velimir Radic ◽

Damir Beatovic ◽

Jelena Mrdja

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

High Salinity ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Corn Seed ◽

Seed Germinability ◽

Production Conditions

Since corn is grown in climatically diverse regions and under different production conditions, assuming that high salinity in the substrate affect corn seed performance, such conditions were simulated in this study in order to examine their effects on seedling geminability and length in several corn genotypes. The study showed that the tested seeds tolerated the stress conditions up to a certain point. The studied genotypes differed in level of resistance to the stress conditions. Salt concentrations were determined, which were capable of affecting negatively seed germinability and seedling growth.

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An AP2/ERF Gene, HuERF1, from Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21134586 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 4586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yujie Qu ◽

Quandong Nong ◽

Shuguang Jian ◽

Hongfang Lu ◽

Mingyong Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

High Salinity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Response Factors ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Hylocereus Undatus ◽

Ethylene Response Factors

Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) is a high salt-tolerant fruit, and ethylene response factors (ERFs) play important roles in transcription-regulating abiotic tolerance. To clarify the function of HuERF1 in the salt tolerance of pitaya, HuERF1 was heterogeneously expressed in Arabidopsis. HuERF1 had nuclear localization when HuERF1::GFP was expressed in Arabidopsis protoplasts and had transactivation activity when HuERF1 was expressed in yeast. The expression of HuERF1 in pitaya seedlings was significantly induced after exposure to ethylene and high salinity. Overexpression of HuERF1 in Arabidopsis conferred enhanced tolerance to salt stress, reduced the accumulation of superoxide (O2 · ¯ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and improved antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicate that HuERF1 is involved in ethylene-mediated salt stress tolerance, which may contribute to the salt tolerance of pitaya.

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Inter- and intra-population variation in seedling performance of Rio Grande cottonwood under low and high salinity

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x04-032 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1458-1466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D L Rowland ◽

A A Sher ◽

D L Marshall

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

High Salinity ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Leaf Size ◽

Population Variation ◽

Past Century ◽

Seedling Performance ◽

Low Salt

The Rio Grande watershed ecosystem has been increasingly threatened since the construction of dams and severe channelization in the past century. Rio Grande cottonwood (Populus deltoides var. wislizenii (S. Wats.) Eckenw.) has been suffering stress and high mortality rates with decreased water availability and increased salinity levels. Genetic variation in salt tolerance has been documented in adult cottonwoods, and we hypothesized that these traits might be heritable. This potential heritable genetic variation in seedling offspring might be advantageous in reforestation efforts along the Rio Grande. We screened four New Mexican Rio Grande populations for seedling genotypes that might be salt tolerant and correlated seedling performance under both high- and low-salt treatments with the physiological performance of their open-pollinated family. For all populations, we found significant stunting effects of high salinity on mean leaf size, plant height, total plant mass, root mass, and shoot mass, with no effects on chlorophyll content (as measured by a Minolta SPAD-502 meter) or root/shoot ratio. Although there were no significant differences between the four populations, there were highly significant differences between open-pollinated families within each site. In addition, at one site (San Antonio), genetically based open-pollinated family physiology, as measured in a common garden, was significantly correlated with seedling performance, especially under low-salt conditions. This indicates these traits are heritable, and adult salt tolerance may convey an advantage in offspring establishment under high-salt conditions.

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Improved salt tolerance of transgenic wheat by introducing betA gene for glycine betaine synthesis

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) ◽

10.1007/s11240-009-9665-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 65-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Chunmei He ◽

Aifang Yang ◽

Weiwei Zhang ◽

Qiang Gao ◽

Juren Zhang

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Glycine Betaine ◽

Transgenic Wheat ◽

Beta Gene

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Effects of H2S on Salt Tolerance of Mangrove Plant Kandelia obovata

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21010118 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi-Ling Liu ◽

Zhi-Jun Shen ◽

Martin Simon ◽

Huan Li ◽

Dong-Na Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Carbon Fixation ◽

Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽

High Salinity ◽

Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽

Primary Metabolism ◽

Kandelia Obovata ◽

Mangrove Species ◽

Mangrove Plant

As a dominant mangrove species, Kandelia obovata is distributed in an intertidal marsh with an active H2S release. Whether H2S participates in the salt tolerance of mangrove plants is still ambiguous, although increasing evidence has demonstrated that H2S functions in plant responses to multiple abiotic stresses. In this study, NaHS was used as an H2S donor to investigate the regulatory mechanism of H2S on the salt tolerance of K. obovata seedlings by using a combined physiological and proteomic analysis. The results showed that the reduction in photosynthesis (Pn) caused by 400 mM of NaCl was recovered by the addition of NaHS (200 μM). Furthermore, the application of H2S enhanced the quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) and the membrane lipid stability, implying that H2S is beneficial to the survival of K. obovata seedlings under high salinity. We further identified 37 differentially expressed proteins by proteomic approaches under salinity and NaHS treatments. Among them, the proteins that are related to photosynthesis, primary metabolism, stress response and hormone biosynthesis were primarily enriched. The physiological and proteomic results highlighted that exogenous H2S up-regulated photosynthesis and energy metabolism to help K. obovata to cope with high salinity. Specifically, H2S increased photosynthetic electron transfer, chlorophyll biosynthesis and carbon fixation in K. obovata leaves under salt stress. Furthermore, the abundances of other proteins related to the metabolic pathway, such as antioxidation (ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX), copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CSD2), and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1)), protein synthesis (heat-shock protein (HSP), chaperonin family protein (Cpn) 20), nitrogen metabolism (glutamine synthetase 1 and 2 (GS2), GS1:1), glycolysis (phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)), and the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle were increased by H2S under high salinity. These findings provide new insights into the roles of H2S in the adaptations of the K. obovata mangrove plant to high salinity environments.

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