Cognitive Impairment and Affective Disorder: A Rare Presentation of Cerebellar Stroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 106690
Author(s):  
Ece GOK-DURSUN ◽  
Ozge Berna GULTEKIN-ZAIM ◽  
Ersin TAN ◽  
Isin UNAL-CEVIK
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Cerebellar Stroke

scholarly journals A rare presentation of KBG syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1284
Author(s):  
Dhanya Soodhana Mohan ◽  
Vani Hebbal Nagarajappa
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Genetic Condition ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Characteristic Appearance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kbg Syndrome

KBG syndrome is a rare, genetic disorder characterizedby cognitive impairment, short stature, skeletal (mainly costovertebral) anomalies and a distinct craniofacial appearance. It is usually autosomal dominant in nature with a wide range of expressivity in its clinical features. We describe what appears to be the third case reported from India.The aim of this article is to review familiar clinical features and to highlight the endocrine management of KBG syndrome. We are hereby reporting a case of 17 year 10 months old adolescent who had neurocognitive impairment and a characteristic appearance, which led to the diagnosis of this genetic condition.

scholarly journals Identification of Gut Microbiome Signatures in Patients With Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment and Affective Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinting Huang ◽  
Zibin Shen ◽  
Wenzhen He
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Lower Content ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Stroke (ST), endangering human health due to its high incidence and high mortality, is a global public health problem. There is increasing evidence that there is a link between the gut microbiota (GM) and neuropsychiatric diseases. We aimed to find the GM of ST, post-ST cognitive impairment (PSCI), and post-ST affective disorder (PSTD). GM composition was analyzed, followed by GM identification. Alpha diversity estimation showed microbiota diversity in ST patients. Beta diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community structure segregated differently between different groups. At the genus level, ST patients had a significantly higher proportion of Enterococcus and lower content of Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, and Megamonas. PSCI patients had a significantly higher content of Enterococcus, Bacteroides, and Escherichia-Shigella and a lower proportion of Faecalibacterium compared with patients with ST. Patients with PSTD had a significantly higher content of Bacteroides and Escherichia-Shigella and lower content of Enterococcus and Faecalibacterium. Parabacteroides and Lachnospiraceae were associated with Montreal cognitive assessment score of ST patients. Our study indicated that the characteristic GM, especially Bacteroidetes, could be used as clinical biomarkers of PSCI and PSTD.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE DISORDERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
S. A. Yaroslavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunctions ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
Depressive Reaction

362 patients with cognitive impairment in depressive disorders were examined: 123 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), 141 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and 98 people with prolonged depressive reaction (PDR). It was found that cognitive dysfunctions were less pronounced in patients with PDR, than in patients with RDD and BAR (p<0,035). Cognitive dysfunctions in depressive disorders was underlined by the presence of disorders in the mental sphere, in the sphere of attention, executive, visual-spatial and linguistic functions. The differential features of cognitive impairment in patients with RDD, BAR and PDR are highlighted and it should be taken during conducting differential diagnosis of cognitive impairment in depressive disorders. Keywords: patients with cognitive impairment, depressive disorders, cognitive dysfunctions, recurrent depressive disorder, bipolar depressive disorder, prolonged depressive reaction.

Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS VEDEL KESSING
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Single Episode ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. A review of studies of cognition in the euthymic phase of unipolar and bipolar affective disorder reveals diverging results.Methods. The study was designed as a controlled cohort study, with the Danish psychiatric case register of admissions used to identify patients and the Danish civil register to identify controls. Patients who were hospitalized between 19 and 25 years ago with an affective diagnosis and who at interviews fulfilled criteria for a primary affective unipolar or bipolar disorder, according to ICD-10, were compared with age- and gender-matched controls. Interviews and assessment of the cognitive function were made in the euthymic phase of the disorder. In all, 118 unipolar patients, 28 bipolar patients and 58 controls were included. Analyses were adjusted for differences in the level of education and for subclinical depressive and anxiety symptoms.Results. Patients with recurrent episodes were significantly more impaired than patients with a single episode and more impaired than controls. Also, within patients the number of prior episodes seemed to be associated with cognitive outcome. There was no difference in the severity of the dysfunction between unipolar and bipolar patients.Conclusions. Cognitive impairment in out-patients with unipolar and bipolar disorder appears to be associated with the number of affective episodes.

Cognitive function in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJ VINBERG CHRISTENSEN ◽  
KIRSTEN OHM KYVIK ◽  
LARS VEDEL KESSING
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Function Language

Background. Patients may present with cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder, but it is unclear whether the impairment is prevalent before onset of the illness. The aim of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that genetic liability to affective disorder is associated with cognitive impairment.Method. In a cross-sectional high-risk case–control study, healthy monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins with (High-Risk twins) and without (the control group/Low-Risk twins) a co-twin history of affective disorder were identified through nationwide registers. Cognitive performance of 203 High-Risk and Low-Risk twins was compared.Results. Healthy twins discordant for unipolar disorder showed lower performance on almost all measures of cognitive function: selective and sustained attention, executive function, language processing and working and declarative memory, and also after adjustment for demographic variables, subclinical symptoms and minor psychopathology. Healthy twins discordant for bipolar disorder showed lower performance on tests measuring episodic and working memory, also after adjustment for the above-mentioned covariables. The discrete cognitive impairment found seemed to be related to genetic liability, as the MZ High-Risk twins showed significant impairment on selective and sustained attention, executive function, language processing and working and declarative memory, whereas the DZ High-Risk twins presented with significantly lower scores only on language processing and episodic memory.Conclusions. The hypothesis that discrete cognitive impairment is present before the onset of the affective disorder and is genetically transmitted was supported. Thus, cognitive function may be a candidate endophenotype for affective disorders.

scholarly journals Cognitive functions in a mixed episode of bipolar affective disorder

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Mixed Episode ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Summary. According to various meta-analyzes, most patients with bipolar affective disorder have neurocognitive dysfunction even in remission. In recent studies, moderate to severe impairments have been found in attention, verbal learning and memory, and executive function. Whereas premorbid intelligence remains unchanged. The main body of research is devoted to the study of cognitive impairment in the first episode of bipolar affective disorder, in manic, depressive episodes, and euthymia. At the same time, the features of cognitive dysfunction in mixed forms of bipolar affective disorder remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to study the characteristics of cognitive functions in patients with a mixed episode of bipolar affective disorder. Materials and methods. With the help of a battery of tests (a test for remembering ten unrelated words; a Ray-Osterritz test; a verbal speed test; a digital character substitution test; a symbol linking test), the cognitive features of 25 patients with a mixed episode, 16 patients with a manic episode, and 15 patients with a depressive episode of bipolar affective disorder. Results and conclusions. Deviations in cognitive function were found in all patients regardless of the type of affective symptomatology. In the form of a wide range of psychopathological phenomena which manifested themselves to a greater extent in patients with a mixed episode of bipolar affective disorder. The peculiarities of the phenomenological structure of cognitive impairment in patients with mixed phase of bipolar affective disorder are manifested in the form of a more pronounced deterioration of verbal memory, information processing speed; more pronounced violations of spatial representations, deterioration of visual memory, verbal associative performance and executive functions; a decrease in attention and a violation of its distribution. The findings suggest that the leading role in the formation of these disorders is played by the presence of depressive symptoms in the clinical structure of affective disorders.

scholarly journals 86 Hyperfamiliarity for Unknown Faces in a Patient with Lewy Body Dementia

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-218
Author(s):  
Aghaegbulam Uga ◽  
Terngu Ibilah
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Lewy Body Dementia ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
One Year

AbstractTitle“I know everybody here”Hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces, a delusion of misidentification, is a rare disorder.We present a 67-year-old female admitted with worsening cognitive impairment and poor self-care associated with parkinsonian symptoms of one-year duration. During evaluation, she was noted to relate to strangers with familiar gestures like people she already knew causing distress for family and care givers.Workup revealed significant cognitive impairment, MOCA of 9/30 and neuroimaging showing diffuse temporal lobe volume loss predominantly on the left.Assessment was Lewy body dementia with hyperfamiliarity for unknown faces.This rare presentation reflects the need for detailed examination and workup during evaluation.

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